难消化糊精及其应用

介绍了难消化糊精的性状、结构、生产工艺、质量标准以及使用安全性;阐述了难消化糊精的生理功效及其在食品领域中的应用。     

难消化糊精及其应用

介绍难消化糊精的性状、结构、生产工艺、质量标准以及使用安全性;阐述难消化糊精的生理功效及其在食品领域中应用。     

难消化糊精的研究进展

难消化糊精是抗消化、低热量的膳食纤维食品,具有降低血糖血脂、防止血糖升高、改善肠胃功能、促进体内益生菌增殖和预防疾病等生理功能,2012年被卫生部批准为普通食品。随着人们生活品质提高,越来越注重食品保健功能,难消化糊精的市场前景极其广阔。作者对难消化糊精的理化和结构特性、研究进展、生理功效、应用领域和产品市场概况进行总结分析,以期能促进难消化糊精行业的可持续健康发展。     

难消化糊精及其制备工艺

近年来膳食纤维的重要性得到了越来越多的关注,在许多国家除了糖、蛋白质、脂肪、维生素和矿物质外,膳食纤维被称为第六营养素。难消化糊精是以淀粉为原料制造的,是水溶性膳食纤维的一种。对难消化糊精的性状、结构、制备工艺以及影响产品质量的因素进行介绍。     

难消化糊精的研究进展

难消化糊精是抗消化、低热量的膳食纤维食品,具有降低血糖血脂、防止血糖升高、改善肠胃功能、促进体内益生菌增殖和预防疾病等生理功能,2012年被卫生部批准为普通食品。随着人们生活品质提高,越来越注重食品保健功能,难消化糊精的市场前景极其广阔。作者对难消化糊精的理化和结构特性、研究进展、生理功效、应用领域和产品市场概况进行总结分析,以期能促进难消化糊精行业的可持续健康发展。     

难消化淀粉的生理功能及制备

本文对难消化淀粉的特点、功能、分类及制备方法作了综述。重点介绍了难消化淀粉的制备方法。与膳食纤维相比 ,难消化淀粉对人体有其特有的生理功能 ,所以如何提高难消化淀粉的产率是现阶段一个很有意义的研究课题     

难消化糊精Fibersol2的保健功效

将淀粉以粉末的状态加热分解后调制而成的产品称之为焙烤糊精，其作为赋形剂或稀释剂在食品和医药品领域已得到广泛使用。早在20世纪50年代，人们就发现，在焙烤糊精中含有抗人体消化酶（如：淀粉酶、葡萄糖淀粉酶等）作用的成分。但应用这些成分对人体消化系统进行有针对性试验的事例一直未见有公开发表。直至近年，日本松谷化学工业株式会社开发出了难消化糊精Fibersol 2，其具有多种生理效果并取得日本政府特定保健食品原料的认定。截至2001年10月23日，日本厚生劳动省批准的252种特定保健食品中的32种使用了Fibersol 2，占总数的12.7%…     

高纯度难消化糊精的制备工艺及其特性研究

研究了高纯度难消化糊精的制备工艺及其特性。以玉米淀粉为原料,经过高温酸解得到焦糊精,再酶解、浓缩,采用酒精沉淀的方法得到难消化糊精后用酒精洗去葡萄糖,制备高纯度难消化糊精。结果表明最佳工艺条件为:加酸量为12%,焦糊化温度为180℃,焦糊化时间为0.5h,酒精洗涤次数为6次,此时高纯度难消化糊精得率可达40.32%,纯度可达95.30%。并测定了高纯度难消化糊精的分子量分布和热特性分析,重均分子量为8607u,热稳定性高。本文为其在各类食品中的应用奠定了一定基础。      

难消化淀粉的生理功能及制备

本文对难消化淀粉的特点、功能、分类及制备方法作了综述。重点介绍了难消化淀粉的制备方法。与膳食纤维相比，难消化淀粉对人体有其特有的生理功能，所以如何提高难消化淀粉的产率是现阶段一个很有意义的研究课题。     

抗性麦芽糊精研究进展

介绍了抗性麦芽糊精的形成机理、生产工艺和生理功能的最新研究进展,阐述了抗性麦芽糊精主要产品的基本性质及其在食品工业中的应用。     

Chemical Composition,Starch Bioavailability and Indigestible fraction of Common Beans (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.)

In Mexico, consumption of beans represents 15% of the normal diet of the population in rural zones. Four common bean varieties cultivated in Mexico were studied regarding their chemical composition, starch digestibility and indigestible fraction. The protein level in the samples Huasteco, Tacana and TLP 19 was not different (α = 0.05), but Veracruz cultivar had the highest protein and ash content, and the lowest lipid level. Differences in chemical composition were determined in the cultivars studied. Total starch (TS) ranged between 33.6 and 36.7%, and the cultivars Tacana, TLP 19 and Veracruz were not different in starch content (α = 0.05). The available starch (AS) determined represented between 74 and 87% of TS, due to the resistant starch content and perhaps some complex formed between starch and protein or starch and polyphenols, by the high level of the indigestible fraction determined in the beans. The in vitro α‐amylolysis rate was similar for the different varieties, except for Veracruz cultivar which presented a slightly lower hydrolysis rate.     

菠萝蜜种子淀粉消化特性与糊性质的研究

以菠萝蜜种子为原料提取淀粉,研究淀粉的消化特性以及糊性质。结果表明:菠萝蜜种子淀粉具有较低的消化性,抗酶解能力强;通过扫描电镜观察,发现α-淀粉酶作用不同的淀粉,其酶解方式不同,对菠萝蜜种子淀粉是通过淀粉表面进行侵蚀的作用方式酶解,而对于玉米淀粉则通过淀粉颗粒通道酶解颗粒内部;淀粉糊属于假塑性流体,其抗剪切能力比玉米淀粉,木薯淀粉强,其凝沉性比玉米淀粉小,比木薯淀粉大。     

The Relationship Between Wheat Flour and Starch Pasting Properties and Starch Hydrolysis: Effect of Non‐starch Polysaccharides in a Starch Gel System

Non‐starch polysaccharides (NSPs) and celite (used as inert filler) were incorporated into wheat flour and wheat starch paste preparations at levels of 1, 2.5, and 5% in both addition and replacement modes. Pasting properties of gums were compared using a Rapid Visco Analyser. Use of guar gum and locust bean gum elevated the peak and final viscosities of the resulting pastes (when used in either addition or replacement modes), whereas arabic gum significantly reduced the peak and final viscosity properties of the pastes. Samples which comprised wheat starch yielded higher peak and final viscosity characteristics compared to wheat flour containing samples, however higher breakdown and setback values were observed for samples using wheat flour as a base compared to wheat starch. The firmness of the gels (as determined using a texture analyser) increased with the use of wheat starch compared to wheat flour. Little significant difference was observed between NSP used and mode of application (replacement or addition). In vitro starch degradation was conducted on the wheat flour gels. Guar gum and locust bean gum reduced the amount of starch degradation in these gels, whereas arabic gum and celite increased the amount of starch hydrolysis (or were similar to the control). The rate of starch hydrolysis appears to be related to the viscosity altering behaviour of the NSPs in a starch‐rich system. The results indicate that selection of NSPs is important as gum arabic has the potential to increase starch hydrolysis compared to the control.     

Indigestible Starch of P. lunatus Obtained by Pyroconversion: Changes in Physicochemical Properties

Lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus) starch was modified using pyroconversion to produce non‐digestible starch and the functional properties of the pyrodextrinized starches were evaluated. Reaction conditions included: starch/2.2 M HCl ratio (80:1 and 160:1, w/v); temperature (90°C and 110°C) and reaction time (1 and 3 h). “In vitro” indigestible starch and color difference (ΔE) were determined and used as response variables. The optimum product was recovered from native starch treated with a 160:1 starch/HCl ratio, at 90°C for 1 h, which produced modified starches containing 49.5% indigestible starch and ΔE of 18.86. Starch pyrodextrinization decreased the amount of enzymatically available starch through formation of atypical glycosidic bonds that are not digested by the amylases and maltooligosaccharidases in the small intestine of humans. Compared to the P. lunatus native starch, the pyrodextrinized starch exhibited increased paste and gel clarity (52.7%T), solubility (88.7%), and swelling power (26 g water/g starch), a higher gelatinization temperature range (72.5–89.8°C) and lower viscosity. This process can be considered a promising treatment for production of resistant starch (RS) from P. lunatus.     

超声波辅助酶解淀粉制备糊精的工艺研究

以玉米淀粉为原料,采用超声波处理对淀粉乳酶解前进行处理,然后酶解制备糊精,可获得分子分布更为均匀的糊精样品。超声波作用条件为：超声功率50W,超声全程时间范围可选择5～15min,超声波工作时间选择2～5s 范围,间隔时间可选择20s 以上。在此基础上调整加酶量或酶解时间,可获得不同DE 值的糊精样品。通过电镜观察,超声波处理会侵蚀淀粉颗粒表面,造成不同程度的破裂;高强度的超声波降解支链淀粉的作用增强,超声波处理制备的糊精分子分布更为均匀,并且大分子比例减少。     

极限糊精对小麦淀粉回生的影响

为进一步阐述α淀粉酶抑制淀粉回生的机理,作者采用广角X射线衍射法(WXRD)和差示扫描量热法(DSC)表征极限糊精对小麦淀粉回生的影响。WXRD结果显示,小麦淀粉中加入10%的F75和F88极限糊精组分,回生样品的相对结晶度分别为3.09%和2.74%,均小于不加极限糊精的相对结晶度(3.28%)。DSC结果也表明,极限糊精组分F75和F88均可降低小麦淀粉的回生焓值。用Avrami方程拟合小麦淀粉结晶动力学,小麦淀粉的重结晶生长为一次成核(n1),添加极限糊精后,结晶速率常数k降低,表明小麦淀粉的成核速度降低,淀粉回生受到抑制。此外,还采用分子动力学模拟的方法预测极限糊精影响淀粉片段回生过程。结果表明,极限糊精与淀粉片段间经非共价作用阻碍淀粉链靠近形成有序化结构。     

酶法制备的蜡质玉米淀粉β-限制糊精的性质

对大麦β-淀粉酶水解蜡质玉米淀粉制备的β-限制糊精的颗粒形态、结晶性及特性进行研究。结果表明:β-限制糊精颗粒有棱角、呈不规则状,非结晶结构,β-限制糊精糊凝沉性弱,溶解度与膨润力、透明度和冻融稳定性均较原蜡质玉米淀粉有明显的改善,吸湿性比蜡质玉米淀粉略小。β-限制糊精具备的这些优良的性质和良好的加工性能,使其在食品加工业中有广阔的应用前景和很大的开发潜力。     

Effects of Processing on Dextrin, Total Starch, Dietary Fiber and Starch Digestibility in Infant Cereals

ABSTRACT: :
This study was conducted to determinate the effect of industrial processing on the carbohydrates composition and in vitro starch digestibility in 4 varieties of infant cereals, 2 gluten-free ( Growth , and Rice and carrots ) and 2 with gluten ( Mixed cereals , and Wheat ). Samples were obtained at 4 processing stages (raw, roasted, film and commercial product) and total starch (TS), free glucose (FG), dextrin, amylose, and total dietary fiber (TDF) contents were evaluated. Industrial processing caused a significant decreased in TS and amylose and a significant increase in dextrin. Infant cereals showed a higher in vitro starch digestibility index than white bread (used as a reference), being fully hydrolyzed in-between 60 to 90 min of assay. It can be concluded that regarding the source of cereal used for the manufacture, the enzymatic processing ensure a complete digestion of starch and so the glucose availability for infant nutrition, while TDF may influence colonic events without affecting glucose absorption.     

Indigestible fraction of okara from soybean: composition,physicochemical properties and in vitro fermentability by pure cultures of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Lactobacillus acidophilus</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Bifidobacterium bifidum</Emphasis>

Major non-digestible components of soybean seeds and okara were determined by an in vitro enzymatic-physiological method, alternative to dietary fibre. Total indigestible fraction was higher in okara (41.6%) than in seeds (28.5%), and consisted of soluble and insoluble fractions, mainly composed of non-starch polysaccharides, klason lignin and resistant protein. Total protein was lower in okara (32.29%) than in seeds (46.97%), as were oil (14.72% okara–20.89% seeds) and ash contents (3.18% okara–4.60% seeds). In vitro digestibility of protein was lower for okara (84.3%), than for soybean seed (91.8%). Moreover, okara showed high swelling (10.54 ± 0.14 mL/g d.w.) and water retention capacity (8.87 ± 0.06 g/g d.w.) and was fermented in vitro to a greater extent by Bifidobacterium bifidum (29.8%), than by Lactobacillus acidophilus (8.3%). For its composition, physico-chemical properties and bifidogenic capacity in vitro, okara is a potential candidate to be a prebiotic fibre-rich ingredient of new functional foods. An erratum to this article can be found at     

羧甲基-黄糊精的制备及其在铬复鞣中的应用

以黄糊精为原料,采用羧甲基化改性方法引入羧基,由L9(34)正交试验优化了羧甲基-黄糊精(CMYD)制备的最佳条件,分析了CMYD的结构和性质;从铬吸收率、废液铬含量,革坯收缩温度、增厚率、柔软度及物理机械性能等方面,研究了CMYD的应用效果。研究表明:CMYD的最佳制备条件为nNaOH/nAGU=2.8,nMCA/nAGU=1.5,V水/V乙醇=0.10,温度为50℃,时间为3h,产物取代度达到0.7920,反应效率为56.57%;将其应用于铬复鞣前,当CMYD用量为6%时,铬吸收率提高25.38%,废液铬含量下降到0.41g/L,增厚率达到19.16%。