基于RBFN-PLSR方法的CO2提纯塔模型

CO2提纯塔出口浓度与其影响因素之间存在复杂的非线性关系,传统的线性回归和非线性回归方法难以建立起它们之间准确的关系模型。本文运用RBFN的最佳函数逼近性能,结合PLSR的空间变换方法,建立了CO2提纯塔模型。交叉验证表明,所建模型平均拟合相对误差为0．0063%,平均预报相对误差为0．1210％,该模型可用于提纯塔出口CO2浓度的预测。     

微结构反应器中CuZnAlZr催化剂CO变换反应动力学研究

在基于泡沫金属材料的微结构反应器中进行CO变换反应，考察CuZnAlZr催化剂的CO变换反应动力学。对实验数据进行最小二乘非线性回归，所得反应速率方程与实验数据吻合。利用所得到的动力学方程，针对典型醇类重整气组成，分析了为燃料电池提供氢源的CO变换反应器的体积功率密度，结果表明，CuZnAlZr微结构反应器是为小型燃料电池提供氢源的有效方案。     

PC-SAFT理论对CO_2-甲醇体系相平衡的研究

主要结合统计缔合流体理论(PC-SAFT),采用已有的CO2与甲醇纯流体分子参数,同时利用CO2与甲醇纯流体分子参数回归二元交叉作用参数。以CO2、甲醇的纯流体分子参数及回归所得的二元交叉作用参数作为输入,来关联和预测CO2-甲醇二元体系相平衡性质。本文不仅对CO2-甲醇二元体系p-x和p-ρ相图的预测结果与实验数据进行了比较,而且分析了温度、压力和两相密度等因素对CO2-甲醇二元体系界面性质的影响。     

CO与CH4传感器的故障诊断技术研究

由于矿井开采的作业环境较为复杂,尤其是井下作业过程中存在瓦斯浓度超标以及CO浓度超标等安全隐患。为了提升井下作业安全性,通常利用CH₄与CO传感器进行瓦斯浓度监测和气体浓度检测。但CO和CH₄传感器失效问题的产生极有可能影响传感器监测结果的准确性。基于此,下文针对CH₄传感器以及CO传感器的故障机理进行研究,并且探究CO与CH₄传感器的故障诊断技术,以期能够提升保证对瓦斯浓度和CO浓度的监测质量,提升井下作业安全性。     

CaSO4氧载体与CO反应中Boudouard反应的热力学分析及其抑制研究

在反应温度500～1200 ℃、CO浓度0.5%～99.0%、CO2浓度0～70%和SO2浓度0～10%条件下,利用化学平衡常数,对化学链燃烧 CaSO4与CO反应过程中Boudouard反应的可行性展开热力学研究,获得了抑制Boudouard反应及积碳生成的方法。由于CaSO4竞争还原反应和Boudouard反应平衡常数的表达形式不同,通过比较各个反应的CO平衡转化率以判断各个反应进行程度的高低。在化学链燃烧燃料反应器适宜温度范围（850～1050 ℃）,CO浓度越高,Boudouard反应越容易进行,SO2浓度对Boudouard反应进行的程度没有影响。而提高反应温度和反应气中CO2浓度,则有利于抑制Boudouard反应的进行。当气体反应物中CO2浓度超过3.7%,即使CO浓度达到95.0%,Boudouard反应不能进行。     

PX氧化反应器动态模型和4-CBA浓度的软测量

建立了PX氧化反应器的动态机理模型,模型能够较好地预测不同工艺条件下的4-CBA浓度。基于上述模型,对现有工艺过程进行了数值模拟,发现4-CBA浓度与尾气CO2浓度具有很强的相关性。通过数据回归得到了简化的4-CBA软测量模型,上述模型为现有PX氧化过程的4-CBA浓度实时控制提供了理论依据。     

减少乙烯装置碳二前加氢工艺中CO的影响

分析了碳二前加氢工艺中CO浓度对加氢反应的影响，讨论了CO的生成因素，提出了减少CO生成量及控制CO浓度波动的有效措施：加强注硫操作，降低裂解炉投料温度，防止甲醇进入裂解炉等，以保证装置平稳操作。     

混碱法降低888催化剂脱除H2S过程的碱耗的研究

利用自行设计的湿法脱硫实验装置，较系统的研究了混合碱加入，对888催化剂工作硫容及碱耗的影响规律。确定了NaOH、Na2CO3浓度及两者配比对工作硫容和碱耗的影响获得了适宜的混合碱的浓度和配比为0．08MnaOH、0．16MNa2CO3此时脱硫过程的碱耗最低，分析了混合碱能够降低碱耗的原因。     

(NH4)2SO4对氨水法捕集水泥厂CO2影响的试验研究

水泥厂CO2排放浓度高达30%,是CO2第二大排放源,由于水泥厂普遍没有安装脱硫装置,利用氨水法脱除水泥厂CO2必然会生成硫酸铵,本文研究硫酸铵对氨水法吸收CO2的影响规律,并探讨影响机理。吸收试验结果表明,当硫酸铵浓度增加到1 mol/L以上,硫酸铵的存在对CO2吸收有抑制作用,会降低CO2的脱除效率;解吸试验结果表明,硫酸铵促进了CO2的释放速度,当硫酸铵浓度累计达到2 mol/L时,CO2最大解吸浓度可以提高5.6%。     

冷能利用与CO2分离一体化研究进展

介绍以降低CO2分离能耗为目标的动力系统的研究现状，评述了利用冷能分离CO2是其中的一个新方向。并从以下3个方面进行了综述：利用余热吸收制冷的CO2分离一体化、利用LNG冷能与CO2分离一体化和利用空分冷能与CO2分离一体化。提出了在此基础上发展冷能利用与CO2分离一体化的系统集成方法。     

油田污水腐蚀影响因素研究

为研究各种因素对油田污水腐蚀的影响,采用室内静态挂片失重法试验了A3碳钢在不同H2S、CO2、溶解氧、SRB浓度及不同pH值和矿化度的模拟油田水中的腐蚀行为。结果表明,碳钢的腐蚀速率随H2S、CO2、溶解氧、SRB浓度的增加而增大,溶解氧会促进H2S和CO2的腐蚀,H2S会抑制CO2的腐蚀;碳钢的腐蚀速率随矿化度的增加先增大后减小,在矿化度为40 000 mg/L时达到最大;碳钢在碱性环境下的腐蚀速率比酸性环境下的腐蚀速率小的多。     

气敏电极测定液相中CO_2浓度

提出了一种快速、准确测定液相中ＣＯ２浓度的方法。考察了温度、Ｈ２ＳＯ４加入量等对结果的影响，并对该方法与其它分析方法作了对比及误差分析。结果表明：该方法操作简单、方便、精度高，尤其适用于液相中ＣＯ２低浓度的快速分析，具有推广应用价值。     

Research Note: Measurement of Ozone via an Indirect Gas Chromatography Method

Gas chromatography was used to measure the ozone concentration in oxygen produced by an ozone generator. In this indirect method, the ozone reacts with the coating of the capillary column and produces carbon dioxide, which is then detected. The primary methods of calibration for this technique were based on a wet-chemistry process and absorption of ultraviolet light. This finding also is important if the primary reason for using gas chromatography is detection of carbon dioxide, as artificially high readings of carbon dioxide would be measured in the presence of ozone. The method was tested for ozone concentrations of 3–70?mg/L but the method should also be applicable to higher concentrations.     

Determining the carbon dioxide permeability of paint films

An in-house set-up was developed for determining the permeability of, paint films towards carbon dioxide. The system implemented the so-called Wicke-Kallenback method, described in EN 1062-6. This method consists of a two-chamber permeation cell divided by a supported paint film. A carbon dioxide/nitrogen mixture stream (15% CO₂/85% N₂) is fed to the retentate chamber and a nitrogen carrier stream is fed to the permeate chamber. Carbon dioxide permeates from the retentate to the permeate chamber. The carbon dioxide flow rate is obtained from the permeate concentration and flow rate. From the carbon dioxide flow rate it is possible to calculate the paint film permeability towards this gas. The coating system is applied on a Kraft paper support sheet; the Kraft paper by itself shows negligible permeation, resistance. Coatings to be considered as “surface protection systems for concrete” must comply with EN 1504-2. This standard requires that the paint film permeability have an equivalent air thickness of S_D≥50 m. The unit developed was able to quickly determine permeabilities as low as an equivalent air thickness of S_D=1500 m.     

制氢驰放气优化利用方案的研究

制氢装置PSA单元产生的驰放气中含有高浓度的甲烷、氢气、一氧化碳、二氧化碳。比较了变压吸附法、溶剂吸收法和膜分离法分离驰放气中的二氧化碳,从净化气指标、总能耗、运行费用和装置投资方面进行比较,得出变压吸附法分离优于其它两种方案。另外,变压吸附法分离没有涉及化学过程,相比操作运行更简单方便,可实现在线切换吸附器,有利于装置长周期运行。     

Viscosity measurements on saturated gas-expanded liquid systems—Ethanol and carbon dioxide

A recently developed method of falling-weight viscometry was employed to determine the experimental viscosities of the gas-expanded liquid system of ethanol and carbon dioxide at saturation. By adding carbon dioxide into an isochoric system containing metered amounts of ethanol, carbon dioxide concentrations within the gas-expanded liquid system were systematically varied between 0.15 and 0.80 mole fraction in 0.05 increments at constant system temperatures of 25, 30, 35 and 40 °C. Similar to the gas-expanded liquid system of methanol and carbon dioxide, an increase in carbon dioxide concentration in the liquid phase, liquid volume expansion, liquid density and system pressure resulted in a decrease in liquid phase viscosity. The significance of system temperature however, is more apparent with the gas-expanded liquid system of ethanol and carbon dioxide when compared to the gas-expanded liquid system of methanol and carbon dioxide. At equal compositions but varying system temperatures, not only is the viscosity of the ethanol and carbon dioxide system affected to a greater extent, the point at which viscosity reduction is insignificant with an increase in carbon dioxide composition occurs earlier with increasing system temperatures. The estimation of liquid phase viscosities of gas-expanded liquid systems is therefore difficult without experimental data.     

The effect of oxygen and carbon dioxide concentration on soot formation in non-premixed flames

The influence of oxygen concentration and carbon dioxide as diluents in the oxidizer side on soot formation was studied by Time Resolved Laser Induced Incandescence (TIRE-LII) and TEM photography in non-premixed co-flowing flames. TIRE-LII method was used to measure the distribution of two-dimensional soot volume fraction and primary particle size. The soot was directly sampled by the thermophoretic method, and its diameter was examined by TEM photography. Two suitable delay times of the TIRE-LII method affecting measurable range and sensitivity were determined by comparing TEM photographs with the TIRE-LII signal. The effects of oxygen concentration and carbon dioxide as diluents in the oxidizer side on soot formation were investigated with these calibrated techniques. An O₂+(CO₂, N₂, and [Ar+CO₂]) mixtures in co-flow were used to isolate carbon dioxide effects systematically. The primary particle number concentration and soot volume fraction were abruptly decreased by the addition of carbon dioxide to co-flow. This suppression was resulted from the short residence time in inception region because of the late nucleation and the decrease of surface growth distance by the low flame temperature due to the higher thermal capacity and the chemical change of carbon dioxide. The increase of oxygen concentration in the co-flow caused an enhancement of soot nucleation and thus the residence time increase, but the specific growth rate showed almost the same value regardless of the co-flow mixture in the growth region. This result suggests that the specific growth rate has a weak dependence on the relative change of co-flow conditions in non-premixed co-flowing flames.     

Catalytic activation of CO2: Use of secondary CO2 for the production of synthesis gas and for methanol synthesis over copper-based zirconia-containing catalysts

Consumption of fossil fuel resources throughout the industrial era has resulted in an enormous increase in carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere. Developed countries have committed to reducing the atmospheric load of greenhouse gases and ratified the Kyoto Protocol. Chemical utilization of carbon dioxide captured from large scale stationary sources is one possible pathway to decrease the rate of emissions. Catalysis plays a crucial role in these carbon dioxide utilization reactions. In this paper, the production of synthesis gas from carbon dioxide-containing secondary gases and carbon dioxide hydrogenation to methanol over copper-based zirconia-containing catalysts have been investigated. Pathways of carbon dioxide utilization are outlined, research done on carbon dioxide hydrogenation over copper-based zirconia-containing catalysts is reviewed, and the challenges of these reactions are reported. It is argued that direct utilization of secondary carbon dioxide from industrial sources can be a significant step toward developing sustainable industrial practices and a critical part in sustainable energy strategies.     

显像管玻璃中H_2O、CO_2和SO_2含量的测定

测定显像管玻璃中溶解气体的含量、研究这些气体产生的原因,对提高产品的质量有重要意义。玻璃中溶解的气体有H_2O、O_2、N_2、SO_2、CO_2等,其中H_2O、SO_2、CO_2对玻璃性质影响较大,我们就侧重这几种气体含量的测定。 玻璃中溶解气体的测定,通常是将玻璃在真空中加热到高温,使溶解的气体释放,收集后再进行测定。传统的测定方法有微量化学分析、质谱分析、气相色谱等。这些方法操作复杂,误差比较大。近年来,采用了红外光谱、核磁共振、核反应、X射线荧光分析和LECO法等。