循环流化床中C类颗粒的干燥

为将循环流化床(CFB)技术应用于C类颗粒(＜30μm)的干燥,在自建的循环流化床(内径0.104 m×高2.35 m)内,以玉米淀粉(dp=8 μm,ρp=800 kg/m3)为研究对象,考察了不同操作参数对其干燥特性及干湿分离情况的影响.结果表明:循环流化床适用于C类颗粒的干燥;干燥速率随气速及进风温度的增大而增大...     

循环流化床C类颗粒干燥特性研究

在循环流化床(CFB,内径0.104 m×高2.35 m)内,以淀粉、碳酸钙、氧化铝为对象,研究物料特性对循环流化床干燥速率和分离速率的影响;以氧化铝为对象,研究粒径和干燥介质湿度对循环流化床干燥和分离特性的影响。结果表明:循环流化床适用于不同特性的C类颗粒干燥和分离;碳酸钙干燥速率较大、易分离,氧化铝和玉米淀粉干燥速率较小;气速对玉米淀粉和氧化铝的干燥速率影响较大;在实验操作范围内平均干燥速率和分离速率随粒径增大而增加,随干燥介质湿度增加而降低。     

下行床弧面锥体气固分离装置的分离效率实验

以FCC颗粒为物料，实验研究了在气固并流下行循环流化床(f=37 mm, H=5 m)中，气固两相分离装置的结构、颗粒循环量、表观操作气速对分离器气固分离效率的影响. 结果表明，在气固并流下行系统中，采用弧面锥体气固分离装置，内加导流板，在气速为1~5 m/s，颗粒循环速率20~90 kg/(m2.s)条件下，可使气固分离效率达到99%以上，压力损失小于500 Pa.     

循环流化床研究进展

循环流化床作为反应器或接触器具有其它多相反应器不可比拟的优势,在社会生产中发挥着重要作用。本文综述了气固循环流化床的发展、主要应用工艺、反应器型式及人们对气固循环流化床反应器关键结构、流体力学、传热和传质方面的研究。简单介绍了液固及气液固三相循环流化床的研究和应用。     

(气)-液-固循环流化床的研究进展

液-固(L-s)和气-液-固(G-L-s)循环流化床与传统流化床相比具有许多优点。但对L-S和G-L-S循环流化床的研究报道与气一固循环流化床相比较少。由于新加工过程和生物技术的兴起．拓宽了L-S和G-L-S循环流化床的应用新领域。为了理解和掌握这两种液相循环流化床的流动特性,对其近期的研究进展进行了回顾,并对其在生物化工中的应用前景进行了展望。     

气固循环流化床颗粒浓度波动信号的预测

结合重构相空间方法与人工神经网络法，建立了混沌时间序列预测模型. 应用此模型对f100 mm?16 m的上行气固循环流化床系统中的FCC固体颗粒局部颗粒浓度波动信号进行了预测. 结果表明：循环流化床的颗粒浓度波动信号只能被短期预测，其长期行为是不可预测的，这从另一个角度说明气固循环流化床系统是一混沌系统.     

流化床-提升管耦合反应器内固含率的轴向分布及流动发展

在耦合流化床反应器大型冷模实验装置上,考察了不同表观气速下FCC颗粒在耦合流化床内截面平均密度的轴向分布. 结果表明,反应器轴向固含率可分为底部流化床区域和上部提升管区域. 前者的密相区平均固含率随表观气速增大而减小;后者的平均固含率随表观气速Ug增大而增大,Ug<0.58 m/s时固含率分布均匀,Ug=0.70~1.04 m/s时提升管出口出现约束返混区(>8.62 m),Ug>1.16 m/s时提升管底部出现密度重整区(3.82~4.57 m)、加速平稳区(4.57~8.62 m)和出口返混区(>8.62 m). 确定了耦合反应器内提升管区域截面平均固含率的影响参数,并利用实验数据回归了平均固含率的轴向分布经验模型,计算值与实验值吻合较好.     

气固搅拌流化床流化和干燥特性实验研究

通过测定不同搅拌速度、床层高度下床层压降与表观气速间的关系,研究了水平桨气固搅拌流化床的流化特性。实验表明,搅拌增强了气固接触,明显改善了流化床的流化质量。对不同气速、不同搅拌速度下气固流化床的干燥特性进行了实验研究,结果表明,搅拌能加快流化床的传热速率,提高干燥速度。     

液体粘度对气液固三相循环流化床颗粒循环速度和流型特征速度的影响

实验的三相循环流化床以玻璃珠 (dp = 0.48 mm, ρs = 2460 kg(m(3) 和苯乙烯颗粒 (dp = 1.45mm, ρs = 1264 kg(m(3)为固相,空气为气相,水、0.05%、0.20% (mass) CMCS (羧甲基纤维素钠)水溶液为液相.实验研究了液体粘度、表观液体速度、表观气体速度、辅助液体速度及颗粒密度对颗粒循环速度的影响.随着液体粘度的增加,颗粒循环速度增加;随着表观液体速度和辅助液体速度增加,颗粒循环速度都增加;随着表观气体速度的增加,颗粒循环速度减小.低密度颗粒系统同高密度颗粒系统相比,低密度颗粒系统能提前从三相传统流型进入三相循环流型.实验还研究了液体粘度对低密度颗粒的起始液体速度和过渡液体速度的影响,为得到三相循环流化床的流型图提供了可靠的依据.     

气-固循环流化床的流动特性

循环流化床是一种新型高效无气泡气-固反应器,应用广泛。文章首先介绍了气-固循环流化床的特点,总结了循环流化床上部区域的流动特性,并讨论了循环流化床底部区域的流动特性,最后展望了循环流化床流动特性研究的发展趋势。     

Drying characteristics of millet in a continuous multistage fluidized bed

The effects of gas velocity, inlet gas temperature and the solid feed rate on the drying efficiency, the outlet solid moisture content, bed temperature in each stage, the outlet gas humidity and temperature in a rectangular acryl multistage fluidized bed (0.172 m×0.192 m×1.5 m-high) with a downcomer (0.04 m-I.D.) were investigated. The experiments were performed by using 1.9 mm millet particles. The final moisture contents of the solids increased with increasing the solid feed rate. The drying efficiency increased with increasing the wetted solid feed rate but decreased with increasing the inlet gas temperature. The drying performance of the multistage fluidized bed was compared with the single-stage fluidized bed and found to be superior under identical operation conditions. The model predicted values were well matched with the experimental data in the multistage fluidized bed dryer. This paper is dedicated to Professor Dong Sup Doh on the occasion of his retirement from Korea University.     

DRYING CHARACTERISTICS OF CORN IN FLUIDIZED BED DRYER

A batch fluidized bed dryer was carried out for corn drying. Drying characteristics of corn were investigated The experimental results indicated that moisture transfer inside a corn kernel was controlled by internal diffusion by the following conditions : inlet hot air temperatures of 120 - 200 °C, superficial air velocities of 2.2- 4 m/s, bed depths of 4 - 12 cm, fraction of air recycled of 0.5 -0.9 and initial moisture content of corn of 43 % dry-basis. The Wang and Sing equation could describe in accordance with the results. Inlet hot air temperature and specific air flow rate were independent variables for drying constant model in the Wang and Singh equation.     

DRYING CHARACTERISTICS OF CORN IN FLUIDIZED BED DRYER

ABSTRACT

A batch fluidized bed dryer was carried out for corn drying. Drying characteristics of corn were investigated The experimental results indicated that moisture transfer inside a corn kernel was controlled by internal diffusion by the following conditions : inlet hot air temperatures of 120 - 200 °C, superficial air velocities of 2.2- 4 m/s, bed depths of 4 - 12 cm, fraction of air recycled of 0.5 -0.9 and initial moisture content of corn of 43 % dry-basis. The Wang and Sing equation could describe in accordance with the results. Inlet hot air temperature and specific air flow rate were independent variables for drying constant model in the Wang and Singh equation.     

Drying characteristics of starch in an inert medium fluidized bed

The effects of gas velocity (0.32 to 0.67 m/s), inlet gas temperature (25 to 100 °C) and the mass ratio of starch to inert particles (0.1 to 0.4) on the drying rate of starch in a 0.083 m-ID × 0.80 m-high inert medium fluidized bed were investigated. The drying mechanism in an inert medium fluidized bed can be classified into adhesion-dispersion, evaporation and disintegration steps. The drying rate increases with the increasing inlet gas temperature and velocity; the rates being about 10 times those reported for an agitated pan dryer. However, the drying rate decreases slightly as the mass ratio of starch to inert particles increases. Also, the drying rate exhibits a maximum at an optimum bed porosity. The drying rate data obtained in an inert medium fluidized bed have been correlated with the relevant dimensionless groups, i.e. Stefan and particle Reynolds numbers based on the theory of isotropic turbulence.     

RESIDENCE TIME DISTRIBUTION AND DRYING CHARACTERISTICS OF A CONTINOUS VIBRO-FLUIDIZED BED

An experimental study of the residence tine distribution and drying characteristics of a continous pilot-plant vibrated fluidized bed dryer(the air distributor plate is 1.50 m in length and 0.24 m in width) is presented and discussed. Operating variables in the study included: vibration intensity, mass flow rate of air, granules feed rate, inlet air temperature and particle size. It was inferred from the experimental results that the flow of particles in the continous VFB could be considered as plug flow. Among the variables considered, vibration intensity was identified as the most significant factor to affect particle mean residence time, particle diffusivity and constant drying rate for the bed of wheat particulates and instant pharmaceutical BYN granules.     

离心流化床干燥过程中传热传质的数值模拟

通过对典型的多孔湿物料在离心流化床中干燥过程的理论分析和实验研究 ,首次将含湿多孔介质传热传质过程和物料与气流之间的外部传递过程相耦合 ,导出了离心流化床的理论模型和控制方程组 ,对于离心流化床中湿物料的干燥过程引进了数值模拟 ,结果表明增加气体表观流速、控制入口气体的温度和相对湿度以及加大床体转速均对干燥有不同的影响     

Combined Microwave/Fluidized Bed Drying of Fresh Peppercorns

A fluidized bed dryer (FBD) and a combined microwave/fluidized bed dryer (CMFD) are used to dry the fresh ripe peppercorns. The average moisture content vs. elapsed drying time, and drying rate vs. average moisture content are experimentally investigated. It is found that the microwave field from the CMFD can increase the potential of the conventional fluidized bed drying. The drying rates of both dryers are dependent on the inlet air temperature and velocity. For the CMFD, the effects of the air velocity on the drying rate are found to be opposite to our previous results tested with white pepper seeds i.e., the drying rates of the fresh ripe peppercorns decreased with increasing air velocity. By using a CMFD, the drying time required to reach the desired moisture content can be reduced to 80-90% of the drying time required for a FBD at the same drying air temperature and velocity. The color of the product dried by a CMFD is also attractive: it becomes flaming yellow, instead of black as obtained from a FBD. The physical structure of the peppercorn, before and after the drying process is also investigated by a metallurgical macroscope and an image analyzer. Different from drying by a FBD, the external form and matter of the white pepper seed are still maintained, even after passing through the drying process.     

Analysis of the drying process of a biopolymer (poly-hydroxybutyrate) in rotating-pulsed fluidized bed

A rotating-pulsed fluidized bed (RPFB) dryer was employed to conduct the drying of poly-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) cohesive granules. Along the experiments, it was possible to identify, visually, 3 different dynamic regimes that were related with the temperature profile, the drying kinetics and the fluid dynamic behavior. The drying kinetics of PHB showed a short constant drying rate period followed by a decreasing drying rate period. The constant drying rate (N_c) and final moisture content (dry basis) were related to the rotation frequency (responsible for the pulsation effect), temperature and velocity of the inlet air. Furthermore, measurements of molecular mass (gel permeation chromatography analysis) and Carr Index (flowability test) on PHB samples were done before and after the drying. The RPFB dryer showed to be appropriate to dry the PHB granules, resulting in an excellent fluid dynamic behavior that provided uniform drying of the solid. The best conditions of drying were identified at 7 Hz of rotation frequency, 90 °C and 0.55 m/s of inlet air temperature and velocity. At these conditions the dried PHB reached final moisture content of 0.56% (wet basis) after 2 h of drying.     

Combined Microwave/Fluidized Bed Drying of Fresh Peppercorns

Abstract

A fluidized bed dryer (FBD) and a combined microwave/fluidized bed dryer (CMFD) are used to dry the fresh ripe peppercorns. The average moisture content vs. elapsed drying time, and drying rate vs. average moisture content are experimentally investigated. It is found that the microwave field from the CMFD can increase the potential of the conventional fluidized bed drying. The drying rates of both dryers are dependent on the inlet air temperature and velocity. For the CMFD, the effects of the air velocity on the drying rate are found to be opposite to our previous results tested with white pepper seeds i.e., the drying rates of the fresh ripe peppercorns decreased with increasing air velocity. By using a CMFD, the drying time required to reach the desired moisture content can be reduced to 80–90% of the drying time required for a FBD at the same drying air temperature and velocity. The color of the product dried by a CMFD is also attractive: it becomes flaming yellow, instead of black as obtained from a FBD. The physical structure of the peppercorn, before and after the drying process is also investigated by a metallurgical macroscope and an image analyzer. Different from drying by a FBD, the external form and matter of the white pepper seed are still maintained, even after passing through the drying process.