粉煤灰中硅铝溶出规律及定向合成X型沸石研究

采用分光光度法测定水热合成条件下大同塔山电厂粉煤灰中硅、铝溶出量,据此调配粉煤灰水热合成沸石凝胶体系的硅铝比,在研究优化室温陈化时间、晶化温度和晶化时间等工艺参数的基础上,定向制备出X型沸石;采用氮气吸附仪、X射线衍射仪、醋酸铵法等表征沸石的比表面积、物相组成及阳离子交换容量.结果表明:水热合成条件下大同煤粉煤灰中硅、铝溶出量随时间延长先增大后减小,在14～16 min达到峰值,此时硅、铝溶出率分别为16.9％、9.1％,凝胶体系硅铝比为3.9,适宜制备X型沸石;室温陈化24 h、100℃晶化8h工艺条件下制备的沸石性能较好,比表面积为97.5 m2/g,阳离子交换容量为214.2 cmol/kg,产物主要为NaX型沸石.     

粉煤灰沸石的离子交换性

粉煤灰沸石是以粉煤灰为主要原料合成的一种具有和离子交换特性的材料.粉煤灰沸石的离子交换性能与工业合成沸石相似.粉煤灰沸石的交换能力取决于阳离子类型和粉煤灰沸石的种类、结晶度等。结晶度高的粉煤灰沸石具有较高的离子交换容量。     

粉煤灰分步溶出硅铝制备纯沸石分子筛的研究

研究了一种由粉煤灰合成纯沸石分子筛的新工艺,粉煤灰与碳酸钠混合焙烧生成硅酸钠和硅铝酸钠,用少量水浸取其中的硅酸钠,含硅铝酸钠的残余物用碱液浸取.实验发现,在碱溶过程中溶液中的硅铝存在过饱和现象,在过饱和期内实现固液分离,可提取粉煤灰中的硅铝用于合成X型、A型、P型纯沸石产品.1 kg粉煤灰合成310～560 g纯沸石.晶化导向剂和晶种对沸石晶型和晶化时间有很大影响.经仪器和化学分析方法对沸石产品从矿物组成和阳离子交换容量进行表征,制得产品的阳离子交换容量可达3.2～ 4.7meq/g,纯度较高.     

粉煤灰合成沸石及其处理焦化废水A/O出水的试验

以NaOH作碱源,采用水热晶化法将粉煤灰转化成沸石.通过改变灼烧温度、NaOH浓度、液固比、晶化时间,考察合成条件对合成沸石阳离子交换容量的影响,并应用于焦化废水A/O出水的处理.结果表明:在灼烧温度为700℃、NaOH浓度为1 mol/L、液固比为5:1 mL/g、晶化时间为36 h条件下,合成沸石的阳离子交换容量最高为167 mmol/100g,是原粉煤灰的12.8倍,高于天然沸石的160 mmol/100 g;合成沸石处理焦化废水A/O出水的最佳条件是反应时间为1 h,沸石投加量为2g/100mL,pH值为6.0～9.0,此时NH3-N、COD去除率及出水质量浓度分别为46.7%、17.6%和62.6、197.8 mg/L,合成沸石对NH广N的吸附符合Freundlich吸附等温式.     

微波辅助加热粉煤灰水热合成沸石的最佳条件

以火力发电厂粉煤灰为原料,微波辅助加热水热合成沸石,并用阳离子交换容量(CEC)检测粉煤灰沸石合成效果.将微波辅助加热合成与同等条件下的常规水热合成进行比较,探讨微波辅助合成沸石中的影响因素及最佳条件.微波条件下影响粉煤灰合成沸石的种类及合成效果的主要因素有:粉煤灰的组分、温度、时间、活化剂种类、碱浓度、液固比、微波催化等;微波合成最佳条件为:120℃、40 min、NaOH浓度2 mol/L、液固比2.5.     

粉煤灰合成沸石过程溶解性机理及吸附潜能研究

本文研究了温度、碱度、液固比(L/S)及反应时间对粉煤灰水热法合成沸石过程中其溶解性的影响,结果表明在溶解阶段.反应时间、温度、碱度及液固比与粉煤灰的溶解性成正相关,而随着反应进入到结晶阶段,溶解的si和Al逐渐组合成沸石.在温度为95℃、L/S为6 mL/g、碱浓度(NaOH)为2 mol/L的条件下,Na-Pl沸石的合成在96h时产量最高,同时其阳离子交换容量(CEC)为206.7 cmol/kg,比表面积(SSA)为37.7 m<'2>/g,分别是原样粉煤灰的125倍和34倍,在水环境污染物吸附方面具有较大的应用潜能.     

醋酸和二甲醚的生产过程

正专利披露了甲醇和醋酸甲酯与沸石催化剂接触生产醋酸和二甲醚的过程。沸石催化剂有2-尺寸的通道系统,系统包含至少一个有10-节环的通道和它的阳离子交换能力的至少5%由一个或多个碱金属阳离子所占据。Clark Thoms Edward(GB);ect.WO2013124423(A1)     

不同钙含量粉煤灰合成沸石对污水中磷的去除

进行了以不同钙含量的粉煤灰为原料合成的3种沸石对污水中磷去除的试验,探讨了表面交换性阳离子种类、投加量以及磷浓度对除磷的影响。结果表明：最佳投加量为8g／L,磷去除率可达到70％以上合成沸石除磷能力均高于粉煤灰,钙饱和处理又可明显进一步提高粉煤灰合成沸石的除磷效果。粉煤灰合成沸石钙含量越高,对磷的去除率越高。因此,采用高钙粉煤灰为原料合成沸石并进行钙饱和处理,可以获得除磷能力强的合成沸石材料。     

ZBAF中沸石对铵氮的吸附特性试验研究

用化学方法和生物方法对沸石滤料曝气生物滤池(ZBAF)中长期运行吸铵饱和的沸石进行再生,并通过吸附动力学和吸附热力学对新鲜沸石和再生沸石的吸附容量和吸附速率进行了试验研究。研究结果表明:再生沸石对铵氮良好的吸附和交换性能仍然存在;再生沸石的吸附速率较新鲜沸石有所下降;化学再生沸石的吸附容量较新鲜沸石基本不变,而生物再生沸石的吸附容量下降较大。     

无机离子交换剂的Na-NH4^＋离子交换特性

研究以天然沸石为基体制备无机离子交换剂的方法;利用离子交换剂的吸附等温曲线,可得到阳离子最大的交换容量;通过离子交换剂的吸附动力学曲线,可求得吸附平衡时间。结果表明,以改性剂M为改性材料,在天然沸石与改性剂M质量比为4：1时制得的无机离子交换剂的阳离子交换容量最高,常温时能达50mg／g,平衡吸附时间约为2h。     

Synthesis of Zeolite A from Aluminoborosilicate Glass Used in Glass Substrates of Liquid Crystal Display Panels and Evaluation of Its Cation Exchange Capacity

Synthesis of zeolite A from aluminoborosilicate glass used in liquid crystal display (LCD) panel glass substrate was attempted. Mixture of aluminoborosilicate glass and sodium aluminate was hydrothermally treated with sodium hydroxide solution for 10.8–345.6 ks at 368–423 K. Aluminoborosilicate glass was also acid treated with nitric acid before hydrothermal treatment. Obtained samples were characterized by X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope observation. Zeolite A, hydroxysodalite, and zeolite P were synthesized, and with the specific conditions of hydrothermal treatment, a single phase of zeolite A was successfully obtained. Acid treatment was effective for synthesis of a single phase of zeolite A, because the components of aluminoborosilicate other than SiO₂ preferentially eluted for acid solution and during following hydrothermal treatment SiO₂ was supposed to elute for alkaline solution. Cation‐exchange capacities (CECs) were investigated for these products. It was clarified that CEC of the product with a single phase of zeolite A obtained from aluminoborosilicae glass was 4.2 mol/kg. CEC of the product consisted of zeolite A and hydroxysodalite was 3.9 mol/kg, and the one consisted of zeolite A, hydroxysodalite, and zeolite P was 2.6 mol/kg. This results shows that aluminoborosilicate glass could be expected to be recycled in zeolite A with good CEC by the appropriate process.     

Synthesis of zeolite Na-P1 from coal fly ash produced by gasification and its application as adsorbent for removal of Cr(VI) from water

The coal fly ash produced by gasification is estimated to be over 80 million ton per year in China by 2021. It has mainly been disposed as solid waste by landfill. There is lack of study focused on its utilization. In this paper, the coal fly ash produced by gasification was at first analyzed and then applied to synthesize zeolite as an adsorbent. The effects of synthesis conditions on the cation exchange capacity (CEC) of zeolite were investigated. The results from X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope indicated that the crystallinity of the synthesized zeolite is the most important factor to affect the CEC. When the synthesized zeolite with the highest CEC (275.5 meq/100 g) was used for the adsorption of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution, the maximum adsorption capacity for Cr(VI) was found to be 17.924 mg/g. The effects of pH, contact time and initial concentration on the adsorption of Cr(VI) were also investigated. The adsorption kinetics and isotherms can be well described by the pseudo-second-order model and Langmuir isotherm model, respectively.     

Preparation of Na‐P1‐Type Zeolite and its Composite Material with Nanosized Magnetite

The Na‐P1‐type zeolite having a high cation‐exchange capacity (CEC) was obtained using the waste coal fly ash from thermal power stations and a 2M NaOH solution at 100°C. The Na‐P1‐type zeolite was formed with the reaction time of 6 h at 100°C, and its CEC value increased with an increase in the reaction time. The addition of a suitable amount of NaAlO₂ to the fly ash was also effective for improving the CEC value. A new composite material consisting of the Na‐P1‐type zeolite and magnetite was synthesized from the fly ash and iron chlorides because the magnetic collection was possible using this composite material after radioactive Cs⁺ ion adsorption. The existence of nanosized magnetites in the polycrystalline zeolite (several micrometers) was confirmed by TEM observations. The CEC and magnetic property of these composite materials were characterized.     

A simple thermogravimetric method for the evaluation of the degree of fly ash conversion into zeolite material

The thermogravimetry was used for the evaluation of degree of conversion of fly ash into zeolite material alongside the CEC and XRD methods being currently proposed for this purpose. The present work proposes the calculation of the thermogravimetric fly ash-to-zeolite conversion factor, CF_TGA, based on the comparison of the mass loss of the commercial zeolite (standard) occurred during dehydration with that of the fly ash-derived zeolite. This mass loss is characteristic of a specific zeolite type, and the corresponding zeolite water content in the sample of zeolites indicates their degree of crystallinity and zeolite phase content. The use of the TGA method for the indirect determination of the fly ash-to-zeolite conversion factor would be preferable owing to its “speed” compared to other methods proposed for this purpose, as well as the capability to use a consistent procedure. Because of its short CF_TGA determination procedure, the thermogravimetric method can be used for the control and determination of the quality of fly ash-derived zeolite in an industrial plant.     

Zeolite synthesis from paper sludge ash with addition of diatomite

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to investigate the synthesis of zeolites from paper sludge ash (PSA) with added diatomite to remove both NH₄⁺ and PO₄^3? for water purification. The PSA had low Si and significant Ca contents. Four types of diatomite: white (T‐W) and brown (T‐B) from deposits of marine origin in Takanosu, and white (S‐W) and gray (S‐G) from lacustrine deposits in Shonai, were added to NaOH solution to increase the Si content and thereby synthesize zeolites with high cation exchange capacity (CEC). RESULTS: The order of the amounts of Si extracted from the diatomite to the alkali solution was S‐W > T‐W = T‐B > S‐G, which correlates with the amorphous SiO₂ content of diatomite. The original ash without addition of diatomite yielded hydroxysodalite with CEC of about 1.0 mmol g^?1. For all samples, the addition of diatomite to the solution yielded zeolite‐P with a higher CEC, but the addition of excess Si inhibited the synthesis of zeolite‐P, and the CEC of the product was low. A product with high CEC including zeolite‐P was obtained in a solution with around 500 mmol L^?1 of Si concentration, and had the ability to remove both NH₄⁺ and PO₄^3?. CONCLUSION: Diatomite has the potential for used as an additive for the synthesis of high CEC zeolite from PSA. The product with zeolite‐P exhibited relatively high CEC, capacity for NH₄⁺ uptake, and the ability to remove PO₄^3? by precipitation, which is preferable for water purification applications. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

粉煤灰两步法水热合成NaA沸石工艺研究

研究了粉煤灰两步法水热合成沸石过程中,粉煤灰中Si和Al在不同NaOH浓度溶液下的溶出规律及溶出浓度;采用XRD和CEC测试手段探讨了晶化过程中的温度、时间和NaOH浓度三个参数对晶化产物的影响,得到了最佳的工艺参数:晶化温度为100℃,时间为4h,NaOH浓度为2.5M.在此条件下,合成出了结晶良好且纯度较高的NaA沸石,其CEC值为4.3mmol/g.     

Effects of Ageing and Seeding on the Formation of Zeolite Y from Coal Fly Ash

Zeolite Y was selectively synthesised by treating Tarong fly ash in a hydrothermal system. The effects of ageing and seeding on the formation of the resultant phases, crystallisation kinetics, and gel chemistry of Si and Al were investigated. Most of the Si and Al components in the Tarong fly ash could be effectively transformed into zeolite Y in the presence of seeds but not the mineral phase, like mullite. The maximum crystallinity of zeolite Y obtained was 72%. The cation-exchange capacity (CEC) of the fly ash was 0.08 mmol/g but increased to 3.2 mmol/g after a proper treatment. Crystallisation of zeolite materials from fly ash is quite different from that of normal zeolite synthesis because the sources of Si and Al are relatively less reactive and other cation ions (e.g., K⁺, Mg²⁺) are present in fly ash. Zeolite P is a competitive phase present in the resulting products that could be eliminated by employing the seeding method. NMR study demonstrated that ageing plays an important role in enhancing the hydrothermal condition during which both Si and Al in fly ash dissolved into a basic solution and reacted to form ring-like structures, and further to zeolite materials. Seeding can selectively induce the formation of zeolite Y and eliminate the processes of induction and nucleation.     

Adsorption of berberine on commercial minerals

There is interest in studying interactions between organic modifiers and raw commercial clays aiming the production of low-cost “organoclays”. In this study we report the interaction between berberine — a monovalent organic cation — and three commercial bentonites and a Turkish zeolite. The Turkish zeolite exhibited adsorption at values of 5–10% of the cation exchange capacity (CEC) with no neutralization of the particles. Adsorption of the organo-cation on Egyptian bentonite, Volclay KWK and Pure-Flo B80, was above the CEC of the bentonites, yielding neutral and even slightly positively charged particles. Electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction results showed expansion of the basal spacing of the smectite. Such low-cost organo-bentonites might be suitable for environmental applications as removal of pollutants, drug and pesticides delivery, or water treatment. Application in turbidity reduction of industrial effluents is demonstrated.     

Using Coal Fly Ash and Wastewater for Microwave Synthesis of LTA Zeolite

The reuse of industrial wastes from a coal‐fired power plant and a plasma electrolytic oxidation process was attempted to realize a zero discharge. The batch composition was adjusted by adding sodium hydroxide and sodium aluminate. A single‐mode microwave oven equipped with reflux condenser was used for crystallization under atmospheric pressure. The synthesized samples were characterized by X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, BET, thermogravimetric analysis, and cation‐exchange capacity (CEC) measurement. Analytical results indicated that Na‐A zeolite with a defined maximum crystallinity could be successfully synthesized by hydrothermal treatment of fly ash with wastewater. Due to the high CEC, the product can be applied for gas purification and soil remediation processes.     

污泥焚烧灰预处理-水热法合成NaSOD型沸石的试验

以污泥焚烧灰为原料,通过酸处理和加碱煅烧预处理后,采用水热法合成了NaSOD型沸石,并对其进行了表征和性能测定。结果表明：酸处理可显著提高焚烧灰中硅铝成分的含量,加碱煅烧能够有效激活存在于石英等晶体中的硅铝元素;酸预处理的最佳pH为1,此时SiO2和A1舢含量的百分比之和可达77．65％,比焚烧灰原料高出22．17％;最佳煅烧碱灰比为3：2,最佳煅烧温度为700℃。对合成样品的X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）以及傅里叶红外光谱（Fr—IR）表征结果显示,污泥焚烧灰经过预处理后合成的样品,其结构呈NaSOD型沸石,且结晶完整、晶型单一,晶体形貌为球形笼状结构,合成沸石中自由水的含量高。而未经预处理直接水热合成的样品,结晶度低,且存在大量未被活化的石英晶体。因此,预处理对污泥焚烧灰合成NaSOD型沸石起着至关重要的作用。性能测定的结果显示,经预处理合成的NaSOD型沸石,其阳离子交换容量（CEC）、比表面积和总孔容,相对于焚烧灰原料分别提高了40、78和24倍,而未经预处理直接水热合成的产物则分别只提高了14、30和12倍。这意味着经预处理的合成产物在离子交换、吸附和催化等方面的性能有了很大的提升。