上海太阳能船将替代手摇渡船

日前，青浦南新渡渡口用玻璃铜太阳能电动船，替代原有的手摇渡船。上海市郊有部分群众依赖渡船出行，现15个渡口30艘渡船的改造工程已全部结束．市郊居民的出行将更加安全、便捷和舒适，从此结束了上海手摇船的历史使命。     

太阳能利用技术和陶瓷

<正> 1 前言 80年代以来,特别是最近几年中太阳能利用的研究及开发在世界各国相当活跃,成为寻求最佳能源资源的一个热点。太阳能的利用,大致分为利用低温热的太阳冷暖房、热水技术和利用高温热的太阳能发电技术两种。作为太阳能取暖住宅的低温技术在许多国家已经达到了力求普及的阶段。现在这种利用技术不仅用于一般居民住宅,而且正     

世界太阳能开发利用技术发展趋势

太原能是地球上最主要的能量来源,也是洁净、安全、可持续供应、应用最广、最具开发利用前景的可再生能源而倍受世界各国的关注。太阳能的开发利用,并非指太阳普照大地的自然恩赐,而是指人类依靠科学技术进步,通过各种先进的技术设备把太阳源源不断地传送到地球上的巨大的能量,转换成热能、机械能、电能等能源,以满足人类经济社会对能源的需求,将成为21世纪的主要能源之一。     

太阳能与照明

介绍了国内外太阳能光电技术的发展概况,阐述了发展我国太阳能光电照明系统的重要意义,并讨论了目前存在的问题和对策。     

太阳能灯具问题解析

随着光伏发电技术的发展，太阳能照明灯具已经在太阳能应用产品中显露头角，并正在引起更多人的关注。太阳能照明灯具通常分为：太阳能草坪灯、太阳能庭院灯、太阳能路灯等。虽然受成本、稳定性等因素制约，尚未大规模推广，但它的前途是非常光明的。太阳能灯具的核心技术：一是低功耗、高亮度、长寿命的光源技术；二是太阳电池为蓄电池最佳充放电技术。这两个方向性的问题解决好了，很多问题也就应刃而解了。     

我国太阳能开发利用的现状及建议

阐述了我国太阳能开发利用的成功之处,及存在的诸多问题和不足,在综合分析我国太阳能开发利用现状的基础上,对进一步发展我国太阳能产业提出了几点建议。     

多姿多彩的太阳能

一、概 述 太阳能惠及普天之下,除了核能、地热和潮汐能之外,几乎所有的能源都源于太阳。     

太阳能利用与建筑设计相结合——让千家万户都能用上太阳能

一前言太阳能应用技术本来就和建筑技术密不可分,但往往二者脱节。太阳能工程师考虑的是太阳能本身的技术应用,建筑工程师往往考虑建筑物的安全和美学原则,看似难以统一。人们有时见到建筑物上     

Energy management strategies for a zero-emission hybrid domestic ferry

The paper presents three approaches for the sizing and control of a maritime hybrid power-plant equipped with proton exchange membrane fuel cells and batteries. The study focuses on three different power-plant configurations, including the energy management strategy and the power-plant component sizing. The components sizing is performed following the definition of the energy management strategy using the sequential optimization approach. These configurations are tested using a dynamic model developed in Simulink. The simulations are carried out to validate the technical feasibility of each configuration for maritime use. Each energy management strategy is developed to allow for the optimization of a chosen set of parameters, such as hydrogen consumption and fuel cell degradation. It is observed that in the hybrid power-plant optimization there are always trade-offs, and the optimization should be carried out by prioritizing primary factors the ship owner considers most important for day-to-day operations.     

Concept risk assessment of a hydrogen driven high speed passenger ferry

A concept risk assessment of a hydrogen and fuel cell driven high speed passenger ferry has been performed. The study focused on fatality risk related to the hydrogen systems on the vessel, both during operation and while moored in harbour overnight. The main objective with the study was to evaluate whether the risk related to the hydrogen systems is equivalent to that of conventionally fuelled vessels and can be considered acceptable according to the requirements of the IGF-code (International Code of Safety for Ships Using Gases or Other Low-flashpoint Fuels). Since hydrogen behaves differently than other flammable gases, some adjustments to existing models and vulnerability criteria have been proposed. The conclusion of the study is that the estimated risk related to hydrogen systems is relatively low, and much lower than the expected acceptable risk tolerance level of 0.5–1.0 fatalities per 10⁹ passenger km. Furthermore, for the overnight mooring in harbour the estimated risks are well within acceptable limits. The work presented is part of a maritime case study performed within MoZEES, a Norwegian research centre for environmentally friendly technology and zero emission transport.     

Modelling and simulation of a zero-emission hybrid power plant for a domestic ferry

This paper presents a simulation tool for marine hybrid power-plants equipped with polymer exchange membrane fuel cells and batteries. The virtual model, through the combination of operational data and dynamically modelled subsystems, can simulate power-plants of different sizes and configurations, in order to analyze the response of different energy management strategies. The model aims to replicate the realistic behavior of the components included in the vessel's grid, to asses if the hardware selected by the user is capable of delivering the power set-point requested by the energy management system. The model can then be used to optimize key factors such as hydrogen consumption. The case study presented in the paper demonstrates how the model can be used for the evaluation of a retrofitting operation, replacing a diesel electric power-plant with fuel cells and batteries. The vessel taken into consideration is a domestic ferry, operating car and passenger transport in Denmark. The vessel is outfitted with a diesel electric plant and an alternative hybrid power-plant is proposed. The hybrid configuration is tested using the model in a discrete time-domain.     

Uncertainty analysis of the optimal health-conscious operation of a hybrid PEMFC coastal ferry

Hydrogen fueled Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells/Lithium-Ion Battery powertrains could be a promising solution for zero-local-emission shipping. The power allocation between PEMFC and LIB and their respective performance degradation play a crucial role in reducing the powertrain operating and maintenance costs. While several research works proposed energy management strategies to face these issues, a long-term operation optimization including the uncertainty in the input parameters of the model has not been extensively addressed. To this purpose, this study couples an operation optimization model of a PEMFC/LIB ferry propulsion system with a Monte-Carlo analysis to investigate the influence of PEMFC, LIB and hydrogen costs on the optimal operation of a hydrogen-powered ferry in the long-term. Hydrogen cost results to be the most influent parameter, in particular toward the end of the plant lifetime, when hydrogen consumption increases by up to 30%. Nevertheless, the variability of optimal ferry operation gradually decreases with the progressive PEMFC/LIB degradation.     

Hybrid fuel cell and battery propulsion system modelling and multi-objective optimisation for a coastal ferry

Efforts from all sectors of society including the shipping industry are needed to limit the overall global temperature rise to within 2°C of pre-industrial levels by 2050. The hybridisation of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC) and Lithium-ion batteries for coastal ship propulsion systems may potentially offer beneficial emission performance. However, such hybrid systems are constrained by power and energy density limitations, lifetime; and costs as well as life-cycle emissions of alternative fuel/energy. There is a lack of holistic design methodology dealing with these uncertainties in the literature. This paper proposes a holistic design methodology for coastal hybrid ships based upon a developed model. The power source sizing problem is solved using constrained mixed-integer multi-objective optimisation in the external layer. The global optimum energy management strategies for an averaged operating profile are obtained from deterministic dynamic programming in the inner layer, while considering power source degradations in the sizing algorithm. The proposed methodology was applied to a coastal ferry to investigate the feasibility and benefit potential of adopting the hybrid PEMFC and battery propulsion system in Matlab. The case studies indicate that the proposed propulsion system can achieve at least a 65% life-cycle greenhouse gas reduction for the considered two cases.     

阳光帆船

扬起帆的船，在风的推动下，可以在浩瀚的海洋里航行；是否能有一种“阳光帆船”，利用太阳光的推动，也可以在宇宙间航行呢？日本太空科学研究所的科学家回答：可以。原来，光除了具备波性质，也拥有粒子性质，光的粒子(光子)碰撞到阳     

Solar Chimneys

The design and construction of the solar chimney pilot plant in Manzanares, and the investigations described below, were commissioned by the Minister of Research and Technology of the Federal Republic of Germany. The work was supervised by the energy research project management department of Kernforschungsanlage Jülich GmbH (The Jülich Nuclear Research Establishment).

The present paper communicates preliminary test results from the solar chimney pilot plant described in (1). This, the first solar chimney power plant in the world, was commissioned on 7 June 1982 and has been in continuous operation since then. Individual energy balances, collector efficiency values, pressure losses due to friction and losses in the turbine section are discussed with reference to 24-hour records. The findings agree well with results obtained hitherto in model calculations.