生物质气化高温燃料电池一体化发电技术研究

介绍了国内外生物质气化高温燃料电池一体化发电技术的研究现状，主要包括高温燃料电池的特点和研究现状；一体化发电技术的理论模拟；国外相关的试验研究和一体化示范工程。分析了生物质气化高温燃料电池一体化发电技术在我国应用的可行性，提出了目前需要解决的关键技术问题。     

燃料电池标准纳入国家重大科技专项

燃料电池是一种高效、节能、环保的绿色能源 ,我国自“九五”开始进行这项技术的开发研究 ,但是无论国际国内 ,目前对燃料电池还处于研发阶段没有形成规模化生产 ,其重要的原因之一就是缺乏相应的技术标准和检测标准。近年来 ,国际电工委员会 (IEC)专门成立了技术委员会 ,研究制定燃料电池的IEC标准。国家科技部和国家标准委十分重视我国燃料电池标准的制定工作 ,为促进开发拥有自主知识产权的关键性技术 ,实现科技成果的产业化 ,国家科技部将这项标准纳入重大科技专项中 ,该专项的总体目标是 ,计划用 3年的时间 ,建立我国质子交换膜电池标准体系 ,制定质子交换膜燃料电池术语标准、电池组和系统标准、便携式质子交换膜燃料电池标准并研究相应的检测技术。该项目的开展和相应标准的制定 ,可望实现质子交换膜燃料电池的跨越式发展 ,使我国在燃料电池产业化进程与发达国家基本同步。燃料电池标准纳入国家重大科技专项     

燃料电池发展现状与应用前景

介绍了各种类型燃料电池（碱性燃料电池,熔融碳酸盐燃料电池,固体氧化物燃料电池,磷酸燃料电池及质子交换膜燃料电池）的技术进展,电池性能及其特点。其中着重介绍了当今国际上应用较广泛,技术较为成熟的磷酸燃料电池和质子交换膜燃料电池。对燃料电池的应用前景进行探讨,并对我国的燃料电池研究提出了一些建议。     

燃料电池技术原理和应用

介绍了燃料电池的发展历史、特点及分类,并初步介绍了燃料电池的基础理论,能量转化效率对国内外质子交换膜燃料电池的研究和应用情况进行了详细的论述、同时,也论述了我国燃料电池的发展状况和前景.     

燃料电池技术进展

评价了国际燃料电池技术的发展,总结了燃料电池在工业中特别是汽车中的应用,燃料电池已成为我国能源领域最重要的研究项目之一,AFC,PAFC,MCFC,SOFS和PEMFC燃料电池的制造技术已掌握,但燃料电池的应用程序和技术水平还很低。     

燃料电池的发展现状与展望

分别叙述了燃料电池的发展前景 ,使用各种燃料的燃料电池的发展现状 ,新型组件材料的开发 ,以及我国研究开发的进展情况。     

清洁能源—燃料电池

燃料电池具有能量效率高，不排放或极低排放污染物的特点，是一类应用前景广阔的清洁能源。本文简述了燃料电池的原理、应用范围，综述了各国研究和开发燃料电池的方向和策略、燃料电池的制造和应用现状。     

磷酸型燃料电池中电解质性能的研究（一）

介绍了磷酸型燃料电池氢电极的制备过程，初步研究了磷酸型燃料电池的电流－电压性能。     

质子交换膜燃料电池的研究及应用

概述了燃料电池的工作原理及其特点，较详细地综述了质子交换膜燃料电池目前的研究状况及应用。     

利用煤层气资源开发燃料电池的探讨

我国煤层气资源丰富，开发利用前景广阔。燃料电池作为一种新兴能源具有效率高、污染小、噪声低等优点。本文论述了以煤层气为燃料的燃料电池的工作过程，并对其开发应用前景进行了探讨。     

Carbonate fuel cells: Milliwatts to megawatts

The carbonate fuel cell power plant is an emerging high efficiency, ultra-clean power generator utilizing a variety of gaseous, liquid, and solid carbonaceous fuels for commercial and industrial applications. The primary mover of this generator is a carbonate fuel cell. The fuel cell uses alkali metal carbonate mixtures as electrolyte and operates at 650 °C. Corrosion of the cell hardware and stability of the ceramic components have been important design considerations in the early stages of development. The material and electrolyte choices are founded on extensive fundamental research carried out around the world in the 60s and early 70s. The cell components were developed in the late 1970s and early 1980s. The present day carbonate fuel cell construction employs commonly available stainless steels. The electrodes are based on nickel and well-established manufacturing processes. Manufacturing process development, scale-up, stack tests, and pilot system tests dominated throughout the 1990s. Commercial product development efforts began in late 1990s leading to prototype field tests beginning in the current decade leading to commercial customer applications. Cost reduction has been an integral part of the product effort. Cost-competitive product designs have evolved as a result. Approximately half a dozen teams around the world are pursuing carbonate fuel cell product development. The power plant development efforts to date have mainly focused on several hundred kW (submegawatt) to megawatt-class plants. Almost 40 submegawatt units have been operating at customer sites in the US, Europe, and Asia. Several of these units are operating on renewable bio-fuels. A 1 MW unit is operating on the digester gas from a municipal wastewater treatment plant in Seattle, Washington (US). Presently, there are a total of approximately 10 MW capacity carbonate fuel cell power plants installed around the world. Carbonate fuel cell products are also being developed to operate on coal-derived gases, diesel, and other logistic fuels. Innovative carbonate fuel cell/turbine hybrid power plant designs promising record energy conversion efficiencies approaching 75% have also emerged. This paper will review the historical development of this unique technology from milliwatt-scale laboratory cells to present megawatt-scale commercial power plants.     

The fuel cell electric vehicles: The highlight review

Transportation sector is the important sector and consumed the most fossil fuel in the world. Since COVID-19 started in 2019, this sector had become the world connector because every country relies on logistics. The transportation sector does not only deal with the human transportation but also relates to logistics. Research in every country has searched for alternative transportation to replace internal combustion engines using fossil fuel, one of the most prominent choices is fuel cells. Fuel cells can use hydrogen as fuel. Hydrogen can be fed to the fuel cells to provide electric power to drive vehicles, no greenhouse gas emission and no direct combustion required. The fuel cells have been developed widely as the 21st century energy-conservation devices for mobile, stationary, and especially vehicles. The fuel cell electric vehicles using hydrogen as fuel were also called hydrogen fuel cell vehicles or hydrogen electric vehicles. The fuel cells were misconceived by several people that they were batteries, but the fuel cells could provide electric power continuously if their fuel was provided continuously. The batteries could provide electric power as their only capacities, when all ions are released, no power could be provided. Because the fuel cell vehicles play important roles for our future transportation, the overall review for these vehicles is significantly interesting. This overall review can provide general and technical information, variety of readers; vehicle users, manufacturers, and scientists, can perceive and understand the fuel cell vehicles within this review. The readers can realize how important the fuel cell technologies are and support research around the world to drive the fuel cell vehicles to be the leading vehicles in our sustainable developing world.     

氢燃料在汽车上的应用探讨

分析汽油－氢发动机、燃氢发动机及氢燃料电池的特点,并结合目前世界各国对氢燃料在汽车上的应用的研究状况,对氢燃料在汽车上的应用进行了展望。     

A review on anion exchange membranes for fuel cells: Anion-exchange polyelectrolytes and synthesis strategies

The energy distribution of the world is in a critical transition from traditional fossil fuel to new clean energy. Actually, the fuel cell is favored by researchers as an efficient and clean energy conversion equipment. The anion exchange membranes (AEMs) with excellent performance and long service life will become the development trend of alkaline fuel cells in the future. Compared with proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), its advantages of affordable price, work safety, and non-precious metal participation are widely favored by researchers. This paper reviews the performance of characteristics, synthesis methods, modification methods, and alkaline stability protection of anion-exchange polyelectrolytes (AEPs), and the current research and development status of AEPs used in AEMs are summarized. The evaluation and comparison of different types of AEPs and AEMs based on different AEPs are put forward. This review is expected to further deepen the understanding of AEPs in AEMFC.     

Overview on nanostructured membrane in fuel cell applications

Fuel cells are expected to soon become a source of low- to zero-emission power generation for applications in portable technologies and electric vehicles. Allowing development of high quality solid electrolytes and production of smaller fuel cells, significant progress has been made in the development of fuel cell membranes using nanotechnology. Nanostructures have been recognized as critical elements to improve the performance of fuel cell membranes. This paper provides an overview of research and development of nanostructured membranes for different fuel cell applications and focuses on improvement of fuel cell membranes by these nanostructures. Theoretical studies using molecular-scale modeling and simulation of fuel cell membranes have also been included in this review. Other issues regarding the technology limitations, research challenges and future trends are also reviewed.     

A bibliometric analysis on safety of fuel cells: Research trends and perspectives

Fuel cells, as energy conversion devices, are receiving attention from researchers and developers due to their high efficiency and environmentally friendly characteristics. However, despite the prospect of booming fuel cell development, the overall quality and level of development still need to be improved, and safety is one of the key development indicators. This article presents a scientometric and knowledge network analysis of fuel cell safety based on information from 890 relevant publications in the Web of Science Core Collection. The bibliometric software VOSviewer and Co-Occurrence are used for in-depth analysis and visual presentation of the publication information. The results show that the first publication is released in 1991, and this research field has exploded since 2017. Moreover, the USA and China have the strongest cooperation in this field. The hot areas of fuel cell safety research are focused on five clusters: electrode and catalyst safety, fuel cell electric vehicle safety, hydrogen safety, energy generation and storage safety, and solid oxide fuel cell safety. This article maps the knowledge of research related to fuel cell safety and helps readers gain a quick perspective on the research structure and future directions in this field.     

Diagnosis of automotive fuel cell power generators

Most of car manufacturers around the world have launched important research programs on the integration of fuel cell (FC) power generators into cars. Despite the first achievements, fuel cell systems are still badly known, particularly when talking about fault diagnosis and predictive maintenance. This paper proposes a first step in this way by introducing a simple but also efficient diagnosis-oriented model of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). The considered diagnosis model is here a fuzzy one and is tuned thanks to genetic algorithms.     

Energy management strategy based on fuzzy logic for a fuel cell hybrid bus

Fuel cell vehicles, as a substitute for internal-combustion-engine vehicles, have become a research hotspot for most automobile manufacturers all over the world. Fuel cell systems have disadvantages, such as high cost, slow response and no regenerative energy recovery during braking; hybridization can be a solution to these drawbacks. This paper presents a fuel cell hybrid bus which is equipped with a fuel cell system and two energy storage devices, i.e., a battery and an ultracapacitor. An energy management strategy based on fuzzy logic, which is employed to control the power flow of the vehicular power train, is described. This strategy is capable of determining the desired output power of the fuel cell system, battery and ultracapacitor according to the propulsion power and recuperated braking power. Some tests to verify the strategy were developed, and the results of the tests show the effectiveness of the proposed energy management strategy and the good performance of the fuel cell hybrid bus.