生物质能发电燃料输送系统研究

针对目前我国生物质能发电工程燃料输送系统大多工艺布置不合理、设备功能不完备等向题,介绍了2种生物质能燃料输送系统的工艺流程.生物质能燃料可分为灰色硬质秸秆和黄色纤维秸秆.介绍典型的灰色秸秆工艺流程和典型的黄色秸秆工艺流程.实践证明.这种工艺流程和设备结构能够实现系统连续、稳定、可靠运行,已被推广应用.     

CFB锅炉掺烧生物质技术及气力输送系统方案

概述了生物质能利用现状及在燃煤电厂掺烧的应用前景.对CFB锅炉掺烧生物质的制备及输送方案作了初步探讨,结合实例提出了具体的气力输送系统方案和设备选型方案.     

煤与生物质共气化并联型液体燃料-动力多联产系统能量利用特性分析

为了研究煤与生物质共气化条件下多联产系统能量利用特性与煤炭节省率,建立了煤与生物质共气化并联型FT合成油-IGCC多联产系统。进料量为3 000 t/d,FT合成侧合成气分流比设为0.2、0.4、0.6、0.8。结果显示:当生物质掺混质量分数为0.2时,在每一个设定的分流比下系统均能获得最大热效率,分别为46.39%、46.51%、46.59%、47.49%。生物质质量分数小于0.2时,在每个设定分流比下具有较优的煤炭节省率;生物质质量分数超过0.2时,FT合成侧合成气分流比对煤炭节省率影响更为明显。因此,在特定生物质质量分数下可通过增加FT合成侧合成气分流比来提高多联产系统煤炭节省率。     

High-speed electrical machines for power engineering: Current state and development trends

The current state of high-speed electrical machines with shaft rotation velocity within the range of 10 000 to 50 000 rpm is considered and the development trends are analyzed. The analysis includes recent publications and the results of the authors’ studies. Data of the developed motors and generators are presented. Forecasts regarding directions in the development of high-speed electrical machines are made.     

家用和类似用途剩余电流保护器的正确使用

介绍了剩余电流保护器（RCD）的定义、原理及分类,并从家用和类似用途剩余电流保护器提供保护的角度,分析了影响RCD保护可靠性的诸多因素。给出了如何正确使用RCD的一般建议,为正确使用RCD提供指导。     

燃料电池氧电极催化剂的研究现状

燃料电池是一种环境友好的发电装置。氧还原反应阴极催化剂对燃料电池的性能起着非常关键的作用。因此,开发高效的氧还原催化剂一直是燃料电池工作者非常关注的课题。综述了近几年燃料电池阴极催化剂的研究进展,提出了存在的问题和可能的发展趋势。     

生物质气化燃料电池联产系统的模型研究

提出了一种生物质气化结合燃料电池发电装置的热电联产系统,并采用化学元素平衡法对该系统进行数学建模,分析了该系统的整体性能、各环节的状态参数以及能流分配。计算结果显示:采用生物质气化燃料电池联产系统,能量利用效率明显高于传统的生物质气化发电系统。进一步对该系统参数进行放大预测,为燃料电池在我国的分散化、小型化以及模块化应用模式提供了有益的参考。     

Current state of nuclear fuel cycles in nuclear engineering and trends in their development according to the environmental safety requirements

The state and trends in the development of nuclear fuel cycles in nuclear engineering, taking into account the ecological aspects of using nuclear power plants, are considered. An analysis of advantages and disadvantages of nuclear engineering, compared with thermal engineering based on organic fuel types, was carried out. Spent nuclear fuel (SNF) reprocessing is an important task in the nuclear industry, since fuel unloaded from modern reactors of any type contains a large amount of radioactive elements that are harmful to the environment. On the other hand, the newly generated isotopes of uranium and plutonium should be reused to fabricate new nuclear fuel. The spent nuclear fuel also includes other types of fission products. Conditions for SNF handling are determined by ecological and economic factors. When choosing a certain handling method, one should assess these factors at all stages of its implementation. There are two main methods of SNF handling: open nuclear fuel cycle, with spent nuclear fuel assemblies (NFAs) that are held in storage facilities with their consequent disposal, and closed nuclear fuel cycle, with separation of uranium and plutonium, their purification from fission products, and use for producing new fuel batches. The development of effective closed fuel cycles using mixed uranium–plutonium fuel can provide a successful development of the nuclear industry only under the conditions of implementation of novel effective technological treatment processes that meet strict requirements of environmental safety and reliability of process equipment being applied. The diversity of technological processes is determined by different types of NFA devices and construction materials being used, as well as by the composition that depends on nuclear fuel components and operational conditions for assemblies in the nuclear power reactor. This work provides an overview of technological processes of SNF treatment and methods of handling of nuclear fuel assemblies. Based on analysis of modern engineering solutions on SNF regeneration, it has been concluded that new reprocessing technologies should meet the ecological safety requirements, provide a more extensive use of the resource base of nuclear engineering, allow the production of valuable and trace elements on an industrial scale, and decrease radioactive waste release.     

低温燃料电池电催化剂的研究近况

质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)和直接甲醇燃料电池(DMFC)是两种最先进的低温燃料电池,介绍了它们的阳极和阴极电催化剂近年的进展。包括PEMFC中用纯H2作燃料时,阴极催化剂的Pt-Cr;用重整产品作燃料时,阳极能耐CO毒化的催化剂Pt-Ru和Pt-Ru/WOχ。DMFC中,阳极促进甲醇电氧化的PtRu、PtRuOs、PtRuNi和四氨络铂与喹啉基双胺络钴的混合物,阴极的碳载Pt和Co/Fe-卟啉。涉及到双功能机理,中间体机理,甲醇在PtRu阳极内的电氧化过程和Co/Fe-卟啉纳米结构对O2还原的边上电催化机理。用Ni作阳极电催化剂的直接2-丙醇燃料电池有希望作为汽车应用的新能源。     

用废旧塑料生产燃料油

论述了利用中小城市的白色污染物──废旧塑料经催化裂解制备燃料油的反应机理，介绍了年生300吨燃料油的工艺流程。     

质子交换膜燃料电池发展现状

介绍了质子交换膜燃料电池（PEMFC）的结构、组成和工作原理，叙述了不同质子交换膜的来源特点及导电性与膜参数的关系；对不同电极和电极催化剂性能作了评述；综述了目前几种氢的来源、优缺点及质子交换膜燃料电池有关问题的发展动向和前景。     

中低温固体氧化物燃料电池研制

综述了中国科技大学生物质洁能源实验室在中低温固体氧化物燃料电池研究方面的最近进展 ,包括电解质薄膜的制备技术 ,阴极材料和用凝胶浇注法制备高性能的阳极材料     

液态软包装锂离子蓄电池的研制

应用软包装技术成功开发出053048型液态软包装锂离子蓄电池。对液态软包装锂离子蓄电池制造工艺流程作了简单介绍,选用优质包装膜,采用冲壳成型技术与热板粘结技术,并对极耳进行技术处理,实现了电池的封装。电池性能测试结果表明,0.2 C、0.5 C和1 C放电容量均达到500 mAh以上,1 C循环300次后容量保持在90%左右,环境适应性、高低温性能、短路性能、自放电性能均达到或超过了国家标准。液态软包装锂离子蓄电池具有价格、性能及工艺的竞争优势和广阔的市场前景。     

The energy efficiency of the Russian economy: Current state and an outlook

Results of analysis of the current state of the effectiveness of using fuel and energy in the Russian economy are presented. Forecast assessments of the energy-intensity of the Russian economy for the period up to the year 2030 are made.     

液体进料直接甲醇燃料电池的电化学性能

采用循环伏安法、交流阻抗法和稳态电流 电压极化曲线法,研究了不同操作条件下液体进料直接甲醇燃料电池(DMFC)的放电性能,分析了甲醇浓度、电池工作温度和氧气压力对电极反应的影响。DMFC的放电性能因电池工作温度和氧气压力的提高而改善。增大甲醇浓度,阳极反应动力学性能改善,浓差极化被推迟,但甲醇穿透量同时增加。电池性能在甲醇浓度为2.0mol/L时达到最佳。     

液体进料直接甲醇燃料电池工况的匹配及优化

研究阴极氧气加湿、预热及电池放置方式对直接甲醇燃料电池(DMFC)性能的影响。电化学阻抗谱(EIS)测试结果显示:氧气加湿使电池内阻降低10.3%,改善了低温运行时的电池性能;在较高温度下,氧气加湿导致阴极出现水淹,降低了电池性能;氧气预热在保证阴极温度平衡的同时,避免了产物水分遇冷凝结,改善了阴极的传质性能,电池的功率密度在55℃时从46.70 mW/cm2提高到52.48 mW/cm2;运行温度越高,氧气预热对性能的改善越显著。设计了4种进料方式,其中垂直进料方式使CO2最易排出、甲醇渗透最少,甲醇流速较低时可得到最高的功率密度(54.13 mW/cm2)。     

浅谈如何正确选择及使用电流互感器

论述了电流互感器的工作原理、选择及其正确使用