液-固流化床中液速分布与颗粒循环流动

通过理论分析和实验研究考察了液一固平板流化床中颗粒流和液流的运动规律,提出了将分散的颗粒流连续介质化的假设和基于容积通量的流休力学表达方式,建立了液体流动和颗粒循环流动的数学模型并定义了颗粒流与液流的有效粘度。理论计算表明,液体通量的径向分布为抛物线,液流有效粘度和液含率与表观液速有关：颗粒通量的径向分布也为抛物线且颗粒上流区与回流区的分界点在0.577D,循环流动强度取决于液含率和液体密度,但颗粒循环分界点的位置与颗粒类型和操作液速无关。实验观察支持模型预测结果。     

二维液固循环流化床内固体颗粒浓度分布的研究

本文对立了液固两相流在弯管中的运动微分方程,提出了一种由流化床压降计算流化床中固体颗粒膨胀高度的方法,在此基础上提出了固体颗粒浓度分布的经验计算式。本文建立了一套模拟循环流化床蒸发器流动状况的二维装置,采用CCD图象采集与处理系统对不同的操作条件下惰性固体颗粒在床中的浓度分布进行测量,实验表明模型较为准确,可用于工程计算。     

液固流化床中颗粒循环运动机理的初步研究

液固流化床中颗粒循环运动机理的初步研究胡新辉朱家骅夏素兰石炎福（四川联合大学化学工程系,成都６１００６５）关键词：液固流化床颗粒运动径向液速分布１引言随着流态化技术在生物化工与能源等领域的不断推广应用,对液固流化床需要更深入的研究。以前的研究认为在...     

液固循环流化床中颗粒轴向速度的实验研究

利用超声多普勒测速仪实验测量了液固循环流化床中不同径向位置处颗粒瞬态轴向速度，研究了其概率密度分布特征。采用瞬态速度的标准偏差衡量瞬态速度的波动程度，考察了不同操作形式下的颗粒时均轴向速度的径向分布以及表观液速和颗粒循环速率等操作条件对速度波动程度和速度均衡径向分布的影响，利用相间作用力对两种分布的特点进行了机理分析，并对液固和气固循环流化床中颗粒的流动行为进行了比较。     

水平管内液固流化床颗粒分布

在水平管液固循环流化床的实验装置上,利用CCD图像采集与处理系统对不同操作条件下惰性固体颗粒在管中的浓度分布进行了测量。利用浓度分布不均匀度的概念,定量地描述浓度分布的不均匀程度。在此基础上,提出了颗粒浓度分布的经验计算式。     

液－固流化床中颗粒群的沉降特性

液－固流化床中颗粒群的沉降特性官国清余华瑞石炎福（四川联合大学化工系，成都６１００６５）关键词液－固流化床颗粒间相互作用力沉降颗粒群１引言研究颗粒群在流化床中的沉降规律，有助于分析流化床的流体力学特性。在实际应用中，对分析工业上经常遇到的不均匀颗粒...     

气固流化床中颗粒分离研究进展

综述了气固流化床有关颗粒分离的研究概况及最新进展。既包括实验研究，又给出模型比较。讨论了不同研究结果之间的差异及存在的不足。指出了在这一领域中应该进一步进行深入研究的课题。     

液固流化床中铜颗粒流化特性的研究

以球形铜颗粒为原料,水为流化介质,在横截面为50mm×15mm的液固流化床中,考察不同平均粒径铜颗粒的流化特性。并基于Richardson-Zaki的关联式,提出符合本实验条件计算空隙率方程中指数n的关联式。     

液固循环流化床中的颗粒速度场

利用超声多普勒测速仪（UDV）对液固循环流化床中颗粒流场进行了系统的实验研究.实验测定了不同轴向位置处的颗粒速度分布,得到了较完整的颗粒速度场,分析了入口区对流场分布的影响,考察了表观液速和颗粒循环速率等操作条件对颗粒速度场分布特点的影响,并利用各影响因素之间的相互关系对流型和速度的变化进行了分析.     

喷嘴对液固外循环流化床内含固体积分数的影响

设计了实现液固外循环流化床中颗粒正常循环的关键部件——喷嘴,利用CCD图像采集分析系统,获得了其换热管束内固体颗粒的分布情况,考察了液体流量、口径比、喷嘴安装位置、颗粒直径、颗粒初始加入量以及液体黏度对液固外循环流化床换热器管束内含固体积分数的影响。结果表明:口径比及喷嘴安装位置对提高管束内的含固体积分数都存在一个最佳值,颗粒直径、颗粒初始加入量以及液体黏度对管束内含固体积分数也具有较大的影响,同时还通过对实验数据的综合分析,得到了喷嘴在最佳安装位置下液固外循环流化床内含固体积分数的经验关联式。     

液固循环流化床换热器中固体颗粒分布

利用CCD图像测量与数据处理系统对多管液固循环流化床换热器中的两相流动特性进行了研究。探讨了下管箱中的分布板结构对固体粒子的体积分数分布、固体粒子的速度分布,以及液固两相流压降的影响。实验结果表明:在循环流化床换热器进口段安装适当结构的多孔板分布器,即多孔板的面积小于床层截面积,且床中心处的遮挡面积大于边缘处的遮挡面积,可以有效地提高固相速度的均匀程度,在较高流速下,能较好地改善固体颗粒在管束中的不均匀分布。     

Macroscopic properties of liquid-solid circulating fluidized bed with viscous liquid medium

Experiments were conducted in a liquid-solid circulating fluidized bed to study the effect of liquid viscosity and solids inventory on pressure gradient, critical transitional liquid velocity, onset average solids holdup, axial solids holdup distribution, average solids holdup and solids circulation rate in circulating fluidization regime with riser operated in fixed inventory mode. The results indicate that critical transitional liquid velocity decreases with increase in liquid viscosity. The onset average solids holdup, on the other hand, increases with increase in either auxiliary liquid velocity or solids inventory. The variation of axial solids holdup distribution, average solids holdup and solids circulation rate with liquid viscosity when solid inventory was 0.15 m was dissimilar with either 0.25 m or 0.35 m solid inventory. Correlations were proposed for estimating the average solids holdup and are satisfactorily compared with experimental values.     

High-velocity fluidization of solid particles in a liquid-solid circulating fluidized bed system

Particulate and aggregative fluidizations in a liquid-solid circulating fluidized bed system are characterized by chaotic time series analysis of local voidage and heat transfer fluctuations in terms of the correlation dimension and Kolmogorov entropy. Both correlation dimension and Komogorov entropy of the voidate fluctuation are found to decrease with decreasing bed voidage in both fluidization regimes, suggesting the suppression of chaotic motion of individual particles due to high solid concentration. The correlation dimension of the heat transfer fluctation in the aggregative fluidization regime is higher than that in the particulate fluidization regime. This reflects the complex convective motion of liquid and solid phases induced by the formation of the liquid streaks and aggregates of particles.     

Minimum fluidization velocity and gas holdup in gas–liquid–solid fluidized bed reactors

Experiments were performed to study the hydrodynamics of a cocurrent three‐phase fluidized bed with liquid as continuous phase. Based on the 209 experimental data (with four liquid systems and five different particles) along with 115 literature data from six different sources on minimum fluidization velocity, a unique correlation for the estimation of minimum fluidization velocity in two‐phase (u_g = 0) as well as in three‐phase systems is developed. A data bank consisting of 1420 experimental measurements for the fractional gas phase holdup data with a wide range of variables is used for developing empirical correlations. Separate correlations are developed for two flow regimes observed in this present work. The proposed correlations are more accurate and simpler to use. © 2002 Society of Chemical Industry     

液固流化床在粗煤泥分选中的应用

介绍了中国选煤工业的现状,提出了粗煤泥的有效分选至关重要。液固流化床因较低的运行成本和较好的分选效果,与其他粗煤泥分选设备相比具有更大的优势。阐述了液固流化床的工作原理及其在中国的应用现状,预测了其广阔的前景,并指出了理论研究对于中国液固流化床发展的重要性。     

The axial hydrodynamic behavior in a liquid-solid circulating fluidized bed

Based on experimental results from a 7.6 cm I. D. and 3 m high liquid–solid circulating fluidized bed, the liquid–solid circulating fluidization regime has been separated into two zones: the initial circulating fluidization zone and the fully developed circulating fluidization zone. The distinct hydrodynamic behavior and the influence of particle properties in the two circulating fluidization zones have been studied. The overall flow structure in LSCFB, although still somewhat non–uniform, is much more uniform than that in a gas-solid CFB. Our experimental results also show that the axial flow characteristics and the regime transition can be strongly affected by the particle density. The stable operation range of the circulating fluidization system and the influences of some associated factors, such as the solids inventory and the particle density, were also investigated for the first time.     

过热蒸汽流化床流化特性的实验研究

在底部直径为120 mm的锥型流化床中,以玻璃珠为流化颗粒,过热蒸汽为流化介质,研究了固体颗粒在过热蒸汽流化床中的流化特性,考察了操作温度和压力对临界流化速度(umf)的影响.结果表明,过热蒸汽流化床的流化行为与热空气相似,临界流化速度(umf)随床层温度的升高而减小,随床内压力的增大而减小;在相同温度条件下,过热蒸汽流化床的临界流化速度比热空气大.     

高密度液固循环流化床流动特性研究及数值模拟

在φ80 mm×8000 mm的液固循环流化床提升管中,利用实心玻璃珠和常温水,采用实验和数值模拟相结合的方法对高密度液固循环流化床的流动特性进行了考察。实验发现,高密度液固提升管中,颗粒固含率和颗粒速度径向分布均为抛物线分布,轴向平均固含率分布总体上为下浓上稀的波动形式分布,颗粒在提升管中的流动表现出加速-减速-再加速直至充分发展的过程。这种分布特征与较高颗粒浓度、较高表观液速和颗粒循环速率及喷管式液体分布器的影响有关。液固提升管中固体颗粒的停留时间分布曲线均为尖而窄、较对称且没有明显拖尾的单峰分布,这表明颗粒基本是以弥散颗粒形式存在,颗粒停留时间分布较为均匀。通过将数值模拟结果与实验结果进行比较发现,模拟值与实验值吻合较好,说明所建立的数学模型较为合理,进一步通过数值模拟实验对颗粒密度和颗粒粒径对流动特性的影响规律进行了考察。     

Phase holdup and liquid dispersion in gas-liquid-solid circulating fluidized beds

Axial and radial profiles of gas and solids holdups have been studied in agas-liquid-solid circulating fluidized bed at 140mm i.d..Experimental results indicate that the axialand radial profiles of gas and solids holdups are more uniform than those in a conventionalfluidized bed.Axial and radial liquid dispersion coefficients in the gas-liquid-solid circulating fluidizedbed are investigated for the first time.It is found that axial and radial liquid dispersioncoefficients increases with increaes in gas velocity and solids holdup.The liquid velocity has littleinfluence on the axial liquid dispersion coefficient,but would adversely affect the redial liquiddispersion coefficient.It can be concluded that the gas-liquid-solid circulating fluidized bed hasadvantages such as better interphase contact and lower liquid dispersion along the axial directionover the expanded bed.