重金属强化含金矿石的氰化浸出

通过分析铊、铋、汞和铅等重金属强化金氰化溶解的电化学原理,对含金氧化物矿石和难浸硫化物金精矿进行了重金属强化浸金研究.结果表明:重金属对金氰化溶解的阳极过程有显著的强化作用,但在常规供氧条件下,金的溶解速率并未显著提高;只有同时采用阴极强化措施,才能使重金属起到显著提高金溶解速率的作用;对于含金氧化物矿石,单独采用重金属强化即可明显提高浸金速率,如果在过氧化氢助浸的基础上添加重金属,金的浸出速率会有更大幅度的提高;对硫化物金精矿而言,单独采用重金属无明显强化效果,只有在添加过氧化氢作为辅助氧化剂的基础上,重金属对金的浸出才能起到强化的作用,该体系中过氧化氢起到了强化阴极过程和氧化硫化物的双重作用.     

Co-intensification of cyanide leaching gold by mercury ions and oxidant

The effects of mercury ions on gold cyanidation were studied. The results show that under low cyanide concentration, gold cyanide process is controlled by CN^? transfer, while at higher cyanide concentration, there forms passivation on gold surface. Therefore, chemical oxidation of gold in cyanide solution of higher concentration is controlled by surface reaction. Small quantity of additions of mercury ions bring about great increases in anodic gold dissolution rate, decreases the passivation and reduces the equilibrium activated energy. In addition, they also markedly change the effect pattern of cyanide concentration. Mercury ions show positive effects on cathodic reduction of oxygen and raise the rate of electrochemical step of the cathodic reduction of oxygen. Addition of a certain amount of hydrogen peroxide is confirmed to be an effective way for intensification of cathodic process on gold electrode. Active potential range and current peak on anodic dissolution are enlarged when being co-intensified with Hg²⁺ and hydrogen peroxide. Co-intensifying effect may be obtained and gold leaching rate is considerably increased on cyanide leaching of gold from gold concentrates.     

Use of ferricyanide for gold and silver cyanidation

Low gold and silver leaching kinetics has been commonly observed in traditional gold-silver cyanidation process, especially in heap leaching and in situ leaching operations. The different mineralogy of gold and silver in the ores is suspected to be the main reason, e.g., the occurrence of low solubility acanthite (Ag2S) typically results in low overall silver extraction. Due to the low solubility of oxygen in cyanide solution, the reactivity and availability of oxidant is believed to be the critical limitation for gold and silver dissolution. The use of ferricyanide as the auxiliary oxidant for gold and silver cyanidation has been examined. The rotating disc test results prove the assistant effect of ferricyanide on increasing the dissolution rate of gold and silver. The potential use of ferricyanide in gold/silver cyanidation process is proposed based on the leaching results of actual ores.     

Review of gold leaching in thiosulfate-based solutions

Numerous non-cyanide leaching lixiviants have been developed, among which thiosulfate is considered the most promising alternative to cyanide due to its non-toxicity, low price, high leaching rate and excellent characteristics in dealing with carbonaceous and copper-bearing gold ores. The traditional copper−ammonia−thiosulfate system has been studied extensively. However, with many years of process development, there are still some problems and challenges with this gold leaching system. A series of studies using nickel-, cobalt- and ferric-based catalyst to substitute copper have been conducted with the purpose of reducing the consumption of thiosulfate. A variety of non-ammonia thiosulfate leaching systems including oxygen−thiosulfate, copper−thiosulfate, copper−EDA−thiosulfate, ferric− EDTA−thiosulfate, and ferric−oxalate−thiosulfate leaching systems have been also developed to eliminate the potential side-effect of ammonia. In this review, the basic theory and process development of some main gold leaching systems based on thiosulfate solutions were systematically summarized to illustrate the research status on thiosulfate leaching process. The potential effects of various additives such as organic ligands containing amino, carboxyl or hydroxy functional groups on gold thiosulfate leaching were described in detail. The potential opportunity and challenge for promoting the industrial development of thiosulfate-based gold leaching systems were also discussed.     

采用Na2SO3溶液从硒渣中选择性浸出Se及其动力学

采用SO2还原沉金后液制得硒渣,再用Na2SO3选择性浸出硒渣,使Se得到有效分离;通过研究浸出过程中Se浸出率随时间的变化,建立该反应的动力学方程,确定Na2SO3溶液浓度、液固比、搅拌速度及反应温度对Se浸出率的影响,并计算相应的表观活化能。结果表明:增加Na2SO3溶液浓度和升高反应温度可以较大幅度提高Se的浸出率,液固比和搅拌速度对浸出Se的影响较小;Na2SO3浸出Se过程为Avrami模型混合控制,其特征参数n和表观活化能E分别为0.235和20.847 kJ/mol,Se的浸出率受反应温度的影响较大。     

某氰化渣的改性石硫合剂法浸金研究

某氰化渣中金的品位为12.03 g/t,氰化渣里游离金的颗粒极细,并且被铁氧化物包裹,难以解离,属于难浸类金矿。采用改性石硫合剂对氰化渣进行了浸金研究,考察了超细磨时间、氧化剂用量、矿浆p H和搅拌时间对金浸出率的影响。优化实验条件为:超细磨时间2 h、氧化剂Ca O2用量0.78 g/500 g、矿浆p H≈11.5、液固比2:1、搅拌浸出时间24 h,金的浸出率达78.57%。     

提高陕西某黄金冶炼厂金浸出率的研究与实践

为提高某矿山氰化浸金率,降低尾渣金品位,提高矿粉日处理量,考察了球磨时间、液固比、浸出时间、氰化钠浓度对金浸出率的影响。结果表明,以NaOH作保护碱,在NaCN浓度0.25%,液固比1.5：1,浸出时间48 h,矿粉粒度-325目占94.17%的条件下,金的浸出率可达97.80%,尾渣金品位小于1.5 g/t。根据实验结果,对现有生产工艺流程和设备进行改造,通过改变加料方式,调整球磨机转速,增加磨矿次数、分级次数和浸出槽数目,各项生产技术指标得到明显提升。     

Effect of temperature,oxygen partial pressure and calcium lignosulphonate on chalcopyrite dissolution in sulfuric acid solution

The pressure leaching mechanism of chalcopyrite was studied by both leaching tests and in-situ electrochemical measurements. The effects of leaching temperature, oxygen partial pressure, and calcium lignosulphonate, on copper extraction and iron extraction of chalcopyrite pressure leaching were investigated. The leaching rate is accelerated by increasing the leaching temperature from 120 to 150 °C and increasing oxygen partial pressure to 0.7 MPa. The release of iron is faster than that of copper due to the formation of iron-depleted sulfides. Under the optimal leaching conditions without calcium lignosulphonate, the copper and iron extraction rates are 79% and 81%, respectively. The leaching process is mixedly controlled by surface reaction and product layer diffusion with an activation energy of 36.61 kJ/mol. Calcium lignosulphonate can effectively remove the sulfur passive layer, and the activation energy is 45.59 kJ/mol, suggesting that the leaching process with calcium lignosulphonate is controlled by surface chemical reactions. Elemental sulfur is the main leaching product, which is mixed with iron-depleted sulfides and leads to the passivation of chalcopyrite. Electrochemical studies suggest that increasing the oxygen partial pressure leads to increasing the cathodic reaction rate and weakening the passivation of chalcopyrite.     

硫脲浸金电化学行为研究

采用循环伏安法(CV)、Tafel曲线和差分脉冲伏安法(DPV)等电化学方法对模拟硫脲浸金体系进行了研究.结果表明,硫脲浓度范围为0.005～0.04 mol/L,浓度增大有利于金的浸出;在Fe3+浓度为0.01～0.08 mol/L范围内,随着Fe3+浓度的增大,金腐蚀电位负移,腐蚀电流变大;适度升温可以提高金的腐蚀...     

焙烧预处理过程中硫的转化对浸金的影响

以贵州某卡林型金矿为悁究对象,采用XRD、化恘分析等方法,探索了焙烧预处理过程中焙烧温度、焙烧时间对硫转化率与金浸出率之间相互影响规律。结果表明,在700℃温度下,焙烧1.5~2 h,可以充分打开金的硫化物包裹,浸出率近90%;硫转化率由83.01%升高至91.02%,金浸出率与硫转化率基本呈线性正相关关系,相关系数r=0.93517。     

一种新的添加剂(Re-1)在硫脲浸金中的应用

报道了一种用于硫脲法浸金过程的新的Re－1型溶金添加剂,实验证实该添加剂可以改善硫脲浸金液状态,降低浸液硫脲浓度,提高金出率。可使含砷硫化原生矿的一次金浸出率达到89％以上。同时,测定了工艺的最佳条件并讨论了Re－1添加剂对浸金机理的影响。     

某微细粒砷黄铁矿包裹金矿的非氰浸出研究

采用非氰浸化剂(石硫合剂)对含金为2.47 g/t的甘肃某微细粒砷黄铁矿包裹金矿进行浸出试验,研究预处理方式和浸出工艺对金浸出率的影响。结果表明,石硫合剂对金的直接搅拌浸出率低于30%,该矿属难浸金矿石;采用边磨边浸-搅拌浸出的方式,浸出率可提升至68.4%;增加碱式预氧化处理,可将金的浸出率进一步提升到80%以上。采用最优的工艺,边磨边碱式预氧化36 h,经石硫合剂搅拌浸出5 h,金的浸出率可达到91.5%。     

草酸配位浸出二段焙砂中包裹金的赤铁矿

草酸根(ox^2-)对三价铁具有强的配位能力,可用草酸配位浸出二段焙砂中包裹金的赤铁矿,提高金的回收率。考察了草酸用量、液固比、浸出温度和时间对二段焙砂中铁浸出率的影响。结果表明,用1.17倍理论量的草酸在液固比为12 mL/g时于90℃浸出2 h,铁浸出率达到75.8%以上。除铁渣进一步氰化浸出,渣中金品位为8.8 g/t,低于直接氰化浸出渣12.3 g/t的金品位。草酸浸出液主要成分为具有光催化活性的Fe(ox)⁺和Fe(ox)2^-,可采用光催化法回收铁、再生草酸,再生的草酸可返回浸铁过程。     

微细浸染型金矿强化湿法预处理研究

采用两段充气预处理-非氰化工艺浸出微细浸染型金矿,研究了浸出条件对金浸出效率的影响。结果表明,在氧化和碱浸预处理2个阶段充气可提高金浸出率;氧化预处理2 h后,加入氢氧化钠(20 kg/t)碱浸预处理4 h,加入氧化钙(40 kg/t)替代氢氧化钠,用TY-3浸出剂(8 kg/t)浸出4 h,金浸出率可达87.21%。浸出渣的物相分析、扫描电镜观察及X射线能谱分析结果显示,硅酸盐、碳酸盐中的金可被有效浸出,浸出渣中的石英、黄铁矿表面发生腐蚀,部分黄铁矿氧化。     

低品位铁锰型金银矿的硫脲浸出研究

对铁锰型金银矿采用预先浸锰工艺,使被二氧化锰包裹金银裸露出来,同时降低硫脲浸出金银时的氧化还原电位,有效减少了硫脲消耗量.结果表明,当矿样为200g,经浸锰预处理后,在pH =1.5,电位300mV,亚硫酸钠6g,浸出时间4h的最佳条件下,金、银的浸出率分别为98%、45%,硫脲消耗仅为6kg/t.     

次氯酸钠浸金电化学及难浸金矿浸出实验研究

用恒电位仪测定了不同次氯酸钠浓度和pH的条件下金阳极溶解极化曲线,拟合得到自腐蚀电位(Ecorr)、自腐蚀电流密度(Icorr)以及线性极化电阻(Rp),并进行难浸金矿的搅拌浸出验证实验。结果表明,在不同浓度条件下金腐蚀速率先增大后减小,在浓度0.75 mol/L时金阳极开始钝化,浸出实验结果与电化学研究结果一致;不同pH实验条件下金的腐蚀速率随pH增加而逐渐增大,但pH超过12后浸出率稍有下降,浸金结果与电化学研究结论略有不同。     

超声强化原位电氯化法浸取难处理金矿

对采用超声波和非超声波两种条件作用下原位电化学生成氧化剂浸取难处理金矿进行了研究.结果表明:采用超声波能够显著地提高金的浸出率,且缩短浸取反应时间.在没有超声波条件下采用原位电氯化法浸取6h,金的浸出率为54.84%;但在超声波作用下,金的浸出率可达90.68%.另外,通过对浸取前后矿渣的XRD图谱比较可知,没有使用超声强化的电氯化浸取后矿渣表面检测到元素硫,而用超声作用的矿渣表面则没有检测到硫.并由此分析了超声波对金矿浸出的作用机理和对电极反应的影响.     

高砷硫金矿的预处理

黄铁矿和砷黄铁矿是高砷硫金矿和精矿的2种主要成分，它们将Au包裹在其中，用一般已知的方法处理该矿，存在Au收率低、过程复杂，易造成环境污染等问题。目前对高砷硫金矿的预处理方法主要有氧化焙烧法、加压氧化法、细菌氧化法、硝酸分解法、真空脱砷法等。其中真空脱砷法处理高砷硫金精矿能保护环境免受污染，同时使As作为对环境无污染产物析出，是一种理想的预处理方法。     

General corrosion of carbon steel in a synthetic concrete pore solution

In this study, we reviewed our recent work on the general corrosion of carbon steel (P355QL2) overpack material for the isolation of high-level nuclear waste in Belgium's supercontainer concept. By using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and by optimizing the mixed potential model, which incorporates quantum mechanical tunneling of charge carriers across the barrier layer to describe the kinetics of the partial cathodic process, we evaluated all parameters in the model as a function of independent variables such as voltage, temperature, and pH. By delineating the partial anodic and cathodic processes, we found that the corrosion rate (CR) is independent of voltage over the voltage range from 0.2 to −1.0 V_SHE, which is predicted to be experienced in the repository. Furthermore, the CR is found to increase strongly with decreasing pH and increasing temperature.     

Anodic dissolution of gold in alkaline solutions containing thiourea, thiosulfate and sulfite ions

Gld dissolves electrochemically in alkaline solutions containing ligands to form complex ions with gold ion.Therefore,selective leaching of noble metals is expected without dissolution of base metals such as steels,aluminum alloys in scrap treatment.Gold electrodes were investigated using linear sweep voltammetry,EQCM method and potentiostatic eclectrolysis in alkaline solutions containing thiourea,Na2SO3 and Na2S2O3.The solution composition,electrode potential affect gold dissolution rate and current efficiency.The gold dissolved from anode electrode forms complex ions,suspension particles as compound precipitates and deposits on cathode electrode as a metal.Anodic efficiency for gold dissolution is between 10% and 22%.This is caused by the oxidation decomposition of sulfite ions and thiourea.The statbility of the alkaline solution containing these elements was also estimated by capillary electrophoresis technique.