锯齿形尾缘喷嘴气动声学实验及数值分析

为了研究在低马赫数Ma=0.12条件下锯齿形喷嘴射流气动声学特性,对多种参数的锯齿形喷嘴射流速度剪切层外区域进行声压近场测量和远场测量。根据近场和远场的测量结果,分析声压从近场向远场发展的趋势。结合射流场数值模拟的结果,利用计算流体力学和气动声学知识,分析锯齿形尾缘喷嘴的湍流性能与近远场声压之间的关系。分析表明,在相同渗透度下,随着齿数的增加,噪声总声压级在整个指向范围有明显的降低。在相同齿数下,随渗透度的增加,锯齿形喷嘴降低低频噪声,增加高频噪声,呈现明显的指向性分布特点。     

射流齿形喷嘴射流流场与气动声学分析

在低马赫数0.12条件下分析对比射流齿形喷嘴与锯齿形尾缘喷嘴湍流流场及声场,通过流场的数值计算与声场的实验测量,根据计算流体力学与气动声学,分析两者流场的湍流特性及远场噪声频谱特点。结果表明,射流齿形速度不高于主流、且对主流倾角较大时的降噪效果较好。与机械锯齿相比,射流齿形对低频噪声的降低幅度不及机械锯齿,但是它起降噪作用的频谱范围较广,对高频噪声的增强也较少。射流齿形相对机械锯齿来说是一种主动控制方式,有着许多优点,可以根据需要调节自身参数,在不需要降噪时关闭。     

小流量下周向弯曲叶片间隙噪声实验研究

对带有周向前弯8.3°和周向后弯8.3°叶片的低压轴流风机,采用近远场动态压力测量技术,实验研究了小流量工况下叶顶泄漏流诱发的间隙噪声近远场声学特性,及周向弯曲叶片对间隙噪声的影响。结果表明:随流量的降低,周向弯曲叶片改变了泄漏流的强弱和迁移速度;在近远场功率谱的整个频域内,存在着由泄漏流诱发的间隙噪声,其具有宽频频率特性,这种低频特性随流量降低幅值逐渐增强,并向更低频段转移,周向前弯叶片向低频段迁移速度最慢;周向弯曲叶片对声学指向性的影响不同,周向前弯叶轮的声压级各个方向变化差异较大,而周向后弯叶轮变化较均匀。     

矩形平板远场声压级分析

研究矩形平板的远场声压级,建立简支边界矩形障板和滑移边界矩形障板模型。采用傅里叶变换获得远场声压级,分析点激励载荷和线激励载荷作用下远场声压级的变化规律,并讨论激励载荷位置以及结构物理特性参数对远场声压级的影响。结果表明,远场声压随着激励载荷靠近边缘而减小,相对于简支边界而言,滑移边界能增强远场声压级。随着损耗因子、板厚的增大,将减小整个频率段内的远场声压级。另外,板密度对远场声压级的影响在低频段和高频段也呈现不同的变化规律。通过声压级变化规律的分析研究,能为声学元件设计和噪声控制机理的分析提供一定的依据。     

消声器膨胀腔气流再生噪声产生机理及抑制研究

结合大涡模拟和声比拟方法,对膨胀腔消声单元内部的流场及气流再生噪声进行了分析。建立流场数值仿真模型,采用大涡模拟方法对膨胀腔内部非稳态流动进行计算。建立声场仿真模型,通过提取流场信息计算气流再生噪声的声源分布。结合声比拟方法,将气流噪声源导入声场网格中计算远场响应点的气流噪声声压值,仿真结果与实验结果在声压级及共振频率上都吻合良好。根据腔内气流再生噪声产生的机理,选用穿孔管对气流再生噪声进行抑制。搭建气流再生噪声实验台,并加工实验样件,对不同气流速度下的穿孔管膨胀腔的噪声抑制效果进行分析验证。研究结果表明:穿孔管膨胀腔通过阻断强剪切层的形成可以有效抑制腔内低频气流再生噪声,并且随着气流速度的增加,抑制效果向中高频范围扩展;穿孔管膨胀腔对气流再生噪声声压级的抑制效果随着气流速度的增加而增强。     

射流噪声测量中远场测量边界影响研究EI北大核心CSCD

射流噪声实验是射流噪声产生机理及降噪措施研究的最重要手段之一。为确保射流噪声远场测量数据可信,远场传声器的布置需在远场条件和最终数据的信噪比之间进行合理的选取。通过严格的射流噪声模拟装置,采用精细的声学测量及修正手段,系统的研究了射流噪声不同测量角度及位置、不同射流速度等因素对远场测量结果的影响规律,并对射流噪声频谱随距离的增加而变化的特性进行了机理分析。通过试验确定了射流噪声远场测量时的最小远场边界条件,对于不满足远场边界条件的远场噪声测量,给出了适当的修正的方法。     

不同雷诺数下圆柱绕流气动噪声数值模拟

基于大涡模拟和声类比相结合的混合方法对不同雷诺数下二维圆柱绕流的远场气动噪声进行预测.预测值与试验数据吻合良好.根据预测结果分析圆柱绕流气动噪声的声场特性,研究流场振荡规律对远场噪声的影响和圆柱绕流气动噪声的辐射特性,并寻找降低圆柱绕流气动噪声的途径.结果表明:随着雷诺数的增加,远场各测量点的总声压级增大;声场的最大声...     

基于FW-H方程的涡扇发动机射流噪声特性数值研究#br#

锯齿形喷嘴被认为是一种有效而实用的射流噪声被动控制方法。采用大涡模拟与FW-H 方程（Ffowcs Williams and Hawkings Equation）相结合的方法预测圆形喷口和锯齿型喷口的流场和远场噪声。分析锯齿的分布方式以及结构参数对降噪特性的影响。结果表明，尾喷管的射流核心区域温度较高，湍动能值较小，整个核心区域呈现锥形。锯齿型喷口可以有效抑制低频段喷流噪声；仅在内涵添加锯齿结构的喷口降噪效果最好，可以降低整个频段的噪声；齿数增加与切入角变化对降噪效果有一定影响。     

仿生降噪蜗舌试验研究与数值模拟分析

摘要：利用逆向工程方法,提取长耳鸮翼表面形态与构型降噪特征元素,设计仿生降噪蜗舌。将仿生降噪蜗舌应用于离心风机气流噪声控制,通过对比试验研究,在整个频段的总声压级LA均低于原型风机,声压级平均降低2.3dB;影响仿生蜗舌降噪效果的主次因素为：仿生形态单元间距t、仿生形态单元个数n、仿生形态单元高度h。基于计算气动声学原理的数值模拟分析表明,仿生系统降噪机理主要为：减小了气流对蜗舌的冲击,使蜗舌表面紊流附面层压力脉动减弱并延缓蜗舌后部涡流分离脱落;使从风机叶轮流出的脉动气流在流经仿生蜗舌表面时,流速分布较为均匀,速度突变较少,气流稳定性的增强有利于降低气流噪声的产生。     

两种鼻锥在高速气流中声学特性的研究

为了在气流当中进行噪声测量,传声器上必须加装适当形式的鼻锥以降低传感器自噪声。否则,传感器自噪声会过大而影响正常的声学测量。所以,当在高速气流中进行声学测量时,传感器自噪声成为测量的制约因素。如何降低传感器自噪声成为高速气流中声学测量的关键。鼻锥的形式对传感器自噪声有重要的影响。为了发展低噪声鼻锥,采用实验的方法,在闭口风洞声学实验段中,研究了两种形式鼻锥在风速为10m/s～50m/s时的声学特性。实验结果表明,半球型头部的鼻锥在风速为30m/s～50m/s时比常见的鼻锥自噪声小约3～11(dB)。因此,使用半球型头部的鼻锥可以改善测试条件或提高实验风速。     

The application of hybrid RANS/ILES approach for the investigation of the effect of nozzle geometry and mode of efflux on the characteristics of turbulence of exhaust jets

The efficient hybrid RANS/ILES approach is used for the investigation of the effect of nozzle geometry and parameters of flow at the nozzle exit section on the characteristics of turbulence in the exhaust jet. The calculations are performed for nozzles of different types such as conical and chevron nozzles and the nozzle of double-flow turbojet engine (TJE) with chevrons on the core nozzle. The effect of the foregoing parameters on the level of fluctuations of velocity and pressure in the investigated jets is demonstrated. The effect of off-design mode of efflux on the parameters of turbulence in the jet is investigated under conditions of supersonic efflux of the jet. The effect of misalignment of the core and fan nozzles on the flow in the jet is considered for the nozzle of double-flow TJE. Grids containing about 10⁶ cells are used for the calculations. The accuracy of the results is confirmed by comparison with the known experimental data.     

Mixing enhancement using chevron nozzle: studies on free jets and confined jets

This paper reports an experimental study focused on the impact of chevrons (serrations on the trailing edge of the nozzle) on the mixing process of an incompressible jet issuing from a convergent nozzle. The study also explores enhancement of the mixing performance by a novel approach to geometry modification. Profiles of mean velocity were used to characterize the extent of mixing. For a comparative assessment, studies were carried out with a base line circular nozzle, a conventional chevron nozzle and an improvised tabbed chevron nozzle. Flow visualization studies were carried out for jets issuing from chevron nozzles and the results corroborate well with quantitative measurements. The impact of confinement on mixing of jets issuing from chevron nozzles is also studied. The results show that the proposed geometry modification can significantly improve the rate of mixing in the range of Reynolds numbers considered in the study. In confined jets, presence of chevrons was found to accelerate the process of jet break-down.     

基于统计能量法理论的收割机驾驶室噪声分析

汽车的噪声、振动和舒适度(NVH)是衡量汽车制造质量的一个综合性技术指标,尤其体现为驾驶室的振动噪声水平。采用统计能量分析法(SEA)原理对某一型号农用收割机的驾驶室进行噪声预测分析,并对SEA的建模有效性进行实验验证。研究结果表明:在低频域,驾驶室背板的振动是引起驾驶室噪声的主要因素,而在高频段,驾驶室噪声水平则主要取决于外部噪声。对此,可采用增加壁板结构阻尼的方法来有效拟制驾驶室内部低频噪声,同时通过增加驾驶室壁板厚度等方法降低驾驶室内的低频噪声。另外,减少各个子系统连接间的泄漏也是改善高频噪声的一个有效途径。     

城市高架轨道桥辐射噪声的计算与分析

为采取合适的噪声控制策略提供依据,预报城市高架轨道桥辐射噪声场很有必要.基于一个简化两维模型,考虑各种变化因素(两旁建筑物高度、间距等)的影响,应用边界元方法对进行了噪声场和频谱的计算预测,通过与实际测量数据的对比分析,结果表明:噪声的低频成分(＜250Hz)主要由桥体结构振动辐射产生,而轮轨振动辐射是较高频(250～1000Hz)噪声的重要来源;低频噪声场上下明显强于两侧,而随频率的增高,声场混响特征增强.结论是:对于噪声不便于测试的高架桥这样大型结构,边界元方法能够有效预报噪声场,高架桥两侧声屏障可以取得5-10分贝的隔声效果,为防止上部出现噪声过大的情况两侧建筑物需要适当的高度/距离比.     

一种数字前馈式有源降噪耳罩系统研究

传统耳罩利用隔声原理降低噪声,一般在高频段有着良好的降噪性能,但由于耳罩体积和重量的限制,针对700 Hz以下低频段噪声的降噪性能较差。引入基于滤波-X最小均方(Filter-X Least Mean Square,FXLMS)算法的前馈式有源降噪技术,将有效克服该缺点,使耳罩在低频范围取得良好的降噪性能。实验结果与分析表明,设计的基于STM32控制器的数字前馈式有源降噪耳罩对1 000 Hz以下窄带噪声有15~25 d B的降噪效果。     

Non-destructive Case Depth Determination by Means of Low-Frequency Barkhausen Noise Measurements

The availability of a fast and reliable method for non-destructive case depth determination which can be used to directly monitor the quality of various heat treatment processes is of great interest. Conventionally hardened steel components are analyzed by means of depth-resolved microhardness measurements providing the case hardening depth (CHD) of the material. However, as a consequence of mechanical destruction, the investigated part cannot be used in its original state anymore and needs to be replaced by a twin part whose properties might be different. In this work, a new approach of non-destructive CHD determination based on Barkhausen noise analysis with an excitation frequency of 0.5 Hz is described. The use of a low frequency allows to enhance the penetration depth of the external magnetic field and to reduce the eddy current damping of the filtered Barkhausen (BN) signal at the same time. In this way, simultaneous information about the hard case and the soft base material core is experimentally accessible. Various measurands derived from the detected BN signals are sensitive to the different magnetic properties of the case and the core. The so-obtained correlations with the measured CHD can be used for non-destructive CHD determination by means of appropriate calibration data. The investigated sample set consists of cylindrical parts of 18CrNiMo7-6 which were case-hardened and ground in order to provide graded CHD values up to 3.6 mm. The sensitivity of the tested low-frequency method will be quantitatively demonstrated over the complete range of interest and its potential for industrial applications will be discussed.     

The adiabatic anti-jitter circuit

The anti-jitter circuit (AJC) is able to reduce phase noise and spurious content of any frequency source at sideband frequencies above a defined cut-off frequency. By contrast, a phase-locked loop (PLL) can only reduce the intrinsic phase noise of its output oscillator closer to carrier lower than a defined cut-off frequency. The AJC has no output oscillator, but its phase noise performance can be assessed as if it had. This paper reports the invention of the adiabatic AJC (AAJC), giving the AJC improved power consumption, frequency range, and maximum frequency of operation. The term “adiabatic” is adopted to indicate that the core part of the new circuit does not require a power supply. It takes power from the input source directly to create the sawtooth waveform that has considerably reduced time jitter on the longer of its two ramp waveforms. Discrete models of the AJC are now operational at 30 MHz, which is twice the 15-MHz operation previously reported. The cut-off frequency of suppression has been maintained at a few kiloHertz. Noise analysis now shows performance comparable with an LC oscillator is possible. SPICE simulations show potential operation up to 5 GHz. The AAJC is also cascadable up to the intrinsic (shot) noise limit. Shot noise can be reduced by feedback