ZrB2对浸入式水口用ZrO2-C材料性能的影响

浸入式水口渣线材料性能的优劣决定着连铸安全和效率的高低,为提高浸入式水口渣线的性能,本研究在ZrO2-C材料中加入ZrB2,探讨ZrB2对ZrO2-C材料性能尤其是抗侵蚀性的影响.结果表明:ZrB2添加到ZrO2-C材料中后,会显著提高材料的抗氧化性,其机理是高温下ZrB2生成B2O3,B2O3在高温下为液相,堵塞气孔,大幅度减缓氧化.适量ZrB2添加到ZrO2-C材料中后,可以提高材料的抗侵蚀性.但ZrB2容易在CO气氛下生成B2O3,B2O3易使氧化锆脱溶、分解,加速ZrO2-C材料的侵蚀.     

低温制备微晶Al2O3-MgAlON复合材料的反应机理

采用热压烧结,以Al、Al2O3、MgO为原料,在850℃制备微晶Al2O3-MgAlON复合材料。通过XRD、SEM、粒度分析等表征手段对所制备的MgAlON刚玉复合材料进行机理研究发现:在压力存在的情况下,熔融的铝在低温反应过程中对物质的传输和反应的进行起到了"通道"作用,从而使反应能在较低的温度下顺利进行,并使MgAlON的晶粒随温度的升高不断长大。     

富硼渣制备BN-MgAlON复合粉体热力学研究

以富硼渣和炭黑为主要原料,在热力学分析的基础上,采用碳热还原氮化法制备合成了BN-MgAlON复合粉体.利用X射线衍射(XRD)、能谱分析(EDS)和扫描电镜(SEM)等测定了产物的相组成和显微结构,结果表明,在高纯氮气、1480℃保温8h条件下,富硼渣中的B2O3生成BN,MgO,Al2O3反应生成MgAlON相.反应产物的主要成分为MgAlON,Sialon,CaAl4O7,BN,生成的MgAlON为八面体结晶,发育良好.该工艺为富硼渣的综合利用提供了新的途径.     

碳纳米管的加入方式对低碳铝炭材料性能的影响

分别以多壁碳纳米管-氧化铝(CNT-Al2O3)复合粉体和直接加入的添加方式,以MWCNTs为增强材料,电熔白刚玉(粒径为1~3mm和0~1mm)为骨料,板状刚玉粉(粒径≤0.043 mm)、鳞片石墨粉(粒径≤0.147 mm)、单质硅粉(粒径≤0.074 mm)为基质,热固性酚醛树脂为结合剂,制备出MWCNTs复合低碳Al2O3-C材料,研究MWCNTs及其不同的加入方式对复合材料的常温物理性能、高温抗折强度、抗热震性和抗氧化性的影响。采用扫描电子显微镜和高分辨率透射电镜对MWCNTs及复合材料的表观形貌进行观察。结果表明,CNT-Al2O3复合粉体中的MWCNTs在基质中分散均匀,可降低试样的气孔率,提高试样的致密度、机械强度、高温抗折强度和抗热震性;直接加入的MWCNTs不但对试样的常温物理性能和抗热震性无明显改善,而且降低了试样的高温抗折强度下降。MWCNTs的加入可改善低碳Al2O3-C试样的抗氧化性,其中以加入CNT-Al2O3复合粉体的加入形式效果最佳。     

原位自生Al_2O_3-TiC_p/Al基复合材料的热力学分析

采用熔铸法制备了原位自生Al2O3-TiCp/Al基复合材料。借助差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱分析仪(EDS)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)等测试技术,对Al-TiO2-C体系的热力学进行了详尽的分析,讨论了过量铝对Al-TiO2-C体系反应的影响。结果表明,通过控制反应温度等工艺参数完全可以获得原位自生Al2O3-TiCp/Al基复合材料,避免副产物Al3Ti和Al4C3的产生。Al-TiO2-C体系原位合成Al2O3-TiCp/Al基复合材料存在着复杂的化学反应。首先在无过量铝的情况下,Al与TiO2发生置换反应,生成了Al2O3和游离态[Ti],而后游离态[Ti]与C结合生成TiC;而存在过量铝的情况下,首先发生铝热反应生成Al3Ti,进而Al3Ti与C结合生成TiC。最终完全获得Al2O3-TiCp/Al复合材料。随着过量Al含量由0增加至70%,Al与TiO2反应生成Al2O3的反应起始温度不断降低。     

富硼渣制备BN-MgAlON复合材料及氧化机理分析

在热力学分析的基础上以富硼渣和炭黑为主要原料合成了BN-MgAlON复合材料,并利用X射线衍射(XRD)、能谱分析(EDS)、扫描电镜(SEM)和DSC-TG等测定了产物的相组成、显微结构和氧化性能。实验结果表明,在实验条件下,富硼渣中的B2O3生成BN、MgO、Al2O3反应生成MgAlON相。BN-MgAlON复合粉体的主要成分为MgAlON、Sialon、BN。以制备的复合粉体为原料,Y2O3为添加剂,烧结制备出了BN-MgAlON复合材料,主要物相为Mg-AlON、Sialon和BN,有少量Al5Y3O12和CaYAl3O7相生成。复合材料氧化温度988℃左右,继续升高温度,试样开始增重,增重速率增大,随着温度的升高,温度高于1320℃时,最大增重率为5.54%。     

Y2O3、Al2O3掺杂对CeO2的烧结及电性能的影响

本文采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了不同含量的Y2O3掺杂的CeO2粉体，并在4mol％Y2O3—CeO2粉体中掺入Al2O3，研究了各样品的烧结性能和电性能。结果表明：适量的掺杂Y2O3能提高氧化铈的密度，但Y2O3含量超过4％mol后密度下降。一定量的Al2O3也能提高材料的烧结密度。随着Y2O3含量的增大，CeO2的电导先增大后减小，而掺入Al2O3对材料的电导不利。     

LiNi0.75Al0.25O2的制备与性能

LiNi0.75Al0.25O2是很有希望取代LiCoO2的新一代锂离子电池正极材料。采用球形Ni(OH)2和LiNo3、Al(OH)3为原料，空气气氛条件下700℃恒温8h合成了锂离子电池正极材料LiNi0.75Al0.25O2。X衍射分析表明合成的LiNi0.75Al0.25O2粉末结晶良好，具有规整的α—NaFeO2层状结构，扫描电镜分析表明粉末颗粒呈球形，粒径约为7μm。充放电测试表明，合成的LiNi0.75Al0.25O2正极材料具有优良的电化学性能。     

Al-TiO2—C体系MC法合成Al2O3-TiCP／Al基复合材料的动力学分析

利用Al-TiO2-C体系熔铸法制备原位自生Al2O3-TiCP／Al基复合材料。采用Kissinger法测定该体系的激活能。该材料反应的动力学机制由熔化、扩散、反应和冷却四个阶段组成。该体系的主体反应为Al与TiO2之间发生的、伴随着强烈放热的置换反应,以及石墨粒子与其周围富钛层的反应。前者导致了Al2O3粒子生成;后者则生成了TiC粒子。基于理论计算和实验研究,建立了Al-TiO2-C体系MC合成工艺制备原位自生Al2O3-TiCP／Al基复合材料的动力学模型。动力学分析表明,石墨和TiO2颗粒愈细,混粉效果愈好,增强相的体积分数愈高,反应速率就愈大,反应完成所需时间也愈短。     

Al2O3微粉的表面改性及表征

以α—Al2O3微粉为基体，Y(NO3)3溶液为包裹相，采用液相包裹法进行加钇颗粒表面改性。获得了表面均匀包裹Y2O3的α—Al2O3粉体。将此粉体与Al合金复合制备复合材料，复合材料组织更加均匀，对材料进行力学性能测试，结果表明：改性粉体对Al合金增强效果明显增加，抗拉强度提高27．2％，屈服强度提高33．1％，延伸率提高10．3％。     

不锈钢在熔融NaCl中的电化学-化学-稀释模型

为分析不锈钢在熔融NaCl中的腐蚀机制,通过850℃熔融NaCl完全浸没实验,测量了168 h内3种不锈钢的腐蚀动力学曲线,借助SEM、EPMA、EDS等设备表征了试样横截面形貌、元素分布等特征,研究了Ti元素对合金耐蚀性影响机制,采用X射线衍射仪检测了腐蚀24h后熔融盐成分和168 h后试样表面成分,建立了电化学-化学-稀释联合作用腐蚀模型.结果表明:在熔融NaCl腐蚀介质中,金属材料作为阳极被溶解,吸附氧得到电子变成O2-作为阴极;金属阳离子与O2-在熔融NaCl中发生化学反应,生成易挥发性氯化物逃逸系统;熔融盐作为传质媒介,稀释腐蚀层区域的腐蚀产物浓度,提高腐蚀速度.合金中电极电位最负的微量组元优先溶解后形成微小孔隙,增大了微阳极表面积,加速腐蚀反应过程.     

Effects of chloride ions on electrochemical reaction of 316 stainless steel in mixtures of molten nitrate salts

Effects of chloride ion on decomposition of ternary nitrate and corrosion behaviors of 316 stainless steel (316 SS) were studied by electrochemical corrosion tests in molten salt. Chemical composition and morphology of the corrosion products were analyzed using x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy disperse spectroscopy. Composition analysis for molten salt combined with morphology analyses of corrosion layer showed that presence of chlorine ions slowed down decomposition of ternary nitrate and increased corrosion rate of stainless steel markedly. The polarization curve obtained indicated that the corrosion current density increased from 3.02 mA ⋅ cm⁻² to 8.76 mA ⋅ cm⁻² with the addition of 10 % NaCl. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy indicated a decrease in charge-transfer resistance of the double layer between 316 SS and ternary Nitrate containing 10 % NaCl, resulting in a decreased corrosion resistance of 316 SS.     

Enamel coating for protection of the 316 stainless steel against tribo-corrosion in molten zinc alloy at 460℃

Hot-dip galvanizing provides excellent corrosion and wear resistance for steels.However,the equipment itself,such as the steel roller,immerged in corrosive molten zinc suffers serious material loss during steel's production.Its protection has become the main technique problem in modern galvanizing line.In this study,an enamel coating was designed and prepared.Its tribo-corrosion in molten zinc alloy(Zn-0.2 wt%Al)at 460℃was investigated in comparison with the traditional WC-12 Co composite coating and the 316 stainless steel.Results indicate that the steel suffers serious material damage.Various corrosion products of Fe₂ Al₅ Znx form at the worn surface and the wear scar has reached 200μm deep after merely 5 h tribo-corrosion.Though the two coatings provide an improved tribo-corrosion resistance,for the WC-12 Co coating,its chemical reaction with the molten zinc increases brittleness and promotes cracking.The synergistic wear and corrosion cause its degradation.The enamel coating performs better during tribo-corrosion.It is chemically stable in molten zinc thus able to provide high corrosion resistance.In addition,the amorphous[Si04]network and the self-lubricating CaF₂ crystallite help it to build up an intact amorphous glaze layer readily at surface on sliding,leading to a reduced wear loss.During the whole tribo-corrosion process,the enamel coating is completely free of cracking,and the Zn penetration is inhibited.     

用电阻探针法研究水环境中钢筋混凝土的腐蚀行为

混凝土中钢筋腐蚀十分严重,为了对混凝土内钢筋腐蚀进行在线监测,设计了箔栅电阻探针试样及钢筋腐蚀监测仪.介绍了电阻探针监测系统的原理及组成,采用电阻探针法测量了10 mm和20 mm两种混凝土保护层厚度的试样浸泡在青岛海水全浸区、潮差区和长江港淡水环境以及实验室内3%氯化钠溶液中的钢丝电阻腐蚀情况,由电阻值变化可计算出钢丝腐蚀率.试验结果表明,电阻探针法能实时地监测混凝土中钢筋腐蚀的行为.     

Structure and morphology of TiB2 duplex coatings deposited over X40 CrMoV 5-1-1 steel by DC magnetron sputtering

The deposition of titanium diboride (TiB₂) films over tool steel substrates (AISI H13 premium/EN X40 CrMoV 5-1-1) is being investigated due to its excellent corrosion resistance and chemical stability against liquid aluminium. The use of nitrided steels as substrates for TiB₂ deposition may contribute to increase its adhesion and the overall steel resistance in applications such as forging, extrusion and die casting of aluminium. Duplex coatings were obtained by the PVD deposition of TiB₂ films over heat treated and nitrided steel using non-reactive DC magnetron sputtering from a TiB₂ target, varying the substrate bias voltage. Well structured and crystalline TiB₂ films were obtained for the selected deposition conditions, the best crystalline coatings being obtained for the positively biased substrates. Selected films produced over die-casting pins at a bias voltage of +50 V were tested for resistance to liquid aluminium soldering by immersion tests, and compared with the nitrided steel. The duplex TiB₂ coating has a much larger chemical resistance to attack by molten aluminium alloy than the just nitrided steel. Where there is soldering, steel is rapidly attacked and a complex Al-Fe-Si intermetallic forms.     

不锈钢表面阴极微弧电沉积氧化铝膜层的性能

以0.4 mol/L Al（NO₃）₃乙醇溶液为电解液,用阴极微弧电沉积方法在304不锈钢表面制备了80μm厚的氧化铝膜层。分析了膜层的形貌、成分和相组成,测试了膜层的抗高温氧化和电化学腐蚀性能。结果表明.电沉积膜层由γ-Al₂O₃和α-Al₂O₃组成。膜层中含有少量的Fe、Cr、Ni元素,表明膜/基界面附近的不锈钢基体在微弧放电作用下也参与氧化铝膜层的沉积和烧结过程。氧化铝膜层使不锈钢在800℃恒温氧化速率明显降低,表明其抗高温氧化性能得到提高。同时,其腐蚀电位正向移动,腐蚀电流密度降低1个数量级,表明其耐腐蚀性能得到提高。     

新型低镍铸造不锈钢的组织及其磨蚀行为研究

设计了新型低镍铸造不锈钢的化学成分，研究了该钢的组织及其腐蚀与磨蚀行为。结果表明，具有双相组织的新型铸造不锈钢，在含有固相颗粒的高温碱介质中具有良好的耐腐蚀与耐磨蚀性能，此外，该钢还具有较好的力学性能和铸造性能，且成本较低。具有广阔的工业应用前景。     

三元混合氯化盐NaCl-KCl-MgCl2对合金的腐蚀特性实验研究

熔盐是目前太阳能热电站中应用最广泛的储热蓄热材料。为满足太阳能热发电系统对于熔盐的储热需求,该文将304、316L、321、310S不锈钢置于550℃的三元混合氯化盐NaCl-KCl-MgCl₂（7：1：2）体系中,开展混合熔盐的腐蚀特性实验研究,并探讨其中的腐蚀机理。研究结果表明,在三元混合氯化盐NaCl-KCl-MgCl₂（7：1：2）体系中,310S表现出较好的耐腐蚀性能,304的耐腐蚀性较差。MoO₃、NiO、TiO₂氧化物的生成可提高316L、310S、321不锈钢的耐腐蚀性能;混合氯化盐在高温下生成的Cl₂是不锈钢腐蚀的重要原因,外部空气中的O₂和H₂O会进入熔盐侧与合金发生反应,加剧腐蚀。     

Corrosion behaviour of steel in high alumina cement mortar cured at 5,25 and 55 °C: chemical and physical factors

The corrosion behaviour of embedded steel was related to the composition of the pore phase in equilibrium with the hydrated phases and the porosity of the high alumina cement mortars subsequent to curing at 5,25 and 55 °C. The corrosion of reinforcements was evaluated by electrochemical techniques. The effect on corrosion of 3% by weight of cement of NaCl, added during the mixing process, and of the accelerated carbonation of mortars in CO₂ atmosphere were also determined. The pH value and the chemical composition of pore fluid of plain high alumina cement (HAC) mortar cured at all three temperatures suggested that the embedded steel was in a passivated state. The resistance of HAC to carbonation and its greater potential for chloride binding by chloroaluminate formation are believed to make HAC inherently more protective to steel, relative to normal Portland cement, during ingress of chloride from external sources. High corrosion rates reported in literature for steel embedded in HAC may be attributable to bad practice, not to lack of passivity.