Fe3＋掺杂的纳米TiO2的水热法制备及光催化性能研究

以钛酸丁酯和Fe(NO3)3·9H2O为原料,采用水热法制备了Fe掺杂的纳米TiO2.利用XRD,TEM和UV-Vis对样品进行了表征,并研究了不同催化剂用量和pH值等因素对光催化降解次甲基蓝的影响.结果表明:Fe掺杂的纳米TiO2吸收带红移,吸收强度增大,在碱性条件下具有更好的光催化性能,催化剂最佳用量为1.0g/L.     

TiO2／海泡石催化剂的光催化降解性能

以钛酸四丁酯为前驱体,采用水解．沉淀法制备纳米TiO2,再将其负载于海泡石上制得TiO2/海泡石催化剂,用X射线衍射和扫描电子显微镜对载体催化剂的形貌及晶型进行了分析．以紫外光为光源,在水溶液中以环境激素邻苯二甲酸二乙酯（DEP）为降解底物进行光催化性能的研究．结果表明：催化剂的用量和TiO2的负载量对光催化降解速率都有影响．其中TiO2/海泡石催化剂的用量起主要作用,更能影响其光催化速度及DEP的降解．当催化剂用量为4g/L、TiO2负载量为30％时,TiO2/海泡石催化剂的催化效果较好．     

掺铁二氧化钛薄膜的自组装制备和光催化性能研究

以TiCl4为钛源,SAMs为模板,Fe（NO3）3·9H2O为铁源,采用自组装方法于低温液相反应体系中分别成功地制备出大面积二维结构纳米的纯净和掺铁Ⅱ0：薄膜,通过拉曼光谱、高分辨透射电镜、荧光发射光谱等方法对样品进行表征,研究紫外光和可见光下纳米薄膜对甲基橙溶液的光催化降解过程以及紫外光下对甲苯的降解效率,探讨了掺铁后对TiO2：的光催化活性的影响,结果表明,此方法不需要高温煅烧即可得到高催化活性的以金红石为主的掺铁二氧化钛纳米薄膜。     

纳米TiO2-Cu2O可见光下光催化降解活性艳红及其机理研究

采用钛酸丁酯水解和肼还原醋酸铜的方法制备出TiO2-Cu2O复合氧化物,研究了TiO2-Cu2O复合光催化剂在可见光照射下光催化降解活性艳红X-3B的性能,考察了催化剂组成、催化剂投加量、溶解氧、H2O2等对光催化反应的影响,探讨了Cu2O及TiO2-Cu2O光催化降解有机污染物的机理。结果表明,由于TiO2和Cu2O之间存在协同作用,使得复合氧化物的活性比单一的Cu2O高。Cu2O光催化的氧化物种为·OH和光生空穴。光生电子(e-)还原吸附在Cu2O表面上的氧,产生超氧阴离子,然后再进一步生成·OH,光生空穴(h+)无法直接将吸附在Cu2O表面的OH-氧化成·OH。     

低温水解法优化制备光催化剂TiO_2

采用低温水解法制备纳米TiO2材料,并用所制备的材料光催化降解甲基橙溶液,以甲基橙的降解率作为评价指标,考察了水浴温度、水钛摩尔比和pH对TiO2光催化性能的影响,通过正交试验优化了制备条件。运用X-射线衍射(XRD),扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)对制备的样品进行了表征。结果表明:pH对TiO2光催化性能的影响最大,水钛摩尔比次之,水浴温度影响最小;而且pH=2,r(H2O/TTIP)=80,T=60℃时,样品的光催化活性最高,8mg/L的甲基橙在紫外光下降解率达85%以上,在模拟自然光下降解率可达60%以上。     

TiO_2纳米颗粒与微米带的制备及催化性能

以钛酸四丁酯为前驱体分别采用溶胶-凝胶法合成TiO2纳米颗粒和模板法合成TiO2微米带,对制备的材料进行差热热重分析、红外光谱、扫描电镜、透射电镜和X射线衍射分析;以甲基橙的脱色降解为模式反应,考察样品的光催化性能。结果表明:以脱脂棉为模板制备出的TiO2微米带,经600℃煅烧,长径比为70,紫外光照射50 min后对甲基橙的催化效率可达90%;600℃煅烧的TiO2纳米颗粒,粒径为80～100 nm,50 min的催化效率仅为75%。     

晶相可调TiO2多孔薄膜的低温制备及其性能

采用低温方法制备了金红石含量可调TiO2多孔薄膜,并用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、BET比表面积测量仪和透射电镜(TEM)对其进行了表征。以甲基橙(MO)为光催化反应的模型化合物,研究了TiO2多孔薄膜的光催化活性以及重复使用效果。结果表明:随金红石含量增加,TiO2薄膜的紫外光催化活性减小,而可见光催化活性增加;在金红石含量相近的条件下,水热合成TiO2薄膜的紫外和可见光催化活性均高于机械混合TiO2薄膜;TiO2薄膜的光催化重复使用性能良好。当其它实验条件相同时改变MO溶液的初始pH值,其最大降解效率发生在pH=3.00时。光电共同催化效果优于光催化。     

PEO改性纳米TiO2/LDPE复合薄膜的光降解性能

以聚氧乙烯(PEO)改性纳米TiO2颗粒作为光催化剂,与低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)树脂复合制备了一种新型可光催化降解的TiO2/LDPE纳米复合薄膜,进行了该薄膜在空气中紫外光照下的光催化降解实验。通过表面接触角、失重率、红外光谱(FT-IR)和扫描电镜(SEM)等分析技术系统地研究了该复合薄膜的降解性能。结果表明,PEO的加入能提高薄膜的亲水性和TiO2的分散性,提高TiO2的光催化活性,有利于促进LDPE薄膜的降解。TiO2/PEO/LDPE复合薄膜在0.8mW/cm2紫外光强下照射425h,失重率达到15.2%;在4mW/cm2紫外光强下照射500h,失重率达到38.1%。光照后薄膜的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率显著降低,羰基指数升高。     

壳聚糖／TiO2催化剂的制备及其光催化降解性能研究

以壳聚糖为模板剂,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了具有较高分散性、热稳定性和光催化活性的TiO2-CS粒子。采用傅立叶红外光谱（FT—IR）对产物进行了分析和表征。并考察了CS负载量、产物用量、pH值等因素对光催化降解甲基橙的影响。结果表明：对于100mL浓度为10mg／L的甲基橙溶液,CS负载量为80％时光催化活性最好,该催化剂最佳用量为0．40g：pH值对光催化降解甲基橙有一定影响,在pH为5．0-7．0条件下降解效率较高。降解率随光照时间的增加而增加,最后逐渐趋缓。TiO2-CS光催化剂降解甲基橙的效率比普通TiO2要高。     

氮镍共掺杂TiO2纳米管的制备及其光催化性能

为了制备在高温焙烧后能保持良好管形结构的可见光响应的TiO2纳米管,通过NH4Cl水-溶剂热和Ni(NO3)2浸渍法对传统水热法合成的TiO2纳米管进行掺氮和掺镍改性。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、紫外-可见漫反射(UV-vis DRS)和荧光光谱(PL)等方法对样品进行了表征,并以甲基橙(MO)为光催化降解模型,考察了可见光下制备的样品的光催化性能。结果表明,NH4Cl水-溶剂热掺氮处理可提高TiO2纳米管的管状结构的热稳定性;氮镍共掺杂元素之间的协同作用增强了催化剂对可见光的吸收能力,并且能有效地抑制光生电子空穴的复合,Ni/Ti添加量为0.3%的催化剂具有较高的光催化活性。可见光照射210min,氮镍共掺杂TiO2纳米管对MO的可见光降解率比单独氮和镍掺杂的TiO2分别提高了9.1%和21.2%。     

Photocatalytic degradation of Direct Red 23 dye using UV/TiO2: Effect of operational parameters

In this study, the photocatalytic degradation of Direct Red 23 (Scarlet F-4BS) was investigated in UV/TiO2 system. The effect of catalyst loading and pH on the reaction rate was ascertained and optimum conditions for maximum degradation were determined. The results obtained showed that acidic pH is proper for the photocatalytic removal of Direct Red 23. In addition, the effects of several cations (Cu2+, Al3+, Cr3+, and Sn4+) and anions (BiO3(-), SO4(2-), and CN(-)) and C2H5OH were examined in this photocatalytic process. On the order hand, three types of catalysts (Fe2O3, SnO2, and ZnO) were compared with TiO2. After 90 min reaction, the relative decomposition order established was UV/TiO2>UV/SnO2>UV/Fe2O3>UV/ZnO.     

Photodegradation of an azo dye using immobilized nanoparticles of TiO2 supported by natural porous mineral

Natural mordenite, replacing the synthetic zeolites, has been employed as the support of TiO2, and its photocatalytic activity has been examined in methyl orange (MO) aqueous under UV light. AFM, TEM, XRD, FTIR and fluorescence spectra have been used to reveal the loading effects of TiO2 on mordenite. The results show that the photocatalytic degradation (PCD) reaction rates are sharply increased by natural zeolite supports. Since mordenite is photo-inert, the PCD-enhancement is mostly caused by the bonding effects of Ti-O-Si and Ti-O-Al. Moreover, another two distinct natural zeolites have been employed as the supports of TiO2, in order to check the universality of PCD-enhancement effect of natural zeolites on TiO2. And the factors of PCD reaction on TiO2-zeolite, such as pH and catalyst dose, have been investigated.     

TiO2／膨胀石墨复合材料的制备及光催化性能的研穷

采用快速升温法制备出以膨胀石墨为载体的TiO2／膨胀石墨光催化剂，用SEM及XRD对其表面形貌及结构进行表征，研究了光催化剂在紫外光照射下的催化能力，探讨了目标降解物溶液的初始浓度及其pH值对光催化剂的降解能力的影响。结果发现，负载量为10％的光催化剂对40mg／L的亚甲基兰溶液5h的光降解率达到58．83％，甲基橙为51．12％。     

TiO2/膨胀石墨复合材料的制备及其对亚甲基兰的光催化降解

采用快速升温法制备出以膨胀石墨为载体的TiO2/膨胀石墨光催化剂,用SEM及XRD对其表面形貌及结构进行表征,研究了该负载型光催化剂在紫外光照射下的催化能力,探讨了在催化剂中TiO2的负载量、亚甲基兰溶液的初始浓度及其pH值对光催化剂的降解能力的影响.结果发现,负载量为10%的光催化剂对40mg/L的亚甲基兰溶液5h的光降解率达到58.8%.     

Studies on photodegradation of two commercial dyes in aqueous phase using different photocatalysts

The present study involves the photocatalytic degradation of Methyl Orange (MO) and Rhodamine 6G (R6G), employing heterogeneous photocatalytic process. Photocatalytic activity of various semiconductors such as titanium dioxide (TiO(2)), zinc oxide (ZnO), stannic oxide (SnO(2)), zinc sulphide (ZnS) and cadmium sulphide (CdS) has been investigated. An attempt has been made to study the effect of process parameters viz., amount of catalyst, concentration of dye and pH on photocatalytic degradation of MO and R6G. The experiments were carried out by irradiating the aqueous solutions of dyes containing photocatalysts with UV and solar light. The rate of decolorization was estimated from residual concentration spectrophotometrically. Similar experiments were carried out by varying pH (2-10), amount of catalyst (0.25-2.0g/l) and initial concentration of dye (5-200mg/l). The experimental results indicated that the maximum decolorization (more than 90%) of dyes occurred with ZnO catalyst and at basic pH and the maximum adsorption of MO was noticed at pH 4 and of R6G at pH 10. The percentage reduction of MO and R6G was estimated under UV/solar system and it was found that COD reduction takes place at a faster rate under solar light as compared to UV light. In case of R6G, highest decolorizing efficiency was achieved with lower dose of catalyst (0.5g/l) than MO (1g/l) under similar conditions. The performance of photocatalytic system employing ZnO/solar light was observed to be better than ZnO/UV system.     

FeVO_4光催化剂降解甲基橙研究

实验采用液相沉淀法制备了三斜型FeVO4光催化剂,采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等方法对样品结构和形貌进行分析和表征,在40W紫外灯(主波长为253.7nm)照射下降解一定浓度的甲基橙溶液,研究其对甲基橙溶液降解效果.研究了催化剂用量、甲基橙初始浓度、光强度及pH值对甲基橙降解率的影响.     

纳米WO3/TiO2的制备及光催化甲烷和水的反应性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了WO3/TiO2纳米复合催化剂,通过XRD、IR、UVDRS技术对材料的表面性质与构造、光响应性能进行了表征,并研究了该催化剂作用下光催化甲烷和水生成甲醇的反应性能;考察了煅烧温度、WO3掺杂量对光催化活性的影响,并研究了反应条件对甲醇产量的影响。结果表明:掺入WO3使TiO2光催化活性提高,扩大了光激发波长范围;催化剂煅烧温度为600℃、WO3摩尔分数为3%时,光催化性能最佳;在紫外光照射下,光激发WO3/TiO2表面产生光生空穴,催化甲烷转化为甲醇,甲烷转化率为16.2%,对甲醇的选择性达到76%。     

Titanium dioxide-mediated heterogeneous photocatalytic degradation of terbufos: parameter study and reaction pathways

The photocatalytic degradation of terbufos in aqueous suspensions was investigated by using titanium dioxide (TiO(2)) as a photocatalyst. About 99% of terbufos was degraded after UV irradiation for 90 min. Factors such as pH of the system, TiO(2) dosage, and presence of anions were found to influence the degradation rate. Photodegradation of terbufos by TiO(2)/UV exhibited pseudo-first-order reaction kinetics, and a reaction quantum yield of 0.289. The electrical energy consumption per order of magnitude for photocatalytic degradation of terbufos was calculated and showed that a moderated efficiency (E(EO)=71 kWh/(m(3)order)) was obtained in TiO(2)/UV process. To obtain a better understanding of the mechanistic details of this TiO(2)-assisted photodegradation of terbufos with UV irradiation, the intermediates of the processes were separated, identified, and characterized by the solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) technique. The probable photodegradation pathways were proposed and discussed.     

“三明治”双极膜的制备及其在降解含酚废水中的应用

纳米TiO₂上负载纳米Pt以制备纳米Pt/TiO₂半导体光催化剂, 壳聚糖(CS)经纳米Pt/TiO₂改性后作为阴膜层材料, 以羧甲基纤维素(CMC)作为阳膜层材料, 分别用戊二醛与FeCl₃对阴、阳膜层进行交联改性, 制备了CMC-Pt/TiO₂-CS双极膜, 并将该复合膜作为降解高浓度含酚废水电解槽的隔膜。结果表明: Pt/TiO₂光催化剂可促进双极膜中间层水的解离, 大大降低双极膜的膜阻抗和电阻电压降(IR降); 同时, Pt/TiO₂光催化剂表面生成的羟基自由基(·OH)可直接作用于苯酚, 使其彻底降解成无机小分子; 紫外光照下在16.7 mA·cm^-2的电流密度下电解高浓度含酚废水80 min后, CMC-Pt/TiO₂-CS 双极膜的苯酚降解率比CMC-TiO₂-CS 双极膜的苯酚降解率高12.7%; 整个电解过程CMC-Pt/TiO₂-CS 双极膜的膜电阻电压降保持在0.9 V。