天然气转化制取合成气使用圆筒炉的生产实践和发展

我国天然气（主要成分ＣＨ４）潜在资源丰富，利用ＣＨ４进行转化生产ＣＯ＋Ｈ２合成气，以生产众多的化工产品。蒸汽转化炉系特殊昂贵的关键设备，发展高效率、低造价的炉型，有其重要的经济意义。本文通过生产实践对圆筒形蒸汽转化炉进行分析总结并介绍应用前景。     

天然气转化制取合成气使用圆筒炉的生产实践和发展

我国天然气(主要成份CH_4)潜在资源丰富,利用CH_4进行转化生产CO+H_2合成气,以生产众多的化工产品。蒸汽转化炉系特殊昂贵的关键设备,发展高效率、低造价的炉型,有其重要的经济意义。本文就通过生产实践对圆筒型蒸汽转化炉进行分析总结及其应用前景。     

天然气转化制取合成气使用圆筒炉的生产实践和发展

我国天然气（主要成份ＣＨ４）潜在资源丰富，利用ＣＨ４进行转化生产ＣＯ＋Ｈ２合成气，以生产众多的化工产品。蒸汽转化炉系特殊昂贵的关键设备，发展高效率，低造价的炉型，有其重要的经济意义。本文就通过生产实践对圆筒型蒸汽转化炉进行分析总结及其应用机理。     

天然气转化制取合成气工艺方法

天然气（ＣＨ４）转化制得ＣＯ＋Ｈ２合成气可以生产氨、甲醇及有机化工产品，需要按照转化原理进行工艺优化，以节省原料消耗，满足合成产品对组分要求。     

天然气转化制合成气工艺优化

按不同需要，对天然气转化制合成气进行工艺优化，以降低消耗。     

天然气转化制取合成气工艺方法

天然气（ＣＨ４）转化制得ＣＯ＋Ｈ２合成气可以生产氨、甲醇及有机化工产品，需要按照转化原理进行工艺优化，以节省原料消耗，满足合成产品对组分要求．     

天然气转化制备合成气工艺进展

综述了天然气转化制备合成气的国内外工艺技术进展，提出了一些看法和观点。     

天然气转化制备合成气研究进展

综述了目前转化利用天然气制备合成气的主要方法,包括甲烷水蒸气重整、甲烷部分氧化、甲烷二氧化碳重整、甲烷水蒸气重整与部分氧化耦合反应、甲烷部分氧化与二氧化碳重整耦合反应、甲烷水蒸气重整与二氧化碳重整耦合反应以及甲烷的三重整反应,重点介绍了前3种典型反应所用的催化剂,最后提出将这3种典型反应耦合使用,并辅以晶格氧工艺、等离子体技术、微波技术是未来甲烷转化制备合成气的发展趋势。     

天然气催化部分氧化制合成气的转化催化剂的研制

介绍天然气制合成气的工艺组成及国内外发展动态，着重介绍ＡＣＺＹ型天然气催化剂与氧化制合成的转化催化剂的研制和工业试运行情况。     

基于分析的煤气化和天然气转化制合成气

使用了热力学分析方法,对以煤和天然气为原料的单、多原料系统内部各单元及系统整体的效率进行了分析,研究了以煤和天然气为原料的单、多原料系统的优劣以及限制这类系统效率提升的关键因素,以期找出理论上最节能的工艺路线并为效率的改善指明方向。结果表明:煤气化单元是造成系统效率较低的主要原因,故煤气化单元的改进对提高系统整体的效率意义重大;考虑了元素互补和能量互补的以煤和天然气为原料的多原料系统,由于降低了气化单元的损失同时减少了天然气转化单元的燃料气用量,使得这类多原料系统的效率远优于其他方案,是真正节能的工艺技术路线。     

Arrangement of primary and secondary reformers for synthesis gas production

In order to produce synthesis gas (syngas), four reforming processes including two stand-alone primary and secondary reformers and two combined configurations are investigated. With changing operating parameters and arrangement of the reformers (i.e. stand-alone, parallel, and series), the syngas may be obtained for different applications such as methanol, Fischer-Tropsch (FT), and ammonia synthesis. After study of several arrangements, the selected cases are simulated. Due to the shift some reforming duty from the primary reformer to the secondary one, the primary size and the total fired duty are reduced. The Non-Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II) optimization method is applied for the problem based on the practical point of view. It is shown that the parallel case is preferable in accordance to the high productivity object. For an optimum point, parallel case has 58% of productivity of syngas more than that of series one. However, the series configuration consumes lower fuel (361.1 kmol h⁻¹, in comparison to the parallel case with 437.19) and releases lower amount of CO₂ emission. It is shown that the series arrangement has an average of 13.22% of released CO₂ molar flow less than that of parallel arrangement.     

Modeling of non-catalytic partial oxidation of natural gas under conditions found in industrial reformers

Non-catalytic partial oxidation of natural gas/O₂/H₂O mixture at elevated pressures was simulated kinetically using Chemkin package incorporating detailed reaction mechanisms of methane oxidation. The dependence of reaction time was investigated as a function of inlet temperature, system pressure, and O₂/CH₄ ratio. The conversion to products was predicted to complete within a residence time of less than 0.1 ms at pressures greater than 30 atm and temperatures higher than 1450 K. A minimum O₂/CH₄ ratio of 0.64 was found necessary for a complete methane conversion at the conditions typical for the industrial reformer. The effect of O₂/H₂O in the feed gas was examined computationally, and the results suggested that adding H₂O in the feed gas could be a viable tool for adjusting the H₂/CO ratio in the products and for controlling the flame temperature. Formations of higher order hydrocarbons and soot, which may play important roles in the actual fuel-rich conversion environment, are not considered in the present study.     

600t／d天然气三段换势转化制氨新流程

本文介绍天然气制氨技术的发展概况．应用生产中的节气节能技术成果，供优化设计６００ｔ／ｄ合成氨装置作参考．     

Co-pyrolysis characteristics of coal and natural gas

A co-pyrolysis experiment of coal and natural gas was investigated on a fixed-bed reactor. SEM was used to study the structure changes of the exterior surface of char prepared in this co-pyrolysis experiment, while GC was also utilized to analyze the associated gas. The result showed that, with increasing temperature, the coal char tended to agglomerate. GC and SEM results show that the CH₄ decomposition on the exterior surface of char was turned to filamentous char and extended around like coral. It was also proved that the co-pyrolysis of coal and natural gas promoted syngas production. A synergistic effect of coal and natural gas does exist during this process. This work was presented at the 6 ^th Korea-China Workshop on Clean Energy Technology held at Busan, Korea, July 4–7, 2006.     

Optimal design and operation of a natural gas tri-reforming reactor for DME synthesis

Korea Gas Corporation (KOGAS) is developing a new di-methyl-ether (DME) plant. Syngas is provided by natural gas tri-reforming, in a reactor consisting of a homogenous part where oxidation leads to a temperature increase required for the reforming reactions and a catalytic part where the reforming reactions take place. A first principle model for the tri-reforming reactor is developed. A kinetic mechanism is proposed combining homogeneous gas-phase reactions and heterogeneous catalytic reactions. The proposed model is systematically calibrated and validated with global sensitivity analysis followed by global parameter estimation against concentration measurements of a lab-scale prototype reactor and comparisons of the sensitivity of the outlet as a function of inlet composition and design parameters with experimental results. The validated model is finally used for the optimization of design variables such as length ratio of homogeneous and heterogeneous section and operational variables such as the feed composition.     

A new process for synthesis gas by co-gasifying coal and natural gas

Production of synthesis gas with coal and natural gas co-gasification is a new process based on coupling of methane steam-reforming and coal gasification. The process concept is discussed in this paper. Experiments are carried out in a laboratory fixed-bed gasifying reactor to investigate the effect of feedstock on composition, ratio of hydrogen to carbon monoxide, concentrations of hydrogen and carbon monoxide in the produced raw synthesis gas. Preliminary experimental results indicate that the effect of steam flow rate on component, ratio of hydrogen to carbon monoxide and concentrations of hydrogen and carbon monoxide of the raw synthesis gas is slight, while the effect of oxygen flow rate is pronounced. When the ratio of oxygen to methane in feedstock is below 1, the ratio of hydrogen to carbon monoxide is greater than 1 and the total concentration of hydrogen and carbon monoxide is above 90%. Comparison of experimental results with calculated results shows that the composition of raw synthesis gas is near equilibrium.     

On the evaluation of synthetic and natural ilmenite using syngas as fuel in chemical-looping combustion (CLC)

Chemical-looping combustion (CLC) is a combustion technique where the CO₂ produced is inherently separated from the rest of the flue gases with a considerably low energy penalty. For this reason, CLC has emerged as one of the more attractive options to capture CO₂ from fossil fuel combustion. When applying CLC with solid fuels, the use of a low cost oxygen carrier is highly important, and one such low cost oxygen carrier is the mineral ilmenite. The current work investigates the reactivity of several ilmenites, some which are synthetically produced by freeze granulation and two natural minerals, one Norwegian ilmenite and one South African ilmenite.     

Effect of three processes on CO2 and O2 simultaneously reforming of coke oven gas to syngas

CO₂ and O₂ simultaneously reforming of coke oven gas (COG) in three processes including non-catalytic process (NCP), catalytic process (CP), and two-stage process (TSP) was investigated under two important operating conditions, CO₂/CH₄ and O₂/CH₄, over Ni-based catalyst in a fixed bed reactor. It was found that the technical indexes depend strongly on CO₂/CH₄ and O₂/CH₄ in different processes. CO₂ can adjust H₂/CO ratio in a wider range (0.52–3.83) in the presence of O₂. The conversions of CH₄ increase in overall COG reforming processes by adding O₂. Also, a little O₂ promotes CO₂ conversions in NCP and restrains CO₂ conversions in CP and TSP. The addition of O₂ can also adjust H₂/CO ratio of syngas, which is actually at the cost of H₂ consumption by oxidation rather than reverse water gas shift (RWGS) reaction. In addition, H₂ combustion in the first-stage of TSP provides heat to drive the endothermic CH₄ reforming reactions and RWGS reaction in the second-stage of TSP to achieve higher CH₄ and CO₂ conversions. Therefore, TSP precedes significantly NCP and CP in the reforming of COG. When H₂/CO ratio is 2.10, the conversions of CH₄ and CO₂ are 98.96 and 62.32% respectively; and, oxygen consumption is 0.13 m³ per COG m³ at gas hour space velocity 9256 h⁻¹ in TSP.     

解吸气部分替代天然气制合成气可行性分析

针对解吸气部分替代天然气制取合成氨用合成气的反应过程,建立了数学模型,基于Aspen Plus软件,模拟2种进料情况下的反应,验证解吸气部分替代天然气可行性。分析了主要工艺条件如氧气/原料气体积比、蒸汽用量对气化炉出口气体成分和炉膛温度的影响。对比解吸气部分替代和纯天然气进料的经济性,当天然气价格为1.875元/m3时,2种原料气合成氨的成本相同。但随着天然气价格的上涨,采用解吸气部分替代后将有明显的经济性优势。