原位化学氧化聚合制备PANI/PMMA导电复合膜

采用原位化学氧化聚合的方法制备了聚苯胺(PANI)/聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)复合膜,电导率达到1.2×10-2S/cm.考察了苯胺单体含量、聚合温度以及聚合时间对复合膜电导率的影响;通过红外光谱分析了PANI/PMMA导电复合膜的分子结构;应用热重分析仪测试了复合膜的热性能.结果表明,原位化学氧化聚合制备PANI/PMMA复合膜的工艺是可行的,苯胺的最佳用量为35%,聚合反应时间6 h左右,聚合反应温度不宜高于40℃;复合膜的热稳定性较盐酸掺杂聚苯胺有所提高.     

苯胺在聚醋酸乙烯酯中的聚合研究

以过硫酸铵为氧化剂,十二烷基苯磺酸为掺杂剂,将苯胺在聚醋酸乙烯酯(PVAc)基质中进行原位氧化聚合,制备导电聚苯胺PAn/PVAc复合材料,采用溶液浇铸法制成可溶性导电复合膜,电导率达10-2s/cm。考察了反应条件对复合膜电导率的影响,并进行了环境稳定性测试,用红外光谱进行了复合膜的结构表征,用扫描电镜对复合膜的表面形态进行了观察。     

聚苯胺微乳液合成及其电致变色性

用 (NH4) 2 S2 O8为氧化剂 ,在功能质子酸 水 正丁醇三元体系中 ,用微乳液法合成了聚苯胺。以聚苯胺的电导率和电致变色性能为标准 ,讨论了引发剂、DBSA、反应温度和反应时间对聚苯胺性能的影响 ,并对影响聚苯胺 /聚乙烯醇复合膜的性能因素作了初步探讨。结果表明 :与用常规乳液法合成的聚苯胺相比 ,用微乳液法合成的聚苯胺与聚乙烯醇所成的膜 ,其电导率提高了 2个数量级 ,电致变色性能也更好。     

复合酸掺杂PVA/PANI/Ag复合膜的电化学制备及性能研究

采用电化学法制备了硫酸(H2SO4)和磺基水杨酸(SSA)共掺杂的导电聚乙烯醇/聚苯胺(PVA/PANI)复合膜,采用正交设计法优化了工艺条件,研究了沉积银电流密度和时间、拉伸对复合膜电导率的影响。采用红外光谱、X射线衍射、扫描电镜对复合膜进行表征。结果表明,最佳条件下获得的PVA/PANI复合膜的电导率为22.72 S/cm;在此复合膜上以50 mA/cm2沉积2 min银可使复合膜的电导率提高到1250 S/cm;对2种复合膜进行适当的拉伸可使其电导率分别提高20.74 %和18.04 %。复合膜有一定程度的结晶,经拉伸后其结晶度有所提高。     

碳纳米管/PMMA/PVAc复合膜的微观结构研究

在不同工艺条件下制备了碳纳米管／聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（PMMA）／聚醋酸乙烯酯（PVAc）复合膜，用透射电镜和扫描电镜详细研究了碳纳米管／PMMA／PVAc复合膜的微观结构，考察了碳纳米管在聚合物中的分散状态和导电网络的形成条件，发现通过超声分散和喷涂工艺制备的碳纳米管／PMMA／PVAc复合膜具有规则的导电网络，而且表面平整，是制备导电复合膜的最佳工艺；碳纳米管／PMMA／PVAc复合膜是很好的气敏候选材料。     

PI表面改性对PANI/PI复合膜性能的影响

采用分散聚合体系,在聚酰亚胺(PI)薄膜表面原位沉积聚苯胺(PANI)制得高导电性PANI/PI复合膜。用不同物理、化学方法对PI薄膜表面进行改性。结果表明,通过等离子体处理、超声波处理以及不同溶液浸泡处理的PI基体均改善了复合膜表面质量,提高复合膜电导率,其中过硫酸胺(APS)水溶液处理制得复合膜的电导率相对最高。紫外光谱和红外光谱分析证实基体表面为质子酸掺杂的PANI膜层,膜中不含有空间稳定剂聚乙烯吡咯烷酮。     

聚苯胺盐的合成及导电性能研究

用对甲苯磺酸作为掺杂剂对聚苯胺(PANI)进行掺杂，合成了导电聚苯胺盐(ES)。研究了掺杂剂用量、模压压力、模压温度、氧化剂用量对聚苯胺盐电导率的影响。结果表明：随着掺杂剂用量的增加，PANI的电导率也在不断的增大；当ES所受压力较高时，电导率提高；高温使PANI电导率上升；氧化剂与苯胺的最佳配比为1：1。     

高电导聚苯胺/聚乙烯醇复合膜的合成和电性质

本文利用氯化铜作为聚乙烯醇薄膜的掺杂剂,再将其置于苯胺和盐酸蒸气中进行化学氧化反应,成功地合成了高电导的聚苯胺(PAn)/聚乙烯酸(PVA)导电复合膜,电导率达 10~(-2)S·cm~(-1);用扫描电镜和红外光谱(IR)对导电复合膜的结构和组成进行了表征,并进行了环境稳定性试验;复合膜的导电主要是电子的贡献.     

载铂聚苯胺/聚砜复合膜修饰电极对甲醇的电催化氧化行为研究

采用循环伏安法制备聚苯胺(PAN)/聚砜(PSF)复合膜修饰电极,在其上电沉积铂粒子,制得载铂聚苯胺/聚砜复合膜修饰电极,用循环伏安法和交流阻抗法研究它对甲醇的电催化氧化行为。复合膜的化学组分用FTIR进行表征,复合膜内层载铂后的表面形态用SEM进行表征。结果表明,复合膜的内层(与工作电极接触的一面)是聚苯胺,外层(与溶液接触的一面)是聚砜,铂粒子在复合膜内层的多孔聚苯胺上均匀沉积,从而使载铂聚苯胺/聚砜复合膜修饰电极对甲醇有好的电催化氧化性能。     

导电聚合物聚苯胺的化学合成

研究了导电聚苯胺化学合成的工艺条件及碳粉添加剂对聚笨胺产率及电导率的影响。用红外光谱及ＸＰＳ分析确定了化学合成聚笨胺的组成及结构为１／２氧化态的聚苯胺盐，它具有与电化学合成聚苯胺相同的结构和良好的电导率。     

PMMA成膜特性的研究

研究了PMMA膜的成膜方法、成膜特性以及作为气敏材料的应用。实验结果表明,PMMA的表面粗糙度与转速密切相关,转速越大,表面粗糙度越小。PMMA的膜厚符合液体动力学方程,旋涂速度越大,膜厚越薄。当旋涂速度为6000rpm时,可得到厚度为42nm的PMMA膜,完全符合气敏材料对膜厚的要求。     

Wettability of polytetrafluoroethylene and polymethyl methacrylate by aqueous solutions of TX-100 and TX-165 mixture with propanol

The measurements of the contact angle of the aqueous solutions of TX-100 and TX-165 mixture with propanol on polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) were carried out. On the basis of the obtained results, the dependence between the cosine of contact angle and surface tension as well as between the adhesion and surface tension of the solutions in the light of the work of adhesion of the solutions to the PTFE and PMMA surface was discussed. The dependence between the adhesion and surface tension for PMMA was correlated to the surface concentration of propanol as well as TX-100 and TX-165 mixture concentration determined from the Frumkin equation at the PMMA-air, PMMA-solution and solution–air interfaces. For this purpose, the surface tension of PMMA covered by a surface active agent film was determined using the Neumann et al. equation and next the PMMA–solution interface tension was evaluated from the Young equation. The values of the surface tension of PMMA covered by propanol and surfactants mixture layer were applied to describe the changes of the adhesion work of solutions to PMMA surface as a function of propanol and surfactants mixture concentration. The adhesion work of the aqueous solutions of TX-100 and TX-165 mixture with propanol to the PTFE and PMMA surfaces was discussed in the light of the adhesion work of particular components of the solutions. On the basis of the results obtained from the contact angle measurements, the standard Gibbs free energy of adsorption of particular components of solution was also considered.     

PMMA/棉花纤维素复合薄膜的制备及性能

为改善聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)的热性能和力学性能,以经过预处理的棉花纤维素为增强体,将PMMA与棉花纤维素溶液按不同比例混合,利用溶液浇铸法制备PMMA/棉花纤维素复合薄膜,并利用热重分析、透光性分析以及拉伸性能测试研究了不同棉花纤维素含量的PMMA/棉花纤维素复合薄膜的性能。结果表明,与PMMA薄膜相比,PMMA/纤维素复合薄膜的热稳定性和力学性能均有所提升,PMMA/纤维素复合薄膜的热分解温度提高8.3%;随着棉花纤维素含量从0增加到15%,拉伸强度从10.53 MPa提升到55.95 MPa,最高提升了431%。此外,复合薄膜的光透过率随着棉花纤维素含量的增加而降低。当棉花纤维素含量为7.5%时,复合薄膜不仅具有良好的力学性能,而且具有较高的透光率,综合性能较好。     

有机玻璃基底镀TiO2/Au/TiO2膜用底涂层的制备

以溶液聚合工艺制备了数均分子量在20000左右、羟基值为40～48mgKOH/g的丙烯酸树脂,将该树脂与固化剂N-75按适宜的比例混合为底涂层,淋涂于800mm×400mm的洁净有机玻璃(PMMA)表面,在真空镀膜机中依次沉积TiO2膜和Au膜,获得了PMMA/底涂/TiO2/Au/TiO2膜。研究了不同配方的丙烯酸树脂合成工艺和混合溶剂的选择及配比对PMMA/底涂/TiO2/Au/TiO2膜性能的影响,讨论了"形变"的原因。研究发现,当乙酸丁酯和丙二醇甲醚醋酸酯以1∶1的质量比为混合溶剂,树脂和混合溶剂的质量比为1∶3时,所得涂膜具有良好的附着力。以Tego270为助剂,其质量分数为0.2%时能有效减少薄膜的"形变"缺陷。     

Conducting polypyrrole composite thin films chemically prepared by spreading on surface of aqueous solution containing oxidizing agent

Polypyrrole–PMMA composite films have been prepared with the chemical oxidative polymerization by spreading the water-insoluble solvent solution of pyrrole and PMMA mixture on the surface of the aqueous solution containing K₂S₂O₈, the oxidizing agent. The conductivity of the films increases rapidly, passes through a plateau, and then decreases gradually as the reaction time increases. The conductivity of the oxidized side of the film is higher by over 1 order of magnitude than that of the evaporated side. It is due to the fact that the former is rich in polypyrrole while the latter is rich in PMMA. The thickness of the films can be controlled by adjusting the PMMA concentration. However, the lower limit of the film thickness is practically in submicron order. The relationship between the transmittance and the logarithm of the conductivity of the films gives a straight line with a gradient, ca. −8. The conductivity of the films is stable on silicagels in a desiccator over 2000 h at 25°C. The conductivity of the film is, however, very sensitive to the moisture in atmosphere and gives rise to decrease with humidity.     

PMMA/SiO_2纳米复合膜表面性能的研究

采用有机硅处理剂对纳米SiO2进行化学修饰,得到表面官能团化的纳米SiO2,然后再通过溶液聚合法制备了聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯/二氧化硅(PMMA/SiO2)纳米复合膜.利用傅里叶红外光谱仪(FT-IR)、扫描电镜(SEM)、原子力显微镜(AFM)、水接触角仪(WCA)对其进行表征.结果表明,经有机硅处理剂官能团化的纳米SiO2能很好地分散于PMMA基体中,SiO2有富集到聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯表面的趋势,加入纳米SiO2降低了聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯表面自由能,提高了膜表面的水接触角.经四氢呋喃溶剂刻蚀后,膜表面的水接触角显著提高,得到憎水型PMMA/SiO2纳米复合膜.     

Nanoscale localization of poly(vinylidene fluoride) in the lamellae of thin films of symmetric polystyrene-poly(methyl methacrylate) diblock copolymers

We employed thin film blends of diblock copolymers with functional homopolymers as a simple strategy to incorporate organic functional materials into nanodomains of diblock copolymers without serious synthesis. A blend pair of polystyrene-poly(methyl methacrylate) (PS-PMMA) diblock copolymers and poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) was selected as a model demonstration because PVDF is a well-known ferroelectric polymer and completely miscible with amorphous PMMA. Thin films of symmetric PS-PMMA copolymers provided the nanometer-sized PMMA lamellae, macroscopically parallel to the substrate, in which PVDF chains were dissolved. Thus, amorphous PVDF chains were effectively confined in the PMMA lamellae of thin film blends. The location of PVDF chains in the PMMA lamellae was investigated by the dependence of the lamellar period on the volume fraction of PVDF, from which we found that PVDF chains were localized in the middle of the PMMA lamellae. After the crystallization of PVDF, however, some of PVDF migrated to the surface of the film and formed small crystallites.     

Preparation and characterization of surfactant-induced nanoporous PMMA film

Porous polymer films were prepared by spin-coating of PMMA solutions that contained surfactant (sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, NaDDBS) at concentrations higher than the critical micelle concentration, and by selectively removing the water-soluble surfactant molecule in distilled water. After removal of NaDDBS, the nanoporous structure was confined by FE-SEM. The resulting pore size was found to be much smaller than the wavelength of the visible light, and therefore, the nanoporous thin films were optically homogeneous. However, when the film was prepared with 30 wt% porogen loading, the resulting porous film became quite opaque and the refractive index could not be measured. The size and the total volume of the pores in the PMMA film increased with the increase in the porogen concentration. Upon increasing the amount of the surfactant in the film, the refractive index of the nanoporous PMMA film changed from 1.493 to 1.483. The refractive index of the nanoporous polymer film was found to be inversely proportional to the porogen concentration and the pore volume. Transparent PMMA films containing nanoscale pores randomly distributed throughout the film thickness are expected to be versatile in optical applications such as the optical waveguide.     

Preparation and characterization of delafossite CuCrO2 film on flexible substrate

Delafossite CuCrO₂ film was successfully prepared on a flexible plastic substrate using a heat transfer process. The metallic acetate of the first layer decomposed to form a carbonized layer for use as a release layer. The thin film was deposited on the first layer by chemical solution deposition and heat treated to form a CuCrO₂ film. After that, the delafossite CuCrO₂ film was transferred from a Si substrate to a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) substrate. The CuCrO₂/PMMA film structure, morphology, and optical properties were studied by different characterization techniques. X-ray diffraction analysis and Raman spectrum analysis confirmed that the delafossite CuCrO₂ film was transferred onto the PMMA substrate. XPS analysis showed that the metallic acetate was annealed in N₂ to form a carbonized layer. The resistivity of the CuCrO₂/PMMA was gauged by a four-point probe method, and the visible light transmittance was approximately 58%.