基于弹流润滑理论的斜齿圆柱齿轮油膜厚度参数影响研究

基于弹性流体动力润滑理论,建立了斜齿轮传动润滑最小油膜厚度计算公式,并利用Matlab程序绘图功能绘制出最小油膜厚度沿啮合线的变化曲线,计算分析了传动比、模数、压力角、螺旋角、重合度、齿宽系数等斜齿轮传动参数对齿轮副节点处润滑油膜厚度的影响,从而揭示了斜齿轮传动参数与齿轮副润滑性能之间的关系,为弹流润滑条件下斜齿轮传动的设计提供了一定的理论依据。     

WN齿轮传动弹流润滑及接触摩擦效率研究

应用WN齿轮接触摩擦与弹流润滑机制结合的方法进行效率分析.依据WN齿轮副啮合原理,创建该齿轮动力润滑与混合摩擦分析模型,分析了啮合中载荷与弹性接触对油膜厚度的影响,探讨油膜形成机制和承载特性;通过啮合过程中的接触摩擦分析,推导出WN齿轮啮合时动力传动效率计算新方程;分析齿轮运转速度、负载及润滑等对传动效率的影响.结果表明:在高速下WN齿轮的传动效率高于渐开线齿轮而在低速下却相反;旋转速度对传动效率的影响要比载荷的影响更大.通过实例计算和试验分析验证了本方法的有效性.     

精密钢球传动的弹流润滑及参数分析

在精密钢球传动接触力学和运动学研究的基础上,应用Hamrock-Dowson公式推导出精密钢球传动啮合副最小油膜厚度计算公式。应用数值计算方法,研究摆线齿形的短幅系数和滚圆半径及钢球半径等基本参数对啮合副最小油膜厚度的影响规律。分析判别啮合副的润滑状态,提出啮合副处于完全弹流润滑状态时参数选择的计算方法,并计算出基本参数的取值域。为精密钢球传动的设计和应用提供了理论依据。     

基于弹性流体动力润滑理论的齿轮设计

齿轮传动是重要的传动形式之一,良好润滑是保证齿轮正常传动的关键因素.根据所建立的齿轮弹性流体动力润滑数学模型,进行数值求解,分析载荷参数、润滑油粘度对齿轮弹流润滑性能的影响规律.结果表明随着载荷增加,二次压力峰值减少,位置向入口区偏离;而增大齿轮润滑油的粘度,弹流油膜压力影响不是很大,油膜膜厚是逐渐增加的.最后,根据齿轮形成的最小油膜厚度与齿面粗糙度之比(即膜厚比)分析了齿轮传动的润滑状态.     

摆动活齿传动的润滑性能及影响因素分析

在分析摆动活齿传动的啮合原理和载荷分布的基础上，应用弹性流体动力润滑理论对摆动活齿传动进行了研究，分析了该种传动所处的润滑状态，揭示了油膜厚度的分布规律，讨论了最小油膜厚度的影响因素。结果表明：活齿与激波器啮合处，主要处于刚性-变粘度润滑区，而活齿与内齿圈啮合处，主要处于弹性-变粘度润滑区；在摆动活齿传动中，在活齿啮入、啮出以及齿圈曲线拐点附近，油膜厚度较小，容易发生磨损、胶合；摆动活齿传动低副等效机构的机构参数对油膜厚度分布和最小油膜厚度都存在不同程度的影响。在允许范围内，适当调整摆动活齿传动等效机构参数，有利于啮合副油膜的形成并可增大最小油膜厚度。从而提高摆动活齿传动的承载能力。     

航空直齿轮喷油润滑冲击深度影响因素分析

针对喷油润滑喷嘴无偏置和倾斜布置时,传动比大于1的齿轮传动润滑效果不良的问题,从齿轮啮合运转及喷油润滑的几何关系出发,采用解析法建立航空直齿轮啮出侧喷油润滑冲击深度计算数学模型;仿真验证数学模型的正确性,完成齿轮参数、传动参数和喷嘴位置等对直齿轮冲击深度的影响分析。研究表明,冲击深度随齿轮齿数和转速的增大而减小,随喷油速度的增大而增大;小齿轮冲击深度和大齿轮冲击深度随射流偏置和喷射倾角的变化呈负相关关系。研究结果可为喷油润滑设计提供理论依据。     

齿轮传动基于摩擦学性能的效率最佳化研究

基于渐开线直齿圆柱齿轮传动中功率输入和输出的关系,推导出包含滚动摩擦和滑动摩擦在内的瞬时摩擦效率、平均摩擦效率和总的摩擦损失等公式;基于包含最小平均摩擦效率、最小摩擦损失、最大弹性流体动力润滑的最小油膜厚度等齿轮传动的最佳摩擦学性能,通过优选齿轮的传动参数,从而提高了传动效率;以上全过程是基于UG 3D软件系统的,因此,是全参数化的和集成化的;通过实例运算,分别给出了最佳的优化结果及相关过程的仿真曲线。     

非对称聚合物行星齿轮瞬态弹流润滑分析

为满足机械结构紧凑化、轻量化要求,在行星齿轮传动系统中可应用非对称聚合物齿轮。为研究非对称聚合物行星齿轮传动中内啮合轮齿的瞬态弹流润滑性能,建立非对称聚合物行星齿轮内啮合传动的润滑模型,采用多重网格法进行了数值求解与仿真分析;对比分析了行星齿轮内啮合与外啮合几何参数的异同,探讨了齿轮运行工况以及齿轮副材料对非对称聚合物行星齿轮瞬态弹流润滑的影响;考虑热效应的影响,探究了非对称聚合物行星齿轮内啮合最高温升与3个特殊瞬时啮合点的温度分布变化规律,对比分析了等温与热弹流润滑条件下不同齿轮材料的弹流润滑性能。结果表明,由于传动啮合方式的不同,行星齿轮内啮合的几何参数不同于外啮合,齿轮转速和载荷对弹流润滑效果影响显著;使用非对称聚合物齿轮可提高齿轮承载能力和改善齿轮的等温弹流润滑性能;但高温重载时聚合物齿轮材料影响轮齿强度和散热效果,非对称聚合物行星齿轮更适于在低温低速环境中应用。     

某型直升机行星齿轮机构弹流润滑研究

分析了某型直升机主减速器行星齿轮机构弹流润滑工况,研究了该齿轮系弹性润滑最薄弱啮合部位,计算得出了行星齿轮传动机构中齿宽、齿轮模数和压力角等齿轮参数对弹性润滑油膜厚度的影响,提出了改进直升机主减速器行星齿轮机械润滑状态的新思路和具体改进方案,结果证明增加行星轮和太阳轮的齿宽、模数和齿轮啮合角及提高润滑油粘度和粘压系数,可有效地改进齿轮润滑,减少齿面失效,提高行星齿轮传动机构的可靠性。     

球磨机传动齿轮副润滑问题的研究与改进措施

对实际工作中的φ2700×3600型湿式球磨机传动齿轮副在润滑方面的问题进行了分析研究,并从密封装置、润滑方式、润滑油的选择及齿轮间隙的测量等方面提出改进措施,经生产运行,表明改进后传动齿轮副的润滑状况有了明显改善.     

齿轮压力角对润滑油膜厚度的影响

运用弹流润滑理论,分析了轮齿压力角对润滑油膜厚度的影响。结果表明,轮齿压力角的增大,节点最小油膜厚度、接触区内的平均油膜厚度和中心油膜厚度显著增大,对改善齿面润滑极为有利,为非标准重载齿轮的设计提供了理论依据。     

A study on the effect of starvation in mixed elastohydrodynamic lubrication

The effect of starvation in mixed elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) regime is studied. Numerical simulations are conducted for both line and point (elliptical) contacts with the consideration of the surface roughness. The degree of starvation is linked directly to the reduction in the lubricant mass flow rate. Results are presented to gain insight on the influence of starvation on the film thickness as well as the interaction between the surface asperities. Extensive sets of simulation results are used to quantify the effect of starvation in the EHL of rough surfaces. Expressions are developed to predict the percentage of the load carried by the surface asperities (asperity load ratio) as well as the reduction of the central and minimum film thickness in the starved mixed EHL.     

不同粗糙纹理对齿轮齿条热弹流润滑的影响

将齿轮齿条的传动模型简化为圆柱与无限大平面之间的运动,建立考虑齿轮和齿条齿面粗糙纹理影响的齿轮齿条传动的热弹流润滑模型。采用牛顿流体,压力求解采用多重网格法,弹性变形采用多重网格积分法,计算得到不同粗糙纹理下的压力与膜厚,并与光滑表面进行比较,同时比较考虑热效应与等温情况下的压力与膜厚。计算结果表明:受粗糙纹理的影响,齿轮齿条传动机构的压力、膜厚和温升出现波动,最小膜厚变薄;矩形和三角形粗糙纹理表面粗糙峰和粗糙谷内都会形成局部的弹流现象,产生局部压力峰;考虑热效应时粗糙纹理表面的温升呈现波动,而压力和膜厚的波动幅度更大,考虑热效应的齿轮齿条传动机构的弹流润滑分析更符合工程实际。     

齿轮传动系统的动态-瞬态弹性流体动力润滑

本文给出了考虑齿轮传动系统振动影响的瞬态弹性流体动力润滑方程组及其求解方法。在瞬态弹流润滑理论的研究中综合考虑了变载荷、变曲率和变速度的瞬态效应,并被用于渐开线直齿轮的润滑问题。其中,变载荷是考虑到实际齿轮传动中所存在的系统振动所引起的动载荷,该动载荷由一个8质量、16自由度的振动方程求解而得。沿啮合点的动态-瞬态弹流润滑被作为一个时间过程作了完全数值求解。文中给出了一个算例,求得了沿啮合线上啮合时的二次压力峰及油膜厚度的变化曲线,并给出了七个特殊啮合点上的压力分布及油膜形状。     

Behavior of lubricant fluid film in gears under dynamic conditions

This paper presents a new method for modeling the fluid film lubrication in gears, considering the actual meshing conditions and gear dynamics. The model takes into account both the elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) and the dynamic load between the mating tooth pair. The EHL film is described as a fully flooded elliptical contact.The present approach is validated by means of comparison with other methods found in the literature, in which dynamic effects were neglected. The effect of the gear dynamics on the fluid film is investigated. It is shown that pressure and film thickness are strongly modified by the dynamics of the gear pair.The dependence of the dynamic gear lubrication on dimensionless parameters is investigated: a new dimensionless inertia parameter is added to the standard Moes' parameters. These parameters are useful to describe the lubrication conditions in gear pairs.     

高速重载弧齿锥齿轮点接触热弹流综合分析*

针对高速重载弧齿锥齿轮节圆位置,基于热弹流润滑理论进行齿面润滑特性分析,研究不同工况锥齿轮油膜各特征（压力、膜厚、温升）二维轮廓曲线的变化情况。结果表明：高速重载的工况使得Hertz压力峰与二次压力峰出现合并的现象,并且弹流润滑中经典的中央油膜平坦现象并不显著,仅当温度降低使润滑油黏度增加时,才逐渐出现了中央油膜平坦的现象。为了在工程实践中能够有针对性地调整工况参数来改善齿轮的润滑状态,分析油膜特征参数对输入参数的敏感性,发现工况参数中对油膜最大压力的影响程度由大到小为弹性模量、黏度、转速、功率;对油膜最大温升与最小油膜厚度的影响程度由大到小为黏度、转速、弹性模量、功率。     

A measurement and testing method for lubrication regimes in gear transmissions

This paper describes the measurement and test results on oil film thickness conducted with a self-contained gear testing machine, with pandimensional power flow, using an improved method of discharge voltage measurement. A series of experiments were conducted in an attempt to measure and analyse the lubrication regimes of involute and double circular arc gear with different lubricants under various working conditions. A formula is provided for calculating oil film discharge voltage following the recorded output of a level recorder. Experimental results show that such an improved method for discharge voltage is suitable for measurement of film thickness, and that the results are in keeping with the minimum film thickness formula for a double circular arc gear deduced by the authors. The relations between film voltage and the gear parameters of load, rotation speed, lubricant and oil temperature, are also discussed. It is asserted that such a test system has more reliable performance and is more suitable for measuring and analysing the lubrication regimes of gear transmissions than are ordinary experimental systems.     

Application of Transient Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication Analysis for Gear Transmissions

Transient elastohydrodynamic lubrication theory which deals with the lubrication of gear transmission is presented. A numerical procedure was developed to solve the governing equations for the transient EHL with variable load, curvature, and rolling velocity along the line of action. The compressibility of the fluid is taken into consideration. Results are presented for the pressure distribution and the film thickness successively along the line of action as a function of time. A parametric study was conducted to investigate the effects of geometry factors on the lubrication behavior of a gear transmission. Parameters of interest are gear ratio, central distance, gear tooth module, and profile shift of gear tooth. The results of extensive simulations for gear tooth lubrication show that the equivalent curvature radius of gear teeth plays an important role on the EHL film formation.     

供油条件对渐开线直齿圆柱齿轮弹流润滑的影响

以渐开线直齿圆柱齿轮为研究对象,建立齿轮啮合过程中的弹流润滑模型,分析供油条件对齿轮弹流润滑的影响.利用多重网格法,得到在不同供油条件下齿轮啮合过程中的弹流数值解.结果表明:随着供油量的增加,齿轮油膜厚度也随之增加,但当供油量超过一临界值时,油膜膜厚不再增加;乏油对齿轮润滑是不利的,但供油量不是越大越好,存在一临界供油点.     

Influence of a ring flat zone in the point contact surface on thermal elastohydrodynamic lubrication

This paper describes a geometrical profile, an elastohydrodynamically lubricated point contact surface with a ring flat zone, aimed at building up local line contact elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) in point contact conjunctions to reduce the influence of side-leakage on the central film thickness. Effects of the ring flat zone on the thermal EHL characteristics are studied. A dimensionless coefficient, r_W, is defined to represent the relative half width of the ring flat zone in a point contact EHL surface. Thermal EHL numerical simulations have been performed to investigate the influence of r_W on the film thickness as well as pressure, temperature and friction coefficients under different operating conditions. In the range of 0≤r_W≤1.0 results show that the minimum film thickness decreases with increasing r_W and the central film thickness increases with increasing r_W, and the influence of r_W on the film thickness is more pronounced than those on the maximum pressure, the maximum temperature and the friction coefficients. It is revealed that the proposed ring flat zone with appropriate width is beneficial to the thermal lubrication.