添加Ni对激光熔覆CuAl10铜合金组织与性能的影响

为进一步提高Cu Al10合金激光熔覆层的耐蚀性能,研究添加不同质量分数的Ni对Cu Al10熔覆层组织及性能的影响。采用HPDL-D30半导体激光设备,用同步送粉的方式在316L不锈钢基体表面进行激光熔覆。借助扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)、X射线衍射(XRD)对激光熔覆层进行组织、成分及物相分析,并使用显微硬度计进行硬度分析和电化学工作站进行耐蚀性能分析。研究结果表明:添加Ni元素的铜合金熔覆层与基体金属冶金结合,组织分布均匀;添加Ni能显著提高激光熔覆层的耐蚀性能,随着Ni含量的增加,其耐蚀性呈增强趋势,Ni质量分数为6.0%时,耐蚀性能达到最优;未添加Ni元素的熔覆层物相主要以α-Cu,α-Fe,Al Fe3,Cu9Al4组成,添加Ni元素的熔覆层物相主要由α-Cu,α-(Cu,Ni),Al Cu3,Cu9Al4组成。     

钛合金表面NiCrBSi激光熔覆层的组织与耐磨性研究

在 TC4合金表面进行了激光熔覆 Ni Cr BSi涂层的试验 ,结果表明 ,激光熔覆层在微观结构上存在熔覆区、结合区和基体热影响区三个区域。熔覆区的组织是在初晶 γ Ni和 γ Ni、Ni3B、硅化物组成的多元共晶基底上分布着 Ti B2 、Ti C、M2 3( CB) 6等颗粒增强相。结合区是熔覆材料 Ni基合金和基体钛合金的混熔区 ,呈定向凝固特征。基体热影响区为针状马氏体组织。激光熔覆层的耐磨性能比时效硬化的钛合金显著提高 ,磨损机制是剥层磨损和磨粒磨损。     

40Cr表面激光熔覆镍基合金的组织研究

利用DL-T5000型二氧化碳激光器在40cr表面熔覆镍基合金,分析了激光熔覆层的显微组织,测试了其显微硬度及磨损性能.结果表明:所制得熔覆层组织致密、无裂纹,与基体形成了良好的冶金结合.从熔覆层表面到基体热影响区,组织依次为大量的树枝晶、等轴晶、柱状晶.熔覆层的硬度较基体提高了4倍,熔覆层磨损量约为基体磨损量的1/3...     

熔覆工艺对Ni60A激光熔覆层微观组织的影响

采用SEM、TEM和EDAX等方法研究了熔覆工艺对Ni60A激光熔覆层微观组织的影响.熔覆层由胞枝状γ-Ni基固溶体、树枝状M7C3、颗粒状CrB、Ni+M23C6及Ni+Ni3B共晶组织组成,结合区由具有定向快速凝固组织特征的胞状共晶组织组成,结合区底部的熔合带是由γ-(Fe,Ni)固溶体形成的平面晶.相同工艺参数的搭接熔覆使涂层的稀释度增大,在保证涂层与基体形成良好冶金结合的前提下,适当增大扫描速度或降低功率密度有利于涂层组织的细化,减小基体对涂层的稀释.     

激光熔覆WC颗粒增强Ni基合金组织性能的研究

在H13钢表面进行了激光熔覆Ni基合金+WC粉末实验,测试了熔覆层的组织和性能。实验表明激光熔覆可以得到组织致密,晶粒细化,稀释率低,与基体结合牢固的表面强化层。熔覆层的平均硬度为630 HV0.2,耐磨损性能比基体提高145%。H13钢是常用热作模具钢之一,由于工作条件恶劣,经常发生磨损失效,经激光熔覆强化后,其使用寿命将大大提高。     

锰青铜表面激光熔覆镍基合金的微观组织

用Rofin-Sinar CW025 YAG激光设备,采用同步送粉的方式进行自熔性Ni-Cr-B-Si合金粉末的激光熔覆,获得了无气孔和裂纹缺陷的熔覆层.借助扫描电子显微镜(SEM,LEO 1450)、能谱仪(EDS),X射线衍射(XRD)对激光熔覆层进行组织、成分及物相分析.研究结果表明,激光熔覆层与C86300铜合金基体实现了良好的冶金结合,激光熔覆层组织主要是γNi,Cr7C3,Ni2B,Ni3B以及少量CrB2和Cr3Si,并且实现了主要元素(Cr,Fe,Ni,Cu和Zn)从基体到熔覆层的梯度分布.     

CeO2对激光熔覆Ni60合金涂层组织及性能的影响

为了研究稀土元素CeO₂对激光熔覆涂层性能的影响,以45#钢为基体、Ni60和Ni60+CeO₂粉末为熔覆材料,采用激光熔覆多道搭接工艺制备了含不同含量稀土氧化物的熔覆层。通过对熔覆层着色探伤、显微组织观察、显微硬度测定的试验,分析不同含量的稀土氧化物对熔覆层表面裂纹数量、显微组织、硬度的影响规律。结果表明,CeO₂的最佳掺杂质量分数为0.004;适量稀土元素CeO₂的掺杂,可使熔覆涂层裂纹数量减少,熔覆层的显微组织更加均匀而细小;熔覆涂层表面显微硬度远高于基体,维氏硬度是基体的3.6倍,搭接区域硬度值是基体的3倍左右。这表明稀土元素的添加可以抑制裂纹、细化晶粒,并在一定程度上提高熔覆层硬度。     

钛合金表面激光熔覆NiCrBSi-TiC复合涂层的组织研究

采用CO2 激光在TC4合金表面进行了NiCrBSi TiC混合粉末的激光熔覆试验 ,利用扫描电镜和X射线衍射仪等对熔覆层的组织进行了分析 ,测试了熔覆层的显微硬度。结果表明 ,在优化工艺参数下可获得连续、均匀、无裂纹和气孔的熔覆层 ,熔覆层由TiC ,γ Ni,M2 3(CB) 6,CrB ,Ni3B等相组成。在激光熔覆过程中TiC颗粒边缘发生了溶解 ,冷却时以细小的枝晶形式析出 ,熔覆层显微硬度的平均值为Hv980。     

强化核阀密封面的NOREM02激光熔覆层性能研究

选用无钴NOREM02铁基粉末在不锈钢基体上进行激光熔覆。对在不同工艺参数下熔覆层形貌、微观组织及显微硬度进行观察和测试,并进行了物相分析。采用静态浸泡法对NOREM02铁基激光熔覆层的耐腐性进行研究,并与Stellite6钴基熔覆层和不锈钢基体对比。结果表明:NOREM02铁基粉末在优化的激光熔覆工艺参数下,可获得表面连续光滑,宽度和厚度均匀的熔覆层。该熔覆层组织致密,晶粒细小,结合区牢固,显微硬度600 HV0.5以上,具有强韧两相组成(奥氏体和M7C3)的微观特征。在10%H2SO4和10%NaC l溶液中铁基熔覆层抗腐蚀性能接近钴基熔覆层。     

激光熔覆不锈钢-碳钢层合板的材料性能

采用激光熔覆工艺将不锈钢粉末熔覆在碳钢板上,制备不锈钢-碳钢层合板。通过金属材料性能检测试验,对不锈钢-碳钢层合板的金相组织、元素扩散、显微硬度及拉伸断口形貌等性能进行分析。结果表明,激光熔覆制备层合板获得了致密均匀的覆层;结合面两侧Fe、Cr、Ni等元素呈梯度扩散,扩散区域约为12μm,表明激光熔覆复合材料为扩散型冶金结合;覆层到基体硬度逐渐减小,这使覆层与基体之间应力平稳过渡,提升了其整体力学性能;其屈服强度为405 MPa,超过轧制层合板的326 MPa。基体和扩散区断口形貌为韧性断裂,而覆层表现为脆性断裂,进一步表明激光熔覆层合板结合面结合性能良好。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.