590MPa级压力容器用TMCP钢组织和性能的研究

通过OM、SEM、力学检测等方法研究了TMCP加回火型590MPa级压力容器用钢的组织形貌和性能.结果表明,试验钢的力学性能满足屈服强度ReL不小于470MPa,抗拉强度Rm不小于590MPa,伸长率A不小于17%,-20℃冲击功Akv不小于60J的设计要求,且具有良好的强韧性匹配.在TMCP状态下,试验钢组织为铁素体加贝氏体加少量马氏体,断口呈解理特征,回火后组织为铁素体加回火索氏体,断口呈韧窝特征,韧窝中夹杂物主要为Al2O3+MnS的复合夹杂物.随着回火温度的提高,试样断口韧窝变得大而深,分布更均匀,塑韧性得到明显改善,合理的回火温度为620～650℃.     

非调质钢中MnS分布对轧材横向塑性的影响

为了探究实际生产中非调质钢轧材横向塑性波动较大的原因,利用电子显微镜对比研究了连铸坯、轧材和拉伸试样断口中MnS夹杂物形貌及其演变行为,并对轧材横纵截面MnS夹杂物的尺寸、数量以及分布特征进行定量化表征,发现MnS夹杂物的分布特征是影响轧材横向塑性的关键。MnS夹杂物聚集分布,拉伸试样在受力过程中大量微裂纹在局部同时萌生,导致试样提前断裂,形成木质状的断口形貌,轧材表现出较差的横向塑性。当MnS夹杂物分布较为均匀时,拉伸试样受力相对均匀,应力集中小,轧材横向塑性较好。轧材中MnS夹杂物的分布行为主要取决于铸态下MnS夹杂物的形貌。减少铸态下II类树枝状MnS数量,是改善最终轧材横向塑性的关键。     

Q235B中厚钢板伸长率不合格原因分析

通过利用金相显微镜观察Q235B铜板伸长率不合格试样的组织、夹杂物级别,利用扫描电镜能谱议对试样断口形貌、夹杂物分布、夹杂物成分进行分析,确定造成Q235B钢板延伸率不合格主要是由于铜中夹杂物多,特别是MnS夹杂物较多且分布不均造成的。     

铁素体钢中白点缺陷的检验分析

 通过金相显微镜、扫描电镜等分析方法对铁素体钢低倍检验后发现的疑似白点缺陷进行了分析判断,发现疑似白点缺陷在金相显微镜下呈锯齿状裂纹,为白点裂纹形貌特征。通过对低倍试样上断口的检验发现,低碳铁素体钢宏观断口处分布有银灰色圆形斑点,为白点缺陷特征,铁素体不锈钢宏观断口无明显白点特征,但铁素体不锈钢的疑似白点显微断口有沿晶断裂和以夹杂物为裂纹源的解理断裂两种,都具有氢脆断口特征,由此判断,两种铁素体钢中缺陷均为白点缺陷。铁素体不锈钢中的白点缺陷与常见白点断口上的浮云状、波纹状、解理羽毛、显微疏松等形貌特征有所不同,而且不同铁素体不锈钢试样上的白点缺陷断口形貌也不同,一处为沿晶断裂,一处为以夹杂物为裂纹源的解理断裂。     

钛合金TB5板坯脆断原因分析

通过对发生脆性断裂的钛合金TB5试制板坯的化学成分、断口形貌、微观组织进行分析,结果表明板坯化学成分均匀,满足国标要求;断口呈解理及准解理断裂特征,断口有析出相存在,但无夹杂物出现;板坯组织为粗大的等轴晶,晶内有长针片状的析出相,分布均匀且规则.分析显示:板坯发生脆断行为与化学成分无关,导致板坯脆性断裂的原因是板坯晶粒粗大,同时晶粒内析出了粗大的析出相,割裂了β基体,阻碍变形时位错运动,严重降低了板坯的塑性.     

高强度船板断口合格率影响机理探讨

通过低倍酸浸、断口形貌、金相组织等分析方法,对高强度船板拉伸断口不合的机理进行了讨论分析,指出断口分层是断口不合的主要表现形式,分层与钢板内部的马氏体、贝氏体异常组织和长条状MnS夹杂有关,而异常组织和长条状MnS夹杂的出现是由于铸坯的中心偏析和中间裂纹造成的。     

Ce对A36船板钢显微组织和力学性能的影响

采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和室温拉伸等检测技术研究了A36稀土船板钢的组织与力学性能。结果表明,在钢中添加稀土会细化和均匀组织,使铁素体晶粒明显变小,带状珠光体组织更加弥散地分布在铁素体基体中。稀土元素的加入能改善钢的力学性能,使抗拉强度提高了6%,屈服强度提高了8%,断面收缩率和伸长率均有提高。通过拉伸断口的宏观和微观形貌分析,A36稀土钢的断口呈韧性断裂,断口韧窝明显变深变小,在韧窝底部有球状夹杂物出现,经能谱分析,夹杂物主要是稀土硫氧化物和铝酸盐。     

车轮钢中的白点(一)

研究了车轮钢中白点形成的机理以及白点对断口形貌的影响.结果表明,氢和空位聚集导致鼓泡形核和长大,随着鼓泡内氢气压力的升高,裂纹从鼓泡核壁形核、扩展导致白点形成.白点的断口为准解理,和氢致滞后开裂断口相同,含白点试样的断口形貌依赖于断裂方式和试样厚度.钢中的白点除了产生二次裂纹和局部准解理断面外,对各种断口形貌均没有明显的影响.     

Q345B钢Z向拉伸断口形貌的分析

通过对不同炉、批次Q345B钢Z向拉伸断口形貌进行分析,研究了断口形貌与塑性夹杂物级别和Z向断面收缩率（Z）之间的关系,指出在一定的硫含量条件下,塑性夹杂物级别是决定断口形貌及Z向断面收缩率的关键.     

板材拉力分层检验的分析和研究

对马钢生产的高强度船板拉力分层样,进行了断口形貌和组织形貌观察分析,检测结果表明,板材中心带状珠光体严重,并有长条状MnS和Nb颗粒分布,试样中心区域塑性较差,断口中心区域为解理断裂,检验结果为分析分层原因,改善产品质量提供参考。     

原位观察MnS对非调质钢拉伸性能各向异性的影响

利用激光共聚焦扫描显微镜原位观察S质量分数为0.065%的非调质钢纵向与横向拉伸过程中MnS的行为,研究MnS形貌与分布对非调质钢各向异性的影响.原位观察表明锻后钢中存在大量长条形MnS,横向与纵向拉伸过程中MnS长度方向与拉力方向取向不同.横向拉伸过程中MnS更易与基体分离产生裂纹,裂纹随MnS长度方向扩展长大,最终导致基体的断裂.MnS在纵向拉伸时不易与基体分离,因此对纵向拉伸性能影响较小.钢中群聚分布的MnS有利于裂纹的聚合长大,会促进基体的断裂.      

中厚钢板冷弯成型时脆性开裂原因分析

通过对 0 9CuPCrNi钢板冷弯开裂断面扫描电镜观察 ,结合开裂部位金相组织、夹杂、磷偏析等的综合分析 ,认为该钢冷弯开裂属偏析带脆性开裂。钢中存在的较强的磷偏析、层片状分布的MnS夹杂及表面微裂纹三者综合导致了弯背的脆性开裂。     

Effects of Inclusions on Delayed Fracture Properties of Three TWinning Induced Plasticity (TWIP) Steels

In the present study, delayed fracture properties of a high-Mn TWinning Induced Plasticity (TWIP) steel and two Al-added TWIP steels were examined by dipping tests of cup specimens in the boiled water, after which the microcrack formation behavior was analyzed. The TWIP steels contained a small amount of elongated MnS inclusions, spherical-shaped AlN particles, and submicron-sized (Fe,Mn)₃C carbides. Since MnS inclusions worked as crack initiation sites, longitudinal cracks were formed along the cup forming direction mostly by MnS inclusions. These cracks were readily grown when high tensile residual stresses affected the cracking or hydrogen atoms were gathered inside cracks, which resulted in the delayed fracture. In the Al-added steels, MnS inclusions acted as crack initiation and propagation sites during cup forming or boiled-water dipping test, but residual stresses applied to MnS might be low for the crack initiation and growth. Thus, longitudinal cracks formed by MnS inclusions did not work much for delayed fracture. AlN particles present in the Al-added steels hardly acted as crack initiation or growth sites for the delayed fracture because of their spherical shape.     

钛稀土复合处理对C--Mn钢粗晶热影响区组织及韧性的影响

利用Gleeble-1500D热模拟机进行焊接热影响区热循环模拟实验,研究了在焊接热输入为65 kJ·cm-1时稀土单独处理和钛稀土复合处理对C-Mn钢粗晶热影响区组织及冲击韧性的影响,并利用扫描电镜观察和分析了实验钢中的夹杂物和冲击断口形貌,利用光镜观察了热循环模拟后实验钢中的微观组织.实验结果表明:稀土单独处理和钛稀土复合处理的试样微观组织分别主要是晶界铁素体+块状铁素体+针状铁素体和晶界铁素体+晶内针状铁素体.经稀土单独处理的试样中夹杂物为La₂O₂S+锰铝硅酸盐+MnS复合夹杂;钛稀土复合处理的试样中的夹杂主要是La₂O₂S+TiO_x+锰铝硅酸盐+MnS复合夹杂.钛稀土复合处理钢中的复合夹杂更细小,有利于形成细小的晶内针状铁素体.钛稀土复合处理极大地改善了实验钢的焊接热影响区低温冲击韧性,比稀土单独处理对试样的冲击性能提升效果更好.      

Effect of Zr addition on morphology characteristics of MnS inclusions in medium carbon high sulfur free cutting steel

In order to improve the morphology characteristics of MnS inclusions in medium carbon high sulfur free-cutting steel, Zr alloy with different contents were added into the 2kg vacuum induction furnace in laboratory, and the characteristics of oxides and sulfides in steel with different Zr additions were investigated with scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM-EDS). The formation mechanism and process of different MnS inclusions were analyzed with thermodynamic software Thermo-Calc. The results show that sulfides in the experimental steel without Zr element are mainly type II MnS with cluster morphology and a small number of type I MnS with large size, and the size and spatial distribution of the sulfides are extremely uneven. After adding 0.0015 mass% of Zr element, the sulfides in the steel are mainly distributed along the grain boundary with cluster morphology. Complex sulfides account for only 01%. As the Zr content further increases to 0.0051 mass%, fine and pure ZrO2 particles are generated in the steel, which provides a sufficient oxide nucleus for MnS formation, weakens the distribution behavior of sulfides in grain boundary polymers, and improves the distribution uniformity of sulfides. Thus, oxides in steel can be used to improve the morphology of sulfides even under the condition of high S/O ratio. The key is to obtain second phase particles with fine size and efficient nucleation ability.     

中碳高硫易切削钢中Zr添加对MnS夹杂物形貌特征的影响

摘要：为改善中碳高硫易切削钢中MnS夹杂物形貌特征,在2kg真空感应炉开展了钢中添加Zr金属的试验。利用SEM-EDS研究了不同Zr含量下钢中氧化物和硫化物的形貌特征,并利用Thermo-Calc软件分析了中碳高硫易切削钢中不同种类MnS的形成过程和机制。结果表明：不添加Zr元素的试验钢中,硫化物主要为簇状形貌的II类,以及少量大尺寸的I类,尺寸和空间分布都很不均匀。加了质量分数为0.0015%的Zr元素后,钢中硫化物基本上是以沿晶界分布的簇状形貌存在,复合硫化物占比只有0.1%。随着Zr质量分数进一步增加至0.0051%,钢中主要生成细小的、纯ZrO2氧化物粒子,为硫化物提供了大量形核核心,减弱了硫化物在晶界聚集的分布行为,提高了硫化物的分布均匀性。试验结果表明,高硫氧比条件下,同样可以利用钢中氧化物粒子改善MnS形貌,关键是得到细小尺寸、高效形核效果的第二相粒子。     

中厚钢板探伤不合格的原因及预防

针对邯钢Q345RT中厚板生产中出现的钢板探伤不合格缺陷,并且在钢板缺陷处取样,断口有时存在层状现象.采用化学分析、气体含量检验、铸坯低倍检验、金相组织分析和扫描电镜、断口形貌分析等方法,分析钢板探伤不合格的原因.结果表明：铸坯中心偏析严重,因偏析产生的少量马氏体、贝氏体组织导致轧后应力集中,在冷却速度较快的条件下钢板产生微裂纹,以条状MnS和CaO-A12O3为基体的硫化物夹杂和硅酸盐类夹杂物较高,铸坯中氢含量偏高引起氢致裂纹,均可导致钢板探伤不合格.通过控制炼钢工艺过程,减少了铸坯中的夹杂物和氢含量,该中厚板探伤合格率由92％提高到98.2％.     

Indentation loading studies of acoustic emission from temper and hydrogen embrittled A533B steel

Isothermal tempering at 500 °C (within the region rendering low alloy steels susceptible to reversible temper embrittlement) induced acoustic emission activity in A533B steel during indentation loading. Samples, when sectioned, were found to contain small (∼10 μm long) MnS inclusions, some of which had debonded from the matrix material when they were near the indentations. Hydrogen charging prior to testing greatly enhanced the acoustic emission activity. It also resulted in the formation of small (∼20 to 200 μm) microcracks in samples tempered at 500 °C. These microcracks, when examined by optical metallography, appear to have propagated along prior austenite grain boundaries, consistent with fractographic observations of temper embrittlement in other low alloy steels. Many were nucleated by MnS inclusion debonding and all were confined to within a few hundred micrometers of the sample surface and within two or three indenter diameters from the indent. It is proposed that trace impurities (P, As, Sb, Sn) diffuse during the 500 °C temper to both the MnS inclusion interfaces and the prior austenite grain boundaries, reducing local cohesive strength. The tensile field created by the indenter debonds inclusions to form crack nuclei. Moderate acoustic emission results. In the absence of hydrogen these void nuclei may grow but do not coalesce to form observable cracks. The prior austenite grain boundaries, which in contrast to the dispersed inclusions can provide continuous crack paths, are not sufficiently temper embrittled to fracture without the assistance of hydrogen at these stresses. Hydrogen charging induces a high hydrogen concentration in a surface layer of the sample. This reduces further the grain boundary cohesion, and cracks initiated at inclusions are able to propagate along continuous grain boundary paths, generating additional energetic acoustic emission signals. This process can continue after unloading the indenter due to hydrogen diffusion to the residual stress field.     

高强度船板拉伸断口分层原因分析

针对高强度船板拉伸试样断口出现分层的问题,对典型断口分层试样和断口合格试样取样进行金相检验及扫描电镜能谱分析,结果表明,异常断口试样夹杂物级别高,试样心部组织晶粒粗大,带状组织明显且有裂纹,分析认为,2.0级以上的硅酸盐夹杂和MnS夹杂、28μm宽的珠光体带及Ti、Nb元素的富集是导致拉伸裂纹进而出现断口分层的主要原因。