不同粘结剂对PCBN复合片烧结及性能的影响

PCBN复合片以其硬度高、耐磨性好以及化学惰性强等优点作为切割工具材料被广泛应用于钢材、铸铁等加工行业。本文主要论述了金属粘结剂、陶瓷粘结剂、金属-陶瓷粘结剂对PCBN复合片烧结及其性能的影响,对其他增强增韧材料对PCBN复合片烧结及其性能影响的研究现状也作了简要介绍,大量文献认为粘结剂组分和配比是制备高性能PCBN复合片的关键。     

合成聚晶立方氮化硼复合片(PCBN)工艺研究

采用常用的HPHT(高压高温)合成方法,研究了CBN的粒度、组装方式等工艺参数对PCBN性能的影响.研究结果表明CBN的粒度对PCBN性能有很大的影响,当Dmax/Dmin越接近1,PCBN样品的磨耗比和硬度较低;双碳管双盐管的组装方式优于单盐碳管的组装方式.     

河南黄河旋风股份有限公司自行研制开发出“φ40毫米PCD、PCBN复合片”

“φ40毫米PCD、PCBN复合片”项目是河南黄河旋风股份有限公司经过市场调研，根据实际需求自行研制开发的大尺寸复合片，用于高速切削、硬态加工、高稳定性加工、以车代磨、干式切削等。     

基于切削力的PCBN复合片表面摩擦系数研究

实验使用四种不同成分的PCBN复合片刀具切削淬硬轴承钢GCr15,利用Kistler测力仪测量四种刀具在相同的刀具几何角度、切削用量下的切削力,研究刀具在相同切削条件下的切削力、摩擦力及摩擦系数的差异.结果表明,PCBN复合片的粘结剂、CBN晶粒含量和大小的不同对切削淬硬轴承钢GCr15时的切削力和摩擦系数均有较大影响:导热性较差的陶瓷粘结剂的复合片切削力、摩擦系数明显小于采用金属粘结剂的复合片,并且TiAlCN陶瓷粘结剂复合片的值最小;四种刀具中CBN晶粒的颗粒度越小,含量越少,切削力和摩擦系数越小.     

电弧离子镀(Ti,Al)N复合薄膜的结构和性能研究

利用电弧离子镀设备在1Cr11Ni2W2MoV不锈钢基体表面沉积了不同成分的（Ti1-xAlx)N薄膜；X射线衍射分析表明，x在0－0．5之间时，薄膜是Bl型（NaCl)单相结构；x=0.64时，同时出现B1和B4型（ZnS)两种相结构，x≥0.79时，只出现B4型结构；随着Al含量的增加，晶格常数减小，B1结构的薄膜择优取向由（111）向（220）转变。力学性能测试表明，适当Al含量可以提高薄膜的硬度、膜基结合强度及抗磨损性能；B1结构（Ti,Al)N薄膜的氧化实验表明，随着Al含量的增加，薄膜抗氧化性能显著提高。     

电火花沉积Ni/Ti(C,N)金属陶瓷复合涂层的组织及性能研究

目的提高H13模具钢的表面耐磨性,探索金属陶瓷涂层的应用。方法分别用Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷棒和纯镍棒作为电极,氩气为保护气体,在H13钢表面电火花沉积制备Ni/Ti(C,N)金属陶瓷复合涂层。使用X射线衍射仪对涂层的相组成进行了分析,并用扫描电子显微镜及能谱仪观察涂层的微观结构和元素分布情况,采用显微硬度计和CSM球盘式摩擦计对涂层的显微硬度和不同载荷下的耐磨性进行测试。结果涂层表面为单脉冲沉积斑点堆积而成的溅射状形貌,Fe和Ti元素整体上呈现出分区富集的特征,强化层主要物相包括TiC(0.7)N(0.3)、Ni(17)W3、Ni-Cr-Co-Mo和Fe3Ni2。涂层截面组织均匀,缺陷较少,厚度约为31μm,Fe、Ti和Ni元素均在界面处发生扩散,形成了良好的冶金结合,过渡层与基体相互混合,呈现出机械式的咬合结构。涂层的显微硬度实测最高值达1420HV,约为基体的5.4倍。涂层具有比基体更低的摩擦系数,且30 min内的磨损质量损失仅为基体的1/2,涂层磨损机理主要为粘着磨损和轻微的磨粒磨损。结论在H13钢表面电火花沉积制备的Ni/Ti(C,N)金属陶瓷复合涂层可提高其表面的硬度、耐磨性,且具有一定减摩性,可以起到延长模具寿命的作用。     

(Ti,La)(C,N)基金属陶瓷复合材料制备及性能研究

采用高温碳管炉制备了平均粒度约为1.2μm的(Ti,La)(C,N)复式碳氮化物粉末,并将其应用于(Ti,La)(C,N)基金属陶瓷的制备。研究稀土La元素的固溶含量对(Ti,La)(C,N)基金属陶瓷的组织结构和性能的影响,同时对比了La_2 O_3的直接加入对Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷组织结构和性能的影响。通过X衍射和扫描电镜对两组金属陶瓷进行研究分析,结果表明:La含量相同时,相比于直接添加La_2 O_3的Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷,(Ti,La)(C,N)基金属陶瓷各项性能指标均有提高,其抗弯强度提高了约20%,硬度也稍有提升,且当(Ti,La)(C,N)中La元素固溶0.25%时,物理和力学性能最佳;(Ti,La)(C,N)基金属陶瓷强化机制主要表现为固溶强化。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备Ti(C,N)-Mo_2C-Ni复合粉末的研究

本文采用溶胶-凝胶法在较低温度(1 400℃)下制备了Ti(C,N)-Mo2C-Ni金属陶瓷复合粉末。通过红外光谱(FTIR)、X-ray衍射(XRD)、热重分析(TG-DTA),扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱(EDS)、比表面积分析(BET)、氮/氧含量测定等分析检测方法 ,对该粉末的制备过程进行了初步的研究与分析。结果表明:在1 400℃,真空条件下,以钛酸四丁酯为钛源,以蔗糖为碳源,乙二醇为溶剂,采用溶胶-凝胶法结合碳热还原法所制得的Ti(C,N)-Mo2C-Ni金属陶瓷复合粉末晶粒小,纯度较高;其制备机理为:原料通过水解、缩聚、裂解/分解等反应,经过干燥后首先得到TiO2混合先驱体粉末,再经过碳热还原及一系列化学反应最后生成了Ti(C,N)-Mo2C-Ni金属陶瓷复合粉末。     

粘结剂成分对Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷腐蚀行为的影响

研究了含38 wt% Ni或Ni–20Cr粘结剂的2种Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷在0.2 M H2SO4和0.2 M NaOH溶液中的室温腐蚀行为。在0.2 MH2SO4溶液中,2种金属陶瓷的腐蚀行为和耐蚀性存在一些明显的差异：与以Ni作粘结剂的金属陶瓷不同,以Ni–20Cr作粘结剂的金属陶瓷浸泡过程中表面自发生成NiO、Ni(OH)x(SO4)y、Cr2O3和Cr(OH)3,致使粘结相溶解十分缓慢;动电位极化过程中不发生钝化,伪钝化后电流密度增加较快。在0.2 M NaOH溶液中,2种金属陶瓷的腐蚀行为和耐蚀性无明显差异：浸泡过程中陶瓷晶粒溶解十分缓慢,同时生成NiOOH和Cr6+化合物;动电位极化过程中不发生钝化,但发生伪钝化。     

纳米Ti(C,N)增强Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷的研究

采用纳米Ti(C，N)粉末制备Ti(C，N)基金属陶瓷，研究了纳米粉末对金属陶瓷组织及性能的影响。结果表明，粉末冶金过程中，纳米Ti(C，N)粉末易于在粘结相中扩散与溶解及沿晶界分布，降低了硬质相在粘结相中的溶解度，抑制了晶粒长大，提高了材料的红硬性能。抗弯强度与晶粒尺寸满足于Hall-Perch公式，5wt％～l0wt％的纳米粉末加入量可使金属陶瓷的抗弯强度和切削性能得到较大的提高，但硬度变化不大。切削磨损主要表现为磨粒磨损和轻微的粘着磨损，磨痕细小均匀。     

Early high-temperature oxidation behavior of Ti(C,N)-based cermets with multi-component AlCoCrFeNi high-entropy alloy binder

The early high-temperature oxidation behavior of Ti(C,N)-based cermets with equiatomic AlCoCrFeNi high-entropy alloy binder has been studied, as well as the cermet with Ni/Co binder as a reference. Experiments were performed at the temperature range of 800–1100 °C in static laboratory air. The micro-structural evolution of the multi-layered oxide scales on the cermets was investigated and the effect of binder phase constituent on the oxidation characteristics of Ti(C,N)-based cermets was evaluated. The results demonstrated that the cermet with AlCoCrFeNi multi-element alloy binder possesses superior oxidation resistance, which is greatly better than that of the cermet with Ni/Co metallic binder under the same condition. We suggest that the formation of a continuous and dense external oxide scale can effectively impede the outward diffusion of volatile tungsten oxides and inward oxygen transport, leading to a remarkable improvement of oxidation resistance. In addition, the enhanced oxidation resistance was related to the high Cr and Al concentration in AlCoCrFeNi binder phase that urges the formation of oxide layers with more efficient passivation effect against oxidation.     

Ti(C,N)_w/Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷的组织与力学性能研究

采用Ti(C,N)晶须和颗粒复合粉末(Ti(C,N)w+Ti(C,N)p)制备Ti(C,N)w/Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷。研究了复合粉末对金属陶瓷组织及性能的影响。结果表明,Ti(C,N)w的加入,金属陶瓷的各项力学性能都得到了提高。组织表现为环形相结构特征,与Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷相比,双层环形相结构所占比例增大,且尺寸加厚。烧结组织中Ti(C,N)w的长径比大于临界长径比,在强化金属陶瓷方面起着重要的作用。环形相使Ti(C,N)w与基体界面结合紧密,增韧机制主要表现为裂纹桥联和裂纹偏转,拔出效应不明显。     

Tribological performances of Ti(C,N)-based cermets with different graphite contents in dry sliding condition

Ti(C,N)-based cermets with different graphite (Gr) contents were prepared to solve the problem that the cermets self-mated couples suffer severe wear in dry sliding condition. The microstructure and mechanical properties of cermets with varying graphite contents were observed and evaluated, and the effects of graphite content on the tribological performances of the cermets self-mated rubbing pairs were investigated using a block-on-ring apparatus at room temperature. The results show that the distribution of graphite phase in cermets transforms from segregated floc-like to uniform granular with the increase of graphite content. The hardness and fracture toughness of the cermets self-lubricating materials rise firstly and then fall, whereas the transverse rupture strength decreases gradually with graphite adding. Compared with the cermet without graphite, the tribological properties of the cermets containing graphite are improved significantly. When the graphite addition reaches 0.8 wt%, the cermet exhibits the optimal wear resistance, which is attributed to the formation of a stable lubricating film composed of graphite and metal oxides (TiO₂, MoO₃, NiO) on the tribo-surface. Additionally, results reveal that the wear mechanism of cermets in dry condition is a complicated regime containing abrasion, adhesion and oxidation. After adding graphite, the adhesive wear of cermets is inhibited effectively, however the abrasive wear will be aggravated as the graphite content increases continuously.     

Evolution of Ti （C, N）-based cermet microstructures

Two series of Ti(C, N)-based cermet materials originating from the same chemical composition but with dif-ferent grain size distribution and sintered to different stages of the sintering cycle have been studied using SEM, TEM,EDX, and XRD. Much of the surrounding structure is formed during solid state sintering. During the solid state sintering, at first, the Mo and W rich (Ti, Mo, W)C inner rim is formed by the interaction among TiC, WC, and Mo2C; then the Mo and W lean (Ti, Mo, W)(C, N)outer rim is formed. During the liquid phase sintering, the outer rim of coarse grains grows rapidly throw a solution-reprecipitation process; aLso coarse grains grow by particle coalescence. The interface between coarse grain outer rim and binder is flat (crystal surface).     

Cutting performances, mechanical property and microstructure of ultra-fine grade Ti(C, N)-based cermets

The two cutting tools obtained from ultra-fine grade Ti(C, N)-based cermets were tested in the dry cutting of a medium carbon steel (AISI1045). Microstructure and mechanical properties were studied. Wear mechanisms (mainly diffusion and oxidation) were investigated in detail and compared each other in order to better understand key aspects due to thermal wear mechanisms. Comparing tool A with B, under the adopted cutting conditions, the tool A has a better resistance to oxidation deformation in machining medium carbon steel due to the higher hardness, although tool B has higher bending strength and fracture toughness.     

Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷刀具的切削性能

利用真空烧结工艺和表面氮化处理工艺制备纳米复合Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷可转位刀片和功能梯度可转位刀片,并对刀片的切削性能进行分析。结果表明:切削正火态45#钢、淬火态45#钢和奥氏体不锈钢时,与YT15、YG8、TN20相比,制备的刀具皆表现出较优的切削性能和较高的耐磨性,表面经氮化处理后,刀具的表面硬度提高了HRA2.2,大幅度提高了刀具的抗热冲击性能。具有梯度结构的金属陶瓷刀片切削正火钢、铸铁和不锈钢时的切削性能比无梯度结构金属陶瓷刀片的切削性能优良,具有更高的耐磨性。     

Ti (C,N)-based cermets sintered under high pressure

In this study, high pressure and high temperature sintering (HPHT) is adopted in the cermet fabrication process, and the microstructure and mechanical properties of cermets with TiC_0.5N_0.5–15WC–10Mo₂C–5TaC–10Ni–10Co (wt%) sintered under 5 GPa and different temperatures (900–1600 °C) using 6 × 14 MN cubic press are investigated. Results show that the densities of samples can reach up to 7.00 g/cm³. Vickers hardness and fracture toughness of the products are over 1727 HV30 and 7.2 MPa m^1/2 respectively. In addition, the sintering results are compared with the data that obtained from commercial samples which produced via conventional sintering technique. The conclusion is that high density and high hardness cermets can be obtained through HPHT sintering.     

Effect of submicron Ti(C,N) on the microstructure and the mechanical properties of Ti(C,N)-based cermets

There is an increased industry demand for Ti(C,N)-based cermets with improved material properties. One of the parameters which are supposed to influence these properties is the mean particle size of the Ti(C,N) powder used. In this study the effects of a newly developed submicron Ti(C,N) powder grade on the properties of Ti(C,N)-based cermets, including hardness, toughness and microstructure were investigated. The cermets showed only small differences with respect to outgassing upon sintering (investigated by MS-EGA) as well as shrinkage (dilatometry). Cermet formulations with submicron Ti(C,N) could be sintered under identical conditions as with fine Ti(C,N), yielding completely dense bodies of A00 porosity. From SEM and XRD investigations it was found that submicron Ti(C,N) powders cause accelerated diffusion and homogenisation of the microstructure leading to a substantially increased amount of outer rim phase, a higher amount of inverse grains and substantially finer and less Ti(C,N) cores. Upon using submicron Ti(C,N), hardness (HV10) is increased and in one grade the fracture toughness (Palmqvist–Shetty) is increased as well.