成都生物所发现一种对柑桔病原菌有抑制作用的植物提取物

<正>近日,中国科学院成都生物研究所"对柑桔病原菌有抑制作用的植物提取物及其制备方法和用途"获国家知识产权局发明专利(专利号:ZL201310195394.6)。柑桔青霉病和绿霉病分别是由意大利青霉菌(Penicillium italium)和绿霉菌(Penicillium digitaum)引起的植物病害。据统计,柑桔果实在贮运过程中因烂果造成的损失以柑桔青霉病和绿霉     

微生物杀线虫剂——淡紫拟青霉菌

2亿孢子／克淡紫拟青霉菌粉剂的有效成分是淡紫拟青霉的活孢子，属活体微生物农药。淡紫拟青霉接种在PDA平板(或斜面)上，会长出扁平、淡紫色的特征菌落。在显微镜下观察拟青霉属的特征：分生孢子梗和分枝比青霉菌较分散，分孢子(梗孢子)成干燥的向基部的链，单胞、卵圆形到纺缍形、五色、腐生。     

抗真菌蛋白质的分离纯化

目的试图从霉菌培养液中分离纯化抗真菌活性蛋白质。方法用离子交换层析法分离,用反 向高效液相色谱法进一步纯化,经Ｎ－三（羟甲基）甲基甘氨酸凝胶电泳分析确定其相对分子质量。结果从黑曲霉 菌培养上清液中分离出一种具有抗真菌活性的蛋白质（ＡＦＰ）。纯化后得到高活性的精制ＡＦＰ。相对分子质量约为 ９０００,经ＭＴＴ法检测５种真菌具有明显抗真菌活性。结论本研究为抗菌药物及防腐剂的开发提供了依据。     

一株梅花鹿粪便链霉菌化学成分的分离与鉴定

对一株梅花鹿粪便链霉菌(Streptomyces sp.)的化学成分进行了分析鉴定。从链霉菌发酵液的95%乙醇提取物中分离得到6个已知化合物,分别鉴定为6-N,N-二甲基腺苷(Ⅰ)、5′-甲硫基腺苷(Ⅱ)、胸腺嘧啶脱氧核苷(Ⅲ)、环-(苯丙氨酸-羟脯氨酸)-二肽(Ⅳ)、吲哚-3-甲酸(Ⅴ)、对羟基苯乙醇(Ⅵ);6个化合物均为首次从该菌株中分离得到。     

几种植物精油对桔青霉菌的抑菌活性测定

采用气相抑菌法测定了香茅油、松节油、桉叶油、珊瑚姜油、椒样薄荷油、青花椒油和迷迭香油7种植物精油对桔青霉菌（penicillium citrinum Thorn．）的抑制效果。结果表明,松节油和香茅油抑菌效果最好,在体积比浓度为1μL／mL时可完全抑制桔青霉菌生长,桉叶油和珊瑚姜油效果次之,分别在2和4μL／mL时完全抑制桔青霉菌生长,椒样薄荷油和花椒油效果较差,在4μL／mL时仍有少量霉菌生长,而迷迭香油在4μL／mL时仍有较多菌落生长。     

毛细管SDS无胶筛分电泳测定小分子多肽相对分子质量

目的建立快速毛细管SDS无胶筛分电泳法(SDS-NGS),测定小分子多肽相对分子质量。方法涂层毛细管(管长30cm,内径100μm);分离电压为9kV(300V/cm),分离温度为20℃;检测波长为214nm,检测时间为18min;所用SDS-多肽相对分子质量标准范围为2 512~16 949;以橙G(OG)为内标参照物。结果在相对分子质量2512~16949范围内,多肽相对分子质量的对数与其相对迁移率具有良好的线性关系(r=0.996);应用该方法测定了重组人奈西立肽、重组人表皮生长因子、虎纹镇痛肽、重组人心钠肽4种重组小分子多肽的相对分子质量,所测结果变异系数CV均小于3%。结论毛细管SDS无胶筛分电泳方便快速,灵敏度高,重现性好,结果准确,可作为小分子多肽相对分子质量的检测方法。     

中空纤维超滤膜分离聚乙二醇条件的研究

采用截留相对分子质量为6000的中空纤维超滤膜,对不同相对分子质量的聚乙二醇(PEG)溶液进行了截留实验。讨论了超滤对不同相对分子质量聚乙二醇的去除效果,研究了过滤时间、操作压力及料液质量浓度对聚乙二醇去除效果的影响。最佳分离条件为:操作压力0.05 MP,PEG相对分子质量20000,料液质量浓度100 mg/L,过滤时间5 min。     

乙环唑对柑橘青霉菌Penicillium italicum毒力的生物测定

就乙环唑对柑桔青霉病病菌的抑制毒力与万利得、扑霉灵、甲基托布津及多菌灵进行了比较测定.结果显示,9%乙环唑EC对柑橘青霉菌孢子萌发的最小抑制浓度为2.6μg/L,明显低于70%甲基托布津WP(70μg/L)和50%多菌灵WP(34μg/L),但高于50%万利得EC(0.8μg/L)和45%扑霉灵EC(1.4μg/L).9%乙环唑EC与50%万利得EC、45%扑霉灵EC混用均能够提高对柑橘青霉菌孢子萌发的抑制效力.9%乙环唑的抑菌毒力EC50=0.56μg/L,EC90=1.93μg/L,抑制效力比90%万利得EC低1.8倍左右.     

典型海洋霉菌腐蚀环境调查—以“东方红2”为例

采用合适的试验方法评价仪器设备的抗霉菌腐蚀特性以及采取适当的措施进行防霉保护是仪器设备研制过程中必须考虑的问题。介绍了典型海洋平台—"东方红2"船的霉菌腐蚀环境调查过程,结果显示"东方红2"船上的霉菌群落复杂,菌种多样,其中优势菌种为曲霉属、青霉属及链格孢属,该霉菌腐蚀环境足以影响平台上海洋仪器的可靠性。调查结果为制定适宜的霉菌试验方法及开展海洋仪器、材料的霉菌试验提供了参考。     

一种新型酿酒酵母固定化系统的建立

一种丝状真菌青霉菌被用来作为酿酒酵母的固定化材料,代替原来的物理学材料,当青霉菌被发酵产生的乙醇杀死之后,形成的微球体就可以用来继续后续的乙醇发酵。     

草酸青霉Penicillium oxalicum菌体吸附活性染料的性能及微观过程

研究了草酸青霉(Penicillium oxalicum)在模拟染料废水中以边生长边吸附的方式对活性翠蓝KN-G, M-GB, K-GL,活性黑K-BR、活性艳蓝M-BR、活性红紫K-3R和活性深蓝K-R 7种水溶性活性染料的脱色性能及吸附过程. 结果显示,生长菌体对7种活性染料具有良好的脱色性能,染料初始浓度为200 mg/L时,平均脱色率可达93.0%;染料初始浓度为400 mg/L时,活性翠蓝KN-G和M-GB的脱色率仍达到了99.7%和99.9%. 上清液的紫外光谱图及染料分子中铜离子浓度的检测结果表明,染料通过吸附方式从废水中去除. 通过SEM, TEM观察发现,生长菌体在吸附过程中,菌丝发生肿胀膨大,细胞壁发生结构重组,厚度增加10~15倍. 细胞壁的结构变化是生长菌体吸附染料的重要机制,为染料吸附提供位点和进入细胞内部的通道.     

Casuarina cunninghamiana Tissue Extracts Stimulate the Growth of Frankia and Differentially Alter the Growth of Other Soil Microorganisms

Aqueous extracts of host plant Casuarina cunninghamiana tissue altered the in vitro growth of its diazotrophic microsymbiont Frankia and a selection of other soil microorganisms. The growth of actinomycetous Frankia strains, 55005. AvcI1, CesI5, CjI82 001, and Cj was stimulated by aqueous extracts of C. cunninghamiana tissue. Green cladodes (photosynthetic branches), unsuberized roots, and suberized roots were more stimulatory than dry cladodes and seed tissue. Aqueous extracts of green cladodes of C. cunninghamiana most stimulated the growth of Casuarina-derived Frankia strains CjI82 001 and 55005. The growth of isolates of soil bacteria Bradyrhizobium japonicum, Arthrobacter globiformis and Bacillus subtillis and of the soil fungi Penicillium oxalicum and Arthroderma cookiellum was either inhibited or not affected by cladode extracts. Cladode extracts stimulated the growth of the actinomycete Streptomyces albus and the fungus Rhizopus homothallicus. The magnitude (as great as 100%) of the increase in growth caused by tissue extracts for the Casuarina-derived Frankia strains relative to other soil microbes suggests a host-specific enhancement of the microsymbiont.     

Separation,Purification and Characterization of Three Endo-polygalacturonases from a Newly Isolated Penicillum oxalicum

Three endo-polygalacturonases (endoPGs) from a newly isolated Penicillum oxalicum (CGMCC 0907) capable of utilizing waste biomass as growth substrate were separated and purified to homogeneity by ultra-filtration, affinity adsorption chromatography, CM-cellulose column chromatography, and Sephadex G-100 gel filtration chromatography with the overall yield of 64.5% from the crude enzyme. The specific activities and recovery rates of endoPG-1, endoPG-2 and endoPG-3 were 1120 U/mg and 21.6%, 1350 U/mg and 25.9%, and 1560 U/mg and 17.0%, respectively. The three purified endoPGs had a close molecular weight to 41 kDa as estimated by SDS-PAGE. The optimum temperature and pH for the function of them were 65℃ and 5.0, 55℃ and 5.0, 50℃ and 5.5, respectively. Their pI and Km values were 5.9 and 0.78 mg/mL, 6.0 and 1.2 mg/mL, and 6.1 and 2.0 mg/mL, respectively.     

Accelerator Analysis of Tributyltin Adsorbed onto the Surface of a Tributyltin Resistant Marine Pseudoalteromonas sp. Cell

Tributyltin (TBT) released into seawater from ship hulls is a stable marine pollutant and obviously remains in marine environments. We isolated a TBT resistant marine Pseudoalteromonas sp. TBT1 from sediment of a ship’s ballast water. The isolate (10^{9.3 ± 0.2} colony-forming units mL⁻¹) adsorbed TBT in proportion to the concentrations of TBTCl externally added up to 3 mM, where the number of TBT adsorbed by a single cell was estimated to be 10^8.2. The value was reduced to about one-fifth when the lysozyme-treated cells were used. The surface of ethanol treated cells became rough, but the capacity of TBT adsorption was the same as that for native cells. These results indicate that the function of the cell surface, rather than that structure, plays an important role to the adsorption of TBT. The adsorption state of TBT seems to be multi-layer when the number of more than 10^6.8 TBT molecules is adsorbed by a single cell.     

Preparation of a surface molecular‐imprinted adsorbent for Ni2+ based on Penicillium chrysogenum

A new chitosan molecular‐imprinted adsorbent was prepared from the mycelium of waste biomass. The results showed that an adsorbent using Penicillium chrysogenum mycelium as the core material was better than one derived from peanut coat. The adsorption capacity of the surface‐imprinted adsorbent for Ni²⁺ was enhanced by increasing the chitosan concentration in the imprinting process. Epichlorohydrin was better than glutaraldehyde as a cross‐linking agent; the optimal imprinted Ni²⁺ concentration for preparing the surface‐imprinted adsorbent was 2 mg (Ni²⁺) g^?1 of mycelium. The adsorption capacity of the surface‐imprinted adsorbent was 42 mg g^?1 (at 200 mg dm^?3 initial metal ions concentration) and twice that of the mycelium adsorbent. The surface‐imprinted adsorbent can be reused for up to 15 cycles without loss of adsorption capacity. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry     

Adsorptive Removal of 2-Nitrophenol and 2-Chlorophenol by Cross-Linked Algae from Aqueous Solutions

Abstract

The use of the cross-linked marine seaweeds Lessonia nigrescens Bory and Macrocystis integrifolia Bory to remove 2-nitrophenol and 2-chlorophenol from aqueous solutions at room temperature was investigated. The effect of the initial pH, adsorbent dose, and initial concentration of the pollutant were evaluated in batch experiments. The mathematical adsorption models of Langmuir and Freundlich show a mixed adsorptive mechanism of both phenolic compounds by the algae. The calculated parameters demonstrate a high adsorbent to pollutant affinity ratio, indicating the potential effectiveness of these marine seaweeds in the removal of these phenolic compounds from diluted aqueous solutions.     

卤水脱色的几种方式方法对比

论述了海洋化工生产过程中对原料卤水进行脱色的方式方法,通过对比物理吸附法、化学氧化法、膜分离法等几种方式方法的对比找出最适合卤水脱色的工艺方法。     

The Development of Filter Media Using Plant and Marine Waste for Virus Removal from Drinking Water

Abstract:

Two natural wastes, palm leaves and shrimp shells, were purified and tested for their efficiency in adsorbing enteroviruses from drinking water. The chemical modification of marine waste was evaluated to prepare carboxymethyl chitin, while O-carboxymethyl chitosan was prepared by deacetylation of the carboxymethyl chitin to improve the adsorption of viruses from drinking water. The role of the reaction parameters such as temperature, time, concentration of alkali and etherified agent, and the material-to-liquor ratio were examined. Also, the effect of pH on the adsorption efficiency of enteroviruses in modified waste was evaluated. The results showed that raw palm leaves and O-carboxymethyl chitosan prepared as filter matrix exhibited a better adsorption efficiency in a wide range of pH levels. They can be used to adsorb viruses directly from tap water at ambient pH values without having multivalent-containing salts or adjusting the pH of tap water.     

Modeling of chloride ion ingress in coastal concrete

The behavior of chloride ions introduced into concrete from concrete surface by marine environment and by use of marine aggregate was analyzed for a coastal concrete structure. A mathematical model including the diffusion of chloride ion in aqueous phase of pores, the adsorption and desorption of chloride ions to and from the surface of solid phase of concrete, and the chemical reactions of chloride ions with solid phase was presented. Finite element method was employed to carry out numerical analysis. Quantitative analysis was conducted to measure the distribution of the free chloride ion concentration in aqueous phase of concrete with potentiometric titration based on ASTM D 1820. The concentration profiles of chloride ions predicted by the mathematical model agreed favorably with the measured data. The results of this study may be used to predict the onset of reinforcement corrosion and to identify the maximum limit of chloride ions contained in concrete admixtures.