CT导航微创外科机器人关节液压锁紧结构研究

分析了目前微创外科机器人关节锁紧机构的发展现状和存在的问题,讨论了机器人关节摩擦力 矩产生的机理以及影响摩擦力矩的因素．针对当前医疗机器人锁紧结构不足之处,基于关节摩擦理论,提出 并设计了三种不同形式的CT 导航微创外科机器人关节锁紧结构,分别阐述了它们的工作原理和实现形式．通 过对不同结构的性能对比实验,确定采用基于外摩擦环的机器人关节锁紧结构,并初步验证基于该结构的机 器人系统可以满足CT 导航微创外科临床手术需求．     

基于并联原理的调姿机构位置分析

并联机器人已成为机器人研究与应用的一个热点，并联机构与串联机构在结构和性能上都存在对偶关系^[1-2]，而且并联机构的逆运动学问题比较容易，这有利于轨迹规划，本文对一对基于并联原理的新型调姿机构建立了数学模型，给出了它的位置方程，并分析了它的输入输出关系。     

柔索驱动三自由度球面并联机构运动学与静力学研究

柔索驱动并联机器人采用柔索代替连杆作为机器人的驱动元件,它结合了并联结构和 柔索驱动的优点．文章提出了一种新型带有约束机构的并联柔索驱动机器人，采用四根柔索 驱动．由于约束机构的引入，机器人可实现在空间的三维转动．介绍柔索驱动并联机器 人的机构构型，给出了位姿逆解，建立了静力平衡方程和运动学方程，讨论了柔索拉力的确 定方法．研究结果证明在加入了约束机构后，柔索机器人可以实现更多的运动形式，这就为 更广泛的应用柔索驱动成为可能．     

双足机器人HEUBR-1 样机研制与实验研究

模拟人的肌肉驱动方式,为双足机器人HEUBR-1 设计了二自由度的空间并联机构,并将其应用于双 足机器人HEUBR-1 下肢关节,实现了一种新的串并混联的仿人下肢结构．在HEUBR-1 的足部增加了足趾关节,使 机器人能够模拟人的行走方式,实现真正的拟人步态行走．阐述了双足机器人HEUBR-1 稳定拟人行走的关键性技 术,提出了综合稳定性判据,分析了拟人的多种步态．通过拟人行走步态实验分析,验证了双足机器人HEUBR-1 串 并混联的仿人结构的设计合理性及拟人步态分析的准确性．     

平面三自由度并联冗余机器人的位置分析

由于机构的结构复杂 ,对并联机器人进行位置分析 ,尤其是并联冗余机器人 ,要比串联机器人复杂得多 .本文提出一种新的平面三自由度并联冗余机器人位置分析方法 ,运用这种方法进行了位置正解和位置反解分析 .对于位置正解 ,其中方程的解最多为 4 ,说明这种平面并联机构可以有 4种不同的位姿 .对于位置反解 ,可以有16组解 .最后用数值实例进行了验证 ,给出了计算结果 .本文所提出的方法也为求解其它并联冗余机器人提供了新的途径     

线驱动模块化七自由度机器人轨迹跟踪控制

阐述了一种线驱动与常规串联驱动相结合的混合设计方法．这种设计方法融合了线驱动并联机构和模块化串联机构的优点,而且混合驱动机器人的工作空间大于完全线驱动机器人的工作空间．文章首先介绍了混合驱动机器人的机构设计,也就是机器人的肩关节采用模块化串联结构,而肘、腕关节采用线驱动结构．然后利用几何分析的方法来解机器人前向运动学问题．在分析驱动线长与关节角之间变换关系的基础上,分别利用速度法和关节角增量法来计算机器人逆向运动学解．最后,使用VC++实现混合驱动机器人对直线运动轨迹进行跟踪的仿真,从而证明了文章所描述的设计方法的正确性．     

含被动高副的冗余驱动并联机器人优化设计

针对具有平移和旋转混合自由度的冗余驱动并联机器人,提出一种优化设计方法.首先,介绍了仿人类口颌设计的并联机器人,由6-PUS(prismatic-universal-spherical)并联机构模拟6条主要咀嚼肌,2个被动高副模拟下颌关节.针对机构含被动高副的特点,利用末端执行器上的3点描述位姿,建立其量纲一致的雅可比矩阵.基于机器人结构和尺寸对速度误差传递性能的影响的分析,给出了该冗余驱动并联机器人的优化方法.设置性能参数对该冗余驱动并联机器人进行了尺寸优化设计,与优化前机器人机构相比全局误差标准差下降了39.83％.结果表明所提出的优化设计方法提高了并联机构的速度传递性能,并可以扩展用于其他机器人的优化设计.     

一种三自由度并联机器人机构的运动学分析

1引言 并联机器人具有输出精度高、结构刚性好、承载能力强、部件简单及运动学反解简单等许多串联机器人所没有的优点,近年来引起了机器人研究者的高度重视.其中,六自由度并联机器人方面的研究已比较深入和成熟.三自由度并联机器人是一种很有实用前景的机器人,也越来越多地引起人们的注意.三自由度并联机器人包括平面三自由度并联机器人,球面三自由度并联机器人和空间三自由度并联机器人.球面三自由度并联机器人能够实现运动平台三维转动,是一种角台形式,由静角台、动角台和三组具有一定弧度的连杆架和连杆构成,各联接处均采用转动副.这种机构结构复杂、设计困难。     

3-RRR并联机器人的精度分析与仿真

目前有关并联机器人精度方面的研究工作还比较薄弱,为采取有效措施提高并联机构的精度,通过对3-RRR并联机器人机构的分析,针对传统D-H参数法的局限性,采用微分理论,建立了该并联机器人机构的精度模型,通过计算机仿真,针对单条支链多个结构参数误差,比较全面的分析了结构参数对输出位姿误差以及位姿变化对机器人机构精度的影响。分析结果为：机构中所有结构误差随着X轴正向增大而单调增大;运动支链在关节转角处的误差单调上升的比其他结构快。为该机器人机构实际误差补偿与控制提供了理论依据。     

用于神经外科手术的磁共振图像导航机器人的兼容性研究

分析了磁共振图像导航微创外科手术环境对机器人的要求,提出了磁共振图像导航机器人必须满足的结构和磁共振兼容性方面的特殊要求.探讨了MRI导航机器人的构型设计及结构优化设计问题,实现了机器人结构兼容性设计.将机器人部件进行分类,并设计了相应的磁共振兼容测试方法.通过在各部件兼容性测试中对水模信噪比的测试,实现了机器人磁共振兼容性.     

Design and Control of 6-DOF Mechanism for Twin-Frame Mobile Robot

A new lightweight six-legged robot that uses a simple mechanism and can move and work with high efficiency has been developed. This robot consists of two leg-bases with three legs each, and walks by moving each leg-base alternately. These leg-bases are connected to each other with a 6 degrees of freedom (DOF) mechanism. While designing this robot, the output force, velocity, and workspace of various connection mechanisms were compared, and the results showed that good performance could be achieved with a serial/parallel hybrid mechanism. The serial/parallel hybrid mechanism consists of three 6-DOF serially linked arms positioned with radial symmetry about the center of each leg-base; each leg-base is composed of two active and four passive joints. Walking experiments with this robot confirmed that this mechanism has satisfactory performance not only as a walking robot, but also as an active walking platform. Furthermore, in this robot, the entire leg-drive mechanism acts as a 6-axis force sensor, and individual sensors at the feet are not necessary. The forces and moments can be calculated from the changes in the joint angles. Experiments conducted verified that smooth contact with the ground by the swing-leg and successful switching from swing to support leg can be achieved using this force control and force measurement method.     

A novel XY-Theta precision table and a geometric procedure for its kinematic calibration

Spatial precision positioning devices are often based on parallel robots, but when it comes to planar positioning, the well-known serial architecture is virtually the only solution available to industry. Problems with parallel robots are that most are coupled, more difficult to control than serial robots, and have a small workspace. In this paper, new parallel robot is proposed, which can deliver accurate movements, is partially decoupled and has a relatively large workspace. The novelty of this parallel robot lies in its ability to achieve the decoupled state by employing legs of a different kinematic structure. The robot repeatability is evaluated using a CMM and so are the actual lead errors of its actuators. A simple geometric method is proposed for directly identifying the actual base and mobile reference frames, two actuator's offsets and one distance parameter, using a measurement arm from FARO Technologies. While this method is certainly not the most efficient one, it yields a satisfactory improvement of the robot accuracy without the need for any background in robot calibration. An experimental validation shows that the position accuracy achieved after calibration is better than 0.339 mm within a workspace of approximately 150 mm×200 mm.     

农业机器人并联采摘臂视觉伺服控制

介绍了一种基于视觉伺服的农业机器人并联采摘系统,该系统由视觉系统、上位机、下位机、并联机构等4部分组成.视觉系统采集目标图像并传递给上位机,上位机对图像进行处理,识别和定位目标,计算并联机构的运动控制量,通过串口通信发送给下位机,下位机接收到控制量后,根据运动控制量驱动继电器模块作相应的开关动作,完成并联采摘臂的控制.实验证明:该系统对于实现农业机器人采摘作业具有可行性.     

八足步行机器人参数的仿真计算

通过对八足步行机器人的研究,希望建立一个对复杂地形高度适应、有一定承载能力的步行机器人平台。该机器人在行走过程中,摆动腿为串联结构,而支撑腿则与地面、躯体形成具有冗余输入的多环并联机构,由于分析困难,因此借助先进的动力学仿真软件ADANS对其进行仿真计算。该文在八足步行机器人初始结构参数基础上,建立了三维机器人仿真模型,以灵活度为评价指标对机器人结构进行优化,并对优化后的模型作了运动学仿真分析,最后关于角度值的测量对原理样机的控制起到指导作用。研究表明ADAMS／VIEW模块可以方便、直观、准确地计算步行机器人运动情况。     

Design of 22-DOF pneumatically actuated upper body for child android ‘Affetto’

Child robots have been used in a lot of studies on human–robot social/physical interaction because they are suitable for safe and casual experiments. However, providing many compliant joints and lifelike exteriors to enhance their interaction potential is difficult because of the limited space available inside their bodies. In this paper, we propose an upper body structure that consists of slider crank and parallel mechanisms for linear actuators and serial mechanisms for rotary actuators. Such combinations of several joint mechanisms efficiently utilize the body space; in total, 22 degrees of freedoms were realized in an upper body space equivalent to that of an 80cm tall child. A pneumatic drive system was adopted in order to fully verify the behavioral performance of the body mechanism. The proposed redundant and compact upper body mechanism can be a platform for testing the effectiveness of future exteriors for the little child android ‘Affetto’, which was developed in order to integrate several key characteristics for achieving advanced human–robot interaction.     

Development of a single-wheeled inverted pendulum robot capable of climbing stairs

ABSTRACT

In this paper, we propose the design of a single-wheeled robot capable of climbing stairs. The robot is equipped with the proposed climbing mechanism, which enables it to climb stairs. The mechanism has an extremely simple structure, comprised of a parallel arm, belt, harmonic drive, and pulley. The proposed climbing mechanism has the advantage of not requiring an additional actuator because it can be driven by using a single actuator that drives the wheel. The robot is equipped with a control moment gyroscope to control the stability in a lateral direction. Experimental results demonstrate that the robot can climb stairs with a riser height of 12–13?cm and a tread depth of 39?cm at an approximate rate of 2 to 3 s for each step.     

并联机器人分离干扰器的离散变结构控制研究

本文针对一种以步进电机驱动的少自由度并联机器人,采用带分离干扰补偿器的离散变结构控制器。仿真结果表明该算法解决了传统变结构控制在数字实现时的抖振问题,且系统抗干扰能力强,对系统参数变化不敏感,具有良好的跟踪性能,实现了对该并联机器人机构的高精度实时控制。     

Kinematic analysis and error modeling of TAU parallel robot

The TAU robot presents a new configuration of parallel robots with three degrees of freedom. This robotic configuration is well adapted to perform with a high precision and high stiffness within a large working range compared with a serial robot. It has the advantages of both parallel robots and serial robots. In this paper, the kinematic modeling and error modeling are established with all errors considered using Jacobian matrix method for the robot. Meanwhile, a very effective Jacobian approximation method is introduced to calculate the forward kinematic problem instead of Newton–Raphson method. It denotes that a closed form solution can be obtained instead of a numerical solution. A full size Jacobian matrix is used in carrying out error analysis, error budget, and model parameter estimation and identification. Simulation results indicate that both Jacobian matrix and Jacobian approximation method are correct and with a level of accuracy of micron meters. ADAMS's simulation results are used in verifying the established models.     

新型欠秩并联机器人机构3RRC仿真

分析了并联机器人机构3RRC的输入输出特性,给出了位置分析和连杆运动干涉分析。以directX为仿真引擎,vc6为软件平台,采用面向对象方法封装了机构正反解算法,编写了仿真软件,实现了该机器人机构运动学动态仿真,为类似机构结构设计和特性研究提供了有益参考。