PWM型DC/DC开关变换器的自抗扰控制策略

文章介绍了自抗扰控制器的原理和结构。结合开关变换器脉动和非线性的特点，介绍了自抗扰控制器在DC—DC开关变换器中的应用；并对具体的Buck电路进行了建模、仿真和实验，结果验证了控制策略的优良性。     

固定频率PWM微功率DC／DC变换器设计

在电池供电的计算机、消费类产品和工业设备中,DC／DC变换器是重要的部件。变换器有两种类型：线性变换器和开关变换器。开关变换器主要有三种拓扑结构：降压变换器（开关稳压器将一输入电压变换成一较低的稳定输出电压）;升压变换器（开关稳压器将一输入电压变换成一较高的稳定输出电压）;逆向变换器（开关稳压器将一输入电压变换成一较低的稳定反相输出电压）。在此用Motorola的MC33466微功率开关稳压器来设计降压变换器、升压变换器和逆向变换器。MC33466器件具有非常低的静态偏置电流（典型值15pA）,含有高精度电压基准、振荡器…     

移相控制ZVC PWM DC／DC全桥变换器的设计

就谐振软开关技术在DC／DC变换器中广泛应用,介绍了一种移相控制ZVC PWM DC／DC全桥变换器的设计方法,其包括功率开关管参数选取、主变压器设计、换流电感设计、缓冲电容选择及参数验算等。     

一种电流型DC／DC变换器的研制

提出电流型开关变换器的优点,介绍了高速电流型PWM控制器UC3825B的特点,研制了1MHz电流型PWM DC／DC变换器,并给出原理框图,文中的同步流电路在输出低电压、大电流方面有较高应用价值。     

PWM DC／DC变换器的应用

在数字电路的设计中,电源是一个关键部分。数字电路大多需要直流稳压电源,且由于芯片种类繁多,所需电压也多不一样,于是DC/DC直流变换器得到了大量应用。目前使用较多的DC/DC变换器是PWM(Pulse Width Modulation,脉冲宽度调制)开关变换器,通过控制电压振荡波形占空因数来得到     

多相PWM控制DC／DC变换器

概述 近年来,随着一些高性能CPU的出现,如Pentium 4、Athlon等,需要输出电压更小,更大电流的DC/DC变换器,对热性能、EMI及负载瞬变应答(Load Transient)的要求也不断提高。传统的单相DC/DC变换器日益显示出局限性。多相DC/DC变换器以其独特的性能,为高性能CPU电源的解决方案开辟的一条新路。     

电子负载用软开关DC/DC变换器的实现

讨论了软开关技术在电子负载DC／DC变换器中的应用，并介绍了利用数字信号处理器实现的移相控制方法，研制了以TMS320F240为控制核心的6kW DC/DC变换器样机。     

新颖的含PFC的PWM ZVX AC—DC变换器

提出了一种新的具有功率因数补偿（ＰＦＣ）功能的零电压开关（ＺＶＳ）ＡＣ－ＤＣ变换器基于不连续导电模式（ＤＣＭ）下的Ｂｏｏｓｔ环节实现ＰＦＣ功能,但其具有ＺＶＳ机制从而解决了ＤＣＭ下因开关关断大的峰值电流引起的关断同、ＥＭＩ严重的问题,同时还消除了由于开关的寄生电容引起的开通损耗,该变换器可以采用通用控制芯片并工作在ＰＷＭ模式,文中分析了提出变换器的工作原理,并给出了基本设计原则,模拟和实验结果证明     

5V／10W DC—DC变换器

用3端DC－DCPWM开关TOP414G构成的SV10W隔离的DC－DC变换器示于图1。此变换器具有宽输入范围（36～72VDC输入）,输出5V2．0A。图1中的TOP414G是PowerIntegrations公司一款3端DC－DCPWM开关,它具有DC－DC变换器所需的所有功能。它含有：带控制导通栅极驱动器的高压N沟道功率MOSFET,带集成120kHz振荡器的电压模式PWM控制器,高电压启动偏置电路,带隙分支基准,环路补偿的偏置并联调节器／误差放大器和失效保护电路（见图2）。在图1的变换器电路中最大元件高度是12mm。EFD－20变压器铁芯的选择适合这个最大元件高度…     

软开关高功率密度DC／DC变换器发展动态

本文介绍了世界开关电源市场中DC/DC变换器向高功率密度化发展的主要趋势及世界市场对高功率密度DC/DC产品的需求现况。软开关DC/DC产品的问世标志着第一代PWM高功率密度DC/DC变换器将完成其历史使命;被称为第二代高功率密度DC/DC变换器的软开关DC/DC将成为未来的主流产品。本文还介绍了软开关DC/DC的代表性产品,美国Vicor开关电源公司的VI-300系列DC/DC变换器的主要特点。     

A quasioptimal on-line control of AC/DC PWM converters

An approximate procedure for on-line computing the loss-optimal values of the switching angles in a class of pulse width modulated converters is presented. The proposed technique is independent of the constants of the circuit and allows one to obtain a given power in the DC load with minimum loss of energy in the AC and DC filters. This corresponds to have a quasisinusoidal supply current with minimum ripple on the output load. Simulation and experimental results confirm the practical feasibility of the method     

Advanced regular-sampled PWM control techniques for drives andstatic power converters

Regular-sampled PWM techniques have been developed to reproduce the harmonic-elimination and harmonic minimization PWM power convertor characteristics. These new regular-sampled PWM control strategies significantly reduce the computational requirements for real-time microprocessor-based PWM implementation. This results in simplified and more efficient microprocessor software/hardware requirements, leading to real-time PWM generation with minimized harmonics, suitable for drives and uninterruptible power supplies     

Modeling PWM DC/DC converters out of basic converter units

An alternative approach to modeling pulsewidth-modulated (PWM) DC/DC converters out of basic converter units (BCUs) is presented in this paper. Typical PWM DC/DC converters include the well-known buck, boost, buck-boost, Cuk, Zeta, and Sepic. With proper reconfiguration, these converters can be represented in terms of either buck or boost converter and linear devices, thus, the buck and boost converters are named BCUs. The PWM converters are, consequently, categorized into buck and boost families. With this categorization, the small-signal models of these converters are readily derived in terms of h parameter (for buck family) and g parameter (for boost family). Using the proposed approach, not only can one find a general configuration for converters in a family, but one can yield the same small-signal models as those derived from the direct state-space averaging method. Additionally, modeling of quasi-resonant converters and multiresonant converters can be simplified when adopting the proposed approach     

Soft-switching techniques in PWM converters

A number of soft-switching pulse-width-modulated (PWM) converter techniques have been proposed, aimed at combining the desirable features of both the conventional PWM and resonant converters while avoiding their respective limitations. In this paper, three classes of zero-voltage soft-switching (PWM) converters (namely the zero-voltage-switched (ZVS) quasi-square-wave converters, ZVS-PWM converters, and zero-voltage-transition PWM converters) and two classes of zero-current soft-switching PWM converters (namely, the zero-current-switched PWM converters and zero-current-transition PWM converters) are reviewed, and their merits and limitations are assessed. Experimental results of several prototype of converters are presented to illustrate each class of converter     

Optimal feed-forward compensation for PWM DC/DC converters with`linear' and `quadratic' conversion ratio

An analytical procedure to optimize the feedforward compensation for any PWM DC/DC power converters is described. Achieving zero DC audiosusceptibility was found to be possible for the buck, buck-boost, Cuk, and SEPIC cells; for the boost converter, however, only nonoptimal compensation is feasible. Rules for the design of PWM controllers and procedures for the evaluation of the hardware-introduced errors are discussed. A PWM controller implementing the optimal feedforward compensation for buck-boost, Cuk, and SEPIC cells is described and fully experimentally characterized     

Current distribution control design for paralleled DC/DC converters using sliding-mode control

This paper shows the analysis and design of a parallel-connected converter system using sliding mode control techniques. The design is particularised for a system that consists of N boost converters and a current feedback loop based on a proportional-integral compensator of the output voltage error. The paper emphasises the advantages of the sliding-mode control over the classic design method based on small-signal models, thus providing an effective and robust means of controlling nonlinear multi-input converters. The design is based on the Utkin conditions, which permit us to know the regions under which a sliding mode exists. This fact allows us to design the compensator and to introduce some modifications in the control loop that avoids input-current overshoots during the system startup. Simple design expressions are obtained and verified with simulation and experimental results, thus showing the improvements achieved with the proposed modifications.     

Soft-switched DC/DC converter with PWM control

In this paper, a new power converter with two variations is proposed. A novel asymmetrical pulse-width-modulation (PWM) control scheme is used to control the power converter under constant switching frequency operation. The modes of operation for both variations are discussed. The DC characteristics, which can be used in the design of the power converters, are also presented. Two 50 W power converters were built to verify the characteristics of the converters. Due to the zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) operation of the switches and low device voltage and current stresses, these power converters have high full- and partial-load efficiencies. They are, therefore, potential candidates for high-efficiency high-density power supply applications     

Comparison of single-sensor current control in the DC link forthree-phase voltage-source PWM converters

This paper presents a technique for reconstructing converter line currents using the information from a single current sensor in the DC link of a converter and comparative evaluation of the performance of single sensor control techniques in the DC link for voltage-source pulsewidth modulation (V-S PWM) converters. When 3φ input currents cannot be reconstructed, three methods to acquire the DC-link current are compared. Two of them are methods of modifying the switching state (I, II), and another is a method of using the predictive state observer. Also, compensation of sampling delay, and a simultaneous sample value of input currents in the center of a switching period are included. Suitable criteria for the comparison are identified, and the differences in the performance of these methods are investigated through experimental results for a typical V-S PWM converter rated at 10 kVA     

Lyapunov-based control for three-phase PWM AC/DC voltage-sourceconverters

The three-phase pulsewidth modulation (PWM) AC/DC voltage-source converter with the control laws proposed so far is not only unstable against large-signal disturbances, but also has the problem that its stability depends on the circuit parameters such as the DC-output capacitance. This paper describes a new control law based on Lyapunov's stability theory. It is shown that the converter can be stabilized globally for handling large-signal disturbances. The resulting closed-loop system not only guarantees a sufficient stability region (independent of the circuit parameters) in the state space, but also exhibits good transient response both in the rectifying and regenerating modes. Also, a new simulation technique is introduced which increases the speed of the simulation process considerably. Computer simulations are presented to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy and the validity of the simulation technique. Experimental results are also presented to verify the theoretical and simulation studies