Adaptive MMSE receiver with beamforming for DS/CDMA systems

The minimum mean-squared error (MMSE) receiver is a linear filter which can suppress multiple access interference (MAI) effectively in direct-sequence code-division multiple-access (CDMA) communications. An antenna array is also an efficient scheme for suppressing MAI and improving the system performance. In this letter, we consider an adaptive MMSE receiver in conjunction with beamforming in CDMA systems employing an antenna array. The proposed structure is featured as a low complexity receiver, which adapts the MMSE filter coefficients and the beamforming weights simultaneously. However, it does require the channel state information and the direction of arrival (DOA) of the desired user signal. As a result, we propose two adaptation methods to perform joint channel estimation and signal detection without any training sequence. It is demonstrated that the two proposed methods achieve similar bit-error-rate performance. More importantly, their performance degradation compared with the case with perfect channel information is small.     

A full-rank regularization technique for MMSE detection in multiuser CDMA systems

In multiuser code-division multiple-access (CDMA) environments, the ill-conditioning of the covariance matrix of the received signal may degrade the performance of minimum mean-squared error (MMSE) detectors, especially when few samples are available for the covariance matrix estimation. In order to mitigate this performance degradation, we propose a full-rank regularized MMSE detector based on the covariance matrix tapering (CMT) technique. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed technique at high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).     

An effective multiuser receiver for DS/CDMA systems

Multiuser detection (MUD) is a key technique for combating multiple access interference (MAI) in CDMA systems. We propose a simple and effective multiuser receiver, which we refer to as the objective function based multiuser detector (OFMUD). This is a successive multistage joint detector based on the statistical optimization of an objective function. Two objective functions are considered in this paper. The first one is based on a maximum likelihood solution, and the second one is based on the least squared error solution. A key feature of the proposed detector is that among all the K user bits, we update the estimate of one and only one bit (the one that is most likely to be wrong) in every stage. Analytical and numerical results show that significant performance improvement can be achieved compared with the conventional DS/CDMA receiver. At the same time, the near-far problem is alleviated. In addition, it is shown that the proposed receiver can outperform the popular multiuser parallel interference cancellation receiver in most cases with a smaller computational cost     

A new family of MMSE multiuser receivers for interferencesuppression in DS/CDMA systems employing BPSK modulation

We deal with interference suppression in asynchronous direct-sequence code-division multiple-access (CDMA) systems employing binary phase-shift keying modulation. Such an interference may arise from other users of the network, from external low-rate systems, as well as from a CDMA network coexisting with the primary network to form a dual-rate network. We derive, for all of these cases, a new family of minimum mean-square-error detectors, which differ from their conventional counterparts in that they minimize a modified cost function. Since the resulting structure is not implementable with acceptable complexity, we also propose some suboptimum systems. The statistical analysis reveals that both the optimum and the suboptimum receivers are near-far resistant, not only with respect to the other users, but also with respect to the external interference. We also present a blind and a recursive least squares-based, decision-directed implementation of the receivers wherein only the signature and the timing of the user to be decoded and the signaling time and the frequency offset of the external interferer are assumed known. Finally, computer simulations show that the proposed adaptive algorithm outperforms the classical decision-directed RLS algorithm     

Adaptive MMSE maximum likelihood CDMA multiuser detection

The well-known code division multiple access maximum likelihood receiver (MF-ML) uses a bank of matched filters as a generator of sufficient statistics for maximum likelihood detection of users transmitted symbols. In this paper, the bank of matched filters is replaced by a bank of adaptive minimum mean squared error (MMSE) filters as the generator of sufficient statistics. This formal replacement of the MF bank by the adaptive MMSE filter bank has significant conceptual consequences and provides improvement by several performance measures. The adaptive MMSE-ML receiver's digital implementation is significantly computationally simplified. The advantages of the proposed adaptive MMSE-ML receiver over the MF-ML receiver are: (1) ability to perform joint synchronization, channel parameter estimation, and signal detection where the signal is sent over an unknown, slowly time-varying, frequency-selective multipath fading channel; (2) increased information capacity in a multicellular environment; and (3) significantly improved bit error rate (BER) performance in a multicellular mobile communications environment. The information capacity and the BER of the proposed MMSE-ML receiver are analyzed. Numerical results showing the BER performance of the MMSE-ML receiver in a multipath channel environment are presented     

Analysis of quasi-ML multiuser detection of DS/CDMA systems inasynchronous channels

We consider the quasi-maximum-likelihood (quasi-ML) detectors of the reverse link system that uses antenna arrays in asynchronous channels when the channel vector is time-invariant and time-varying. A channel vector estimation method based on eigendecomposition for time-invariant channels and its adaptive version suitable for the time-varying channels are also proposed. It is shown that the proposed quasi-ML detector can be regarded as a beamformer followed by a decorrelating filter and that the proposed system performs better than the conventional decorrelator scheme. It is also observed that the performance gain of the proposed scheme over the conventional decorrelator system increases as the numbers of active users and antenna arrays increase     

Space-time blind multiuser detection for multirate DS/CDMA signals

Multiuser detection for multirate direct-sequence code-division multiple access (DS/CDMA) has been an active area of research. For example, nonblind low-rate (LR) and high-rate (HR) decorrelators have been proposed and analyzed in the literature for synchronous dual-rate systems with single receive antenna. Inspired by the subspace-based space-time (ST) blind linear detectors for synchronous single-rate systems, this paper extends the existing results and proposes the subspace-based ST-LR and ST-HR blind linear detectors, i.e., blind decorrelators and blind minimum mean-squared error (mmse) detectors, for synchronous dual-rate DS/CDMA. It is shown that: 1) ST-LR blind linear detectors can support no less users than ST-HR blind linear detectors as long as the desired spatial signature is identifiable (assuming that all the other system parameters are the same) and 2) the bit-error rate performance of ST-LR blind decorrelator is not inferior to that of its HR counterpart. The above conclusions are generalized to synchronous multirate systems. The extension to asynchronous systems is also described. Finally, the two-stage ST dual-rate blind detectors, which combine the adaptive purely temporal dual-rate blind mmse detectors with the nonadaptive beamformer, are presented.     

Turbo编码DS/CDMA系统中的迭代多用户接收器

本文提出了一种用于Turbo编码DS/CDMA系统的迭代多用户接收器。该接收器由一个软输入/软输出（SISO）的多用户检测器和一组单用户SISO信道译码器组成。每次迭代过程中，多用户检测器和信道译码器都输出信息作为下一代迭代的先验信息，仿真结果表明，这种接收器的比特误码性能接近Turbo编码系统的单用户限。     

长码DS/CDMA系统中的预优软判决多用户干扰消除

在长码DS/CDMA通信系统中,多级线性软判决并行多用户干扰消除(LSD-PIC)检测器的收敛性能受限于用户数,该文提出用矩阵计算的预优方法改进LSD-PIC检测器的收敛性能,克服由于系统高负载造成的LSD-PIC检测器的性能崩溃,并提出了低代价多项式预优子的概念,对零阶和一阶多项式预优子分别给出了最优系数。     

MMSE multiuser downlink multiple antenna transmission for CDMA systems

In this paper, we propose a new downlink transmit antenna processing (TAP) technique for code division multiple access (CDMA) equipped with multiple transmit antennas. In order to find the weight vectors for downlink signals, a minimum mean square error (MMSE) performance criterion is used. Since the multiuser interference is taken into account in the calculation of the weighting vectors for TAP, the proposed method is a multiuser downlink TAP method. It is assumed that the downlink channels are known by the downlink TAP. For given channel conditions, the optimal weight vectors are found with a closed-form expression under both flat and frequency-selective fading channel assumptions.     

Memory search multiuser detector in DS/CDMA systems

The optimal multiuser detector (MUD) in DS/CDMA systems requires the solution of a NP-hard combinatorial optimisation problem (COP). A near optimal MUD based on solving the COP with memory search method is proposed. With almost the same computational complexity as the parallel interference cancellation (PIC) MUD, it produces a better performance gain than PIC-MUD     

Blind adaptive multiuser detection for DS/CDMA over multipathfading channels

Using a hard null scheme, multipath fading and multiple access interference suppression can be realised for a multiple constrained minimum variance (MCMV) detector at the same time. A modified version of the MCMV detector is also presented, which utilises the eigenstructure of the correlation matrix to enhance the performance of the MCMV detector. Numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed detectors     

An efficient blind multiuser detection for improper DS/CDMA signals

This paper proposes a new linear blind multiuser detection based on widely linear (WL) signal processing. The received signal and its complex conjugate are separately filtered and the results are linearly combined. The WL maximum/minimum (max/min) mean-output-energy (MOE) receiver is derived by applying the modified cost function. It is shown that a performance gain can be attained for the improper direct-sequence code division multiple access (DS/CDMA) signal, due to the additional information contained in pseudocovariance matrix of observations. The adaptive implementation with acceptable complexity is also developed. Computer-simulation results show that a significant performance gain is obtained over the other classical methods.     

A multiuser receiver for trellis-coded DS/CDMA systems inasynchronous channels

We propose and analyze a multiuser receiver using a decorrelating filter and Viterbi decoders for trellis-coded direct-sequence code-division multiple-access (DS/CDMA) systems with biorthogonal signal constellation in asynchronous channels. The biorthogonality is implemented by user signature waveforms and the decorrelating filter. The performance of the proposed system is investigated with emphasis on the asymptotic cases: it is shown that the proposed system provides us with some coding gain and near-far resistance. It is confirmed that we can enhance the performance of the proposed system by using base-station antenna arrays     

A constrained MMSE receiver for DS/CDMA systems in fading channels

The convergence problem of minimum mean square-error (MMSE) receivers is discussed, and to overcome the problem, a constrained MMSE receiver is proposed. In addition, we propose the orthogonal decomposition-based least mean square algorithm to implement the constrained MMSE receiver adaptively. Through computer simulations, it is shown that the proposed receiver provides significant performance improvement in the bit-error rate over the conventional matched filter receiver and currently available MMSE receivers.     

Symbol-level Rake MMSE receiver for asynchronous DS/CDMA systems inmultipath fading channels

A new nonlinear adaptive minimum mean squared error (MMSE) receiver performing a successful cancellation of multiple access interference in multipath fading channels is proposed. It is observed that the proposed receiver could achieve a significant performance gain over any currently used adaptive MMSE receivers, at the cost of a relatively small increase in complexity and modification of the conventional DS/CDMA system     

Robust multiuser detection for multicarrier CDMA systems

Multiuser detection (MUD) for code-division multiple-access (CDMA) systems usually relies on some a priori channel estimates, which are obtained either blindly or by using training sequences, and the covariance matrix of the received signal, usually replaced by the sample covariance matrix. However, such prior estimates are often affected by errors that are typically ignored in subsequent detection. In this paper, we present robust channel estimation and MUD techniques for multicarrier (MC) CDMA by explicitly taking into account such estimation errors. The proposed techniques are obtained by optimizing the worst case performance over two bounded uncertainty sets pertaining to the two types of estimation errors. We show that although the estimation errors associated with the prior channel estimate and the sample covariance matrix are generally not bounded, it is beneficial to optimize the worst case performance over properly chosen bounded uncertainty sets determined by a parameter called bounding probability. At a slightly higher computational complexity, our proposed robust detectors are shown to yield improved performance over the standard detectors that ignore the prior estimation errors.     

频率复用DS/CDMA系统中自适应盲多用户检测的一种方法

该文给出一种工作于强窄带干扰(NBI)多径衰落信道中DS/CDMA系统盲多用户检测接收机模型。它具有RAKE接收机的基本结构,在每一条并行支路中利用MMSE准则跟踪各路径信号。因此具有抗多径衰落,同时抑制NBI和多址接入干扰(MAI)的能力。模拟结果证明,它的性能优于未考虑NBI抑制的多用户检测接收机。     

基于CDMA系统的加速功率控制和多用户检测

本文中的算法是交织了一个固定点功率控制算法,该算法是利用以多用户检测MMSE为标准的Aitken's过程加速的.通过应用于MMSE滤波器的扩展Steffensen算法,得自关于Lipshitz常量的一个下限.Lipshitz常量是用来保证所提算法的收敛性.此算法体现了渐进二次收敛,是以牛顿方法为基准.最后给出了仿真结果.