磨削条件对45钢最大磨削淬硬层深度的影响

以磨削淬硬实验为基础,研究了单程磨削淬硬过程中磨削深度、工件进给速度对淬硬层深度的影响;同时通过建立最大磨削淬硬层深度的计算模型并结合Matlab软件的数值仿真功能,对45钢最大磨削淬硬层深度进行模拟仿真。结果表明:最大磨削淬硬层深度随着磨削深度的增加或者工件进给速度的减小而增加;采用Matlab对最大磨削淬硬层深度进行数值仿真得到的结果与实验结果吻合度较高,通过建立适当的数学模型可以有效地预测最大磨削淬硬层深度。     

42CrMo钢磨削淬硬加工中磨削力的研究

磨削力对磨削淬硬层的形成及其质量具有重要影响。本研究在MKL7132X6/12型数控强力成形磨床上对42CrMo钢进行磨削淬硬加工试验。试验结果表明,磨削深度、磨削速度和工件进给速度都是影响切向和法向磨削力的因素,且磨削深度的影响程度最大,工件进给速度最小。切向和法向磨削力会随着磨削深度和工件进给速度的增加、磨削速度的降低而增大。对磨削力比影响程度最大的是磨削深度,最小的是磨削速度。磨削力比会随着磨削速度、磨削深度的增加或工件进给速度的降低而增大。本研究为提高磨削淬硬加工质量提供了依据。     

磨削用量对40Cr钢磨削淬硬层的影响

以平面磨削淬硬试验为基础，研究了磨削用量对40Cr钢磨削淬硬层组织与性能的影响。结果表明，在磨削淬硬加工中的热、力耦合作用下，磨削用量对磨削淬硬层的马氏体组织形貌及其高硬度区硬度值无显著影响，其高硬度值均在HV630～HV680之间。随着磨削速度的提高、磨削深度的增加或工件进给速度的降低，磨削淬硬层表面残余压应力值相应减小，但淬硬层深度以及应力作用深度相应增加。     

40Cr钢磨削淬硬工艺的试验研究

以切入式平面磨削淬硬加工试验为基础,对40Cr钢磨削淬硬层的宏观组织、显微硬度和淬硬层深度进行了研究.结果表明,磨削淬硬层由完全淬硬区和过渡区组成,磨削条件对磨削淬硬层高硬度区的组织及其显微硬度无显著影响,显微硬度值均在630～680HV0.5之间.选用细颗粒、高硬度的陶瓷结合剂刚玉砂轮和低进给速度、大切深参数并结合顺磨方式可增大磨削淬硬层深度.     

40Cr调质钢外圆磨削淬硬试验研究

采用外圆磨削方式对40Cr调质钢进行磨削淬硬试验,通过测量试样的金相组织和显微硬度对外圆磨削淬硬的可行性、磨削参数对淬硬效果的影响规律等进行研究。结果表明:40Cr钢外圆磨削淬硬是可行的;试样的表层组织由完全淬硬层、过渡层和基体组成;表面硬度均在690 HV左右,淬硬层深度最高可达1.10 mm;磨削深度对表面硬度无显著影响,但对淬硬层深度具有显著影响,工件速度和砂轮型号对表面硬度及淬硬层深度均无显著影响。     

磨削淬硬层厚度的预测预报

本研究采用多元线性回归分析法,在磨削淬硬实验的基础上建立了40CrNiMoA钢的切向磨削力试验公式,并结合Rowe和Pettit的热量分配系数公式,运用有限元法对不同磨削用量下的淬硬层厚度进行了预测,得到了磨削深度、工件进给速度和磨削速度对淬硬层厚度的影响规律,从而为制订、实施和优化磨削淬硬工艺提供了基础。     

预应力淬硬磨削工件表面层质量试验研究

从抗疲劳制造与绿色制造的观念出发,融合预应力磨削与磨削淬硬技术原理,提出了将残余应力控制、表面淬火及磨削三者集成于一体的预应力淬硬磨削技术理论与方法。对45钢试件进行了预应力淬硬磨削加工试验,以工件淬硬层表面残余应力、硬度及粗糙度为研究对象,与相同条件下的磨削淬硬工艺试验结果进行了对比分析。结果表明：预应力淬硬磨削工艺可增大工件表面残余压应力,减小拉应力,其工件表面残余应力状态优于磨削淬硬工艺;预应力淬硬磨削工件表面硬度可以达到基体硬度的3倍左右,而工件表面粗糙度小于磨削淬硬工艺工件表面粗糙度。因此,在相同的加工条件下,预应力淬硬磨削工艺比磨削淬硬工艺具有更好的抗疲劳性、耐腐蚀性及表面完整性。     

磨削强化技术对中碳钢磨削淬硬效果的研究

磨削强化技术是利用磨削加工过程中产生的大量磨削热对工件材料进行表面热处理的新工艺技术。它利用磨削热使退火或回火钢零件材料表层产生马氏体相变,达到表面强化的目的,实现了表面淬火工艺与机械加工过程的集成。本文选取45钢和60钢为研究对象,进行磨削强化试验研究。研究结果表明:在磨削温度场作用下缓进给磨削表面硬化层在深度和宽度方向上具有不同的组织变化趋势和显微硬度分布特征;表面硬化层始终存在由过渡区与未淬硬区或高温回火区组成的软化带。     

45钢横向进给磨削淬硬数值模拟与试验研究

采用数值模拟与试验相结合的方法对45钢横向进给磨削淬硬进行研究,分析了磨削工件不同区域的表面淬硬效果。结果表明:在本试验条件下,淬硬层最高显微硬度为738.4HV,最大深度为0.56mm,达到了表面淬火的要求。但是切入区、中间区和切出区存在差异,且工件重叠区域在表面淬硬后随即发生了低温回火,得到回火马氏体组织。     

磨削用量对磨削淬硬加工中两侧方向毛刺的影响

以平面磨削淬硬实验为基础,对磨削淬硬加工中两侧方向毛刺的形式进行了分类,同时研究了试件磨削方向(长度方向)上两侧毛刺尺寸的变化以及磨削用量对磨削淬硬加工中两侧方向最大毛刺尺寸的影响。结果表明:从试件切入端到切出端,两侧方向毛刺尺寸逐渐增大;在实验条件下,随着磨削深度的增大或工件进给速度的减小,两侧方向毛刺最大尺寸逐渐增大;同时,给出了抑制或减小两侧方向毛刺尺寸的方法。     

非淬硬钢磨削表面硬化层的试验研究

在平面磨床上对非淬硬钢进行了磨削硬化处理,研究了磨削方式和冷却条件对表面硬化层的影响。结果表明:硬化层完全硬化区均由细小的孪晶马氏体和板条马氏体组成,且硬化层的组织形貌及显微硬度无显著变化,但硬化层略粗马氏体相的出现位置有所差异;在磨削用量恒定时,顺磨硬化层的深度以及最大残余压应力均大于逆磨硬化层;在磨削功率恒定时,采用逆磨方式可以获得更深的硬化层;与干磨相比,湿磨硬化层表面残余压应力有所提高,但其硬化层深度减少了约30%。     

小切深磨削条件下工件表面硬化机理

以位错运动造成塑性变形的理论为基础,深入分析了小切深条件下磨削力机械作用硬化机理和材料热相变硬化机理。通过不同磨削参数的小切深磨削硬化试验,分析磨削硬化过程中不同磨削参数条件对工件表面强化层形成的影响及其金相组织转变的情况,深入研究磨削强化层组织的形成机理。试验结果表明,小切深条件下磨削加工试件表面的硬化主要以位错运动而产生的强化层为主,提高磨削深度和降低工件进给速度会增大工件表面显微残余应力,增强试件表层硬化层的形成效果。     

冷却条件对65Mn钢磨削硬化层组织与性能的影响

通过在普通平面磨床上采用刚玉砂轮对 6 5Mn钢进行磨削硬化试验 ,研究了冷却条件对其硬化层组织与性能的影响。结果表明 ,在不同冷却条件下 ,硬化层的马氏体组织形貌及显微硬度无明显变化 ,完全硬化区显微硬度均在 810～ 870HV之间 ;干磨时 ,马氏体和碳化物含量减少 ,残余奥氏体含量增多 ,其完全硬化区深度高达1 7mm ,而湿磨时仅为 0 6mm。     

精密干式硬态车削淬硬工具钢加工表面温度参数优化

使用PCBN刀具对不同淬硬状态工具钢Cr12MoV进行精密干式硬态车削试验,运用极差法分析切削速度、走刀量、切削深度、试件硬度、刀尖圆弧半径五个因素对工件表面温度影响的显著性,并得到了最优车削参数。试验表明：影响工件表面温度最显著的因素是工件淬火硬度,切削深度与走刀量的影响相当,刀尖圆弧半径的影响最小。     

Some studies on hard turning of AISI 4340 steel using multilayer coated carbide tool

Hard turning with multilayer coated carbide tool has several benefits over grinding process such as, reduction of processing costs, increased productivities and improved material properties. The objective was to establish a correlation between cutting parameters such as cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut with machining force, power, specific cutting force, tool wear and surface roughness on work piece. In the present study, performance of multilayer hard coatings (TiC/TiCN/Al₂O₃) on cemented carbide substrate using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) for machining of hardened AISI 4340 steel was evaluated. An attempt has been made to analyze the effects of process parameters on machinability aspects using Taguchi technique. Response surface plots are generated for the study of interaction effects of cutting conditions on machinability factors. The correlations were established by multiple linear regression models. The linear regression models were validated using confirmation tests. The analysis of the result revealed that, the optimal combination of low feed rate and low depth of cut with high cutting speed is beneficial for reducing machining force. Higher values of feed rates are necessary to minimize the specific cutting force. The machining power and cutting tool wear increases almost linearly with increase in cutting speed and feed rate. The combination of low feed rate and high cutting speed is necessary for minimizing the surface roughness. Abrasion was the principle wear mechanism observed at all the cutting conditions.     

Effect of work material hardness and cutting parameters on performance of coated carbide tool when turning hardened steel: An optimization approach

In present work performance of coated carbide tool was investigated considering the effect of work material hardness and cutting parameters during turning of hardened AISI 4340 steel at different levels of hardness. The correlations between the cutting parameters and performance measures like cutting forces, surface roughness and tool life, were established by multiple linear regression models. The correlation coefficients found close to 0.9, showed that the developed models are reliable and could be used effectively for predicting the responses within the domain of the cutting parameters. Highly significant parameters were determined by performing an Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Experimental observations show that higher cutting forces are required for machining harder work material. These cutting forces get affected mostly by depth of cut followed by feed. Cutting speed, feed and depth of cut having an interaction effect on surface roughness. Cutting speed followed by depth of cut become the most influencing factors on tool life; especially in case of harder workpiece. Optimum cutting conditions are determined using response surface methodology (RSM) and the desirability function approach. It was found that, the use of lower feed value, lower depth of cut and by limiting the cutting speed to 235 and 144 m/min; while turning 35 and 45 HRC work material, respectively, ensures minimum cutting forces, surface roughness and better tool life.     

Effect of turning parameters on surface roughness of A356/5% SiC composite produced by electromagnetic stir casting

In the present investigation, A356 alloy 5 wt% SiC composite is fabricated by electromagnetic stir casting process. An attempt has been made to investigate the effect of CNC lathe process parameters like cutting speed, depth of cut, and feed rate on surface roughness during machining of A356 alloy 5 wt% SiC particulate metal-matrix composites in dry condition. Response surface methodology (Box Behnken Method) is chosen to design the experiments. The results reveal that cutting speed increases surface roughness decreases, whereas depth of cut and feed increase surface roughness increase. Optimum values of speed (190 m/min), feed (0.14 mm/rev) and depth of cut (0.20 mm) during turning of A356 alloy 5 wt% SiC composites to minimize the surface roughness (3.15μm) have been find out. The mechanical properties of A356 alloy 5 wt% SiC were also analyzed.     

Analysis of surface roughness and cutting force components in hard turning with CBN tool: Prediction model and cutting conditions optimization

In this study, the effects of cutting speed, feed rate, workpiece hardness and depth of cut on surface roughness and cutting force components in the hard turning were experimentally investigated. AISI H11 steel was hardened to (40; 45 and 50) HRC, machined using cubic boron nitride (CBN 7020 from Sandvik Company) which is essentially made of 57% CBN and 35% TiCN. Four-factor (cutting speed, feed rate, hardness and depth of cut) and three-level fractional experiment designs completed with a statistical analysis of variance (ANOVA) were performed. Mathematical models for surface roughness and cutting force components were developed using the response surface methodology (RSM). Results show that the cutting force components are influenced principally by the depth of cut and workpiece hardness; on the other hand, both feed rate and workpiece hardness have statistical significance on surface roughness. Finally, the ranges for best cutting conditions are proposed for serial industrial production.     

球头铣刀高速铣削淬硬Cr12模具钢的研究

通过球头铣刀高速铣削Cr12淬硬模具钢的实验,研究了切削用量对切削力和表面粗糙度的影响变化规律,并分析了产生这些变化的原因。研究结果表明：在球头铣刀高速铣削Cr12淬硬模具钢时,轴向力远远大于径向力,为主切削力;随着切削速度的增加,切削力和表面粗糙度值虽然呈现下降的趋势,但下降趋势不如普通切削时明显;切削力和表面粗糙度值随进给速度的增加而增加;当轴向切深在较小的范围内,切削力和表面粗糙度值随轴向切深增加而变化很小,只有当轴向切深超过一定值以后,切削力和表面粗糙度值才随轴向切深增加而迅速增加。