缓冲/回填材料-压实高庙子钠基膨润土的胀缩性试验研究

选用内蒙古高庙子钠基膨润土压实试样进行了室内膨胀力、膨胀变形以及收缩变形的实验.结果表明:高庙子膨润土具有高膨胀、低收缩的良好特性.试样的膨胀力随时间呈渐近线趋势增长,随含水量呈线性增长,随干密度呈指数增长;膨胀变形受初始干密度影响较大,收缩变形受初始含水量的影响较大;在高水分和干密度态下,试样膨胀力为0.85 ～ 4.64 MPa,无荷膨胀率为24.4％ ～40.8％,收缩系数为0.19 ～0.50.     

Ca^(2+)盐溶液在高庙子膨润土中的扩散研究北大核心CSCD

高放废物地质处置库近场地下水可能会对处置库内的屏障体系产生影响,降低处置库的安全稳定。为研究地下水中盐离子在处置库内缓冲回填体系的扩散规律,本文开展了静态无外荷载条件下内蒙古高庙子(GMZ)膨润土在Ca^(2+)盐溶液中自发渗吸的吸附扩散室内试验。从土的微观结构和经典扩散理论对Ca^(2+)在不同干密度和初始饱和度的膨润土试样中的自发扩散规律进行了分析。研究结果表明,在膨润土初始饱和度相同的情况下,试样阻滞系数随其干密度增加而增大,此时Ca^(2+)的扩散能力减弱;当膨润土干密度相同时,随着初始饱和度的增加基质吸力作用减弱,阻滞系数减小,Ca^(2+)的扩散能力减弱。     

膨润土-砂混合物缓冲层轴向热传导性研究

膨润土-砂混合物作为高放废物处置库缓冲材料,在高放废物衰变释热作用下,其物理力学性能对处置库的稳定和安全性具有重要影响。本研究采用自行设计的装置,对按比例缩小后的不同干密度、含水率、掺砂率试样进行热传导模拟试验,并对缓冲层热-力耦合过程进行数值模拟分析,得到了缓冲层温度、应力和应变的变化及分布情况,重点分析了温度的影响。结果表明,增大试样干密度、含水率和掺砂率均可提高其导热性,应变也随之增大,应力受温度影响较早达到平衡;缓冲层靠近热源的位置温度、应力和应变最大,沿轴向方向递减,初始时刻变化明显。     

缓冲/回填材料——内蒙古高庙子膨润土性能研究

研究按缓冲回填材料的性能要求,对内蒙古高庙子膨润土的物质组成与结构、物理化学性质、水理性质等进行了系统研究;对添加剂改善膨润土的压实性能进行了探索性实验研究。结果表明,高庙子钠基膨润土以蒙脱石为主要矿物成分,具有良好的吸附性、膨胀性、阳离子交换性和热稳定性;石英砂添加剂可以有效地改善膨润土的压实性能;进一步论证了内蒙古高庙子膨润土矿床可以作为我国高放废物地质处置库缓冲/回填材料的供给基地。     

高庙子钠基膨润土静力学性能初析

膨润土是核废物处置多重屏障系统之缓冲材料的主要组成材料,对其工程物理性能和化学缓冲性能研究是缓冲材料屏障层工程设计的基础。膨润土具有适宜的力学性能,是保证多重屏障系统稳定的一个基本因素。内蒙古高庙子膨润土矿床是我国高放处置库缓冲材料的供应基地。对高庙子钠基膨润土样品GMZ-1室温条件下无侧限抗压强度随干密度（1．4,1．6,1．8g／cm^3）和含水率（9％,14％,17％）的变化进行了系统测试。测试表明：无侧限抗压强度随干密度增加而增大;特定压实密度的膨润土无侧限抗压强度随含水率增加而减小。     

高庙子膨润土悬浮液流变特性试验研究

缓冲/回填材料在地下水的作用下会形成凝胶体/胶体,有可能发生侵蚀。研究膨润土悬浮液的流变特性是评价土-岩界面缓冲/回填材料长期稳定性的必要条件。使用旋转流变仪对高庙子膨润土开展不同液固比、水化学条件,以及不同离子浓度和类型的一系列流变试验,为后期膨润土颗粒侵蚀数值模拟工作提供技术支持。研究结果表明：高庙子膨润土悬浮液随着液固比增大逐渐从假塑性流体向牛顿流体转变,Herschel-Bulkley模型可以很好拟合高庙子膨润土-北山地下水悬浮液的流变曲线;随着膨润土悬浮液中添加盐的浓度增大,悬浮液表观黏度先减小后小幅增大;相同浓度条件下二价阳离子比一价阳离子使得悬浮液的表观黏度有更明显的降低。     

更正

本刊2012年第5期289-295页崔素丽等人的"静力压实膨润土-砂混合物膨胀特性研究"一文中作者单位有误,第一作者崔素丽的单位应为:西北大学地质学系大陆动力学国家重点实验室,西安710069,State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics,Geological Department of Northwest     

压实膨润土砌块单轴压缩力学性能研究

膨润土是高放废物地质处置库中不可缺少的工程屏障材料,是确保处置库长期稳定的保障。为了研究膨润土压实砌块力学性能变化规律,对压实砌块不同部位采用不同加载速率进行单轴压缩试验。研究结果表明:压实膨润土无侧限抗压强度随压实干密度的增大而呈指数增大,干密度为1.75 g·cm~(-3)时,无侧限抗压强度可达8.01 MPa;试样上部应变变化量明显小于下部;体积应变随应力增大而先增大后减小,中、下部变化更为明显;压实膨润土砌块弹性参数变化保持同步;试样下部弹性模量最小,泊松比最大。     

U(Ⅵ)在缓冲回填材料高庙子膨润土胶体上的吸附

甘肃北山地区是目前我国高放废物地质处置库的重点预选场址,内蒙古高庙子膨润土为首选缓冲回填材料。在处置库安全评价中需要考虑可能存在的地下水侵蚀形成膨润土胶体负载核素迁移的情况。以产自内蒙古自治区兴和县高庙子矿区Ⅲ号矿层的膨润土为原料提取膨润土胶体,研究其稳定性,通过批式吸附实验研究了溶液pH、背景电解质浓度等对U(Ⅵ)在高庙子膨润土胶体上吸附的影响。结果表明:酸性条件下,高庙子膨润土胶体对U(Ⅵ)的吸附随pH上升而增强,吸附分配系数在pH≈7时达到峰值;碱性条件下,胶体对U(Ⅵ)的吸附则随pH上升而减弱;在本研究所选取范围内,背景电解质NaClO₄浓度对U(Ⅵ)在高庙子膨润土胶体上的吸附影响不大。     

缓冲/回填材料砌块抗剪强度试验研究

抗剪强度是缓冲/回填材料机械缓冲性能的评价指标之一。使用单轴压实法制备缓冲/回填材料大型砌块并利用钻孔取芯获得其不同位置处代表性试样,通过直剪试验测定砌块的抗剪强度。实验结果表明：取芯方法对大型砌块剪切试验结果有较大影响;总体上看试样的抗剪强度越大,其发生剪切破坏时的剪位移越小。干密度1.79 g·cm^-3,含水率13.70%的1/8型扇形砌块的粘聚力为1.395 MPa,内摩擦角为26.18°。首次获得了米级尺度大型缓冲材料砌块及大型回填材料砌块的抗剪强度参数,为缓冲/回填材料的设计以及数值模拟工作提供了重要的输入条件。     

Preparation of Zn/TiO2 powder and its photocatalytic performance for oxidation of P-nitrophenol

Zn-doped TiO2 catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method and characterized by XPS,UV-Vis, BET, XRD in this study. Under the irradiation of simulant sunlight, the photocatalytic activity for the degradation of p-nitrophenol was studied too. After irradiation for 2.5 h, the degradation percentage of p-nitrophenol could rise to more than 80 %. The results showed that the spectrum absorption band edge of Zn/TiO2 powder does not broaden obviously comparing with pure TiO2 powder. Zinc exists as Zn （11）. When calcined at 973 K, there is a new phase as ZnTiO3 in Zn/TiO2 catalyst. The order of photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalysts calcined at different temperatures for p-nitrophenol is 773 K 〉 673 K 〉 873 K 〉 573 K 〉 973 K and the photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalyst calcined at 773 K is better than TiO2 catalysts heated at the same temperature, and outclasses that of commercial TiO2 catalyst. It also showed that the photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol follows first-order kinetics under the irradiation of simulant sunlight.     

Current status of radiation therapy for prostate cancer

Radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer has been extensively explored in the past. Along with the comprehensive understanding of the biology of prostate cancer and rapid advances in terms of technology, the out- come of treatment for the patients with prostate cancer has improved. The authors review radiotherapy as the primary treatment for the disease, with particular emphasis on the technological advances from both the radiobiological and radiophysics aspects. Nonconventional fractionated irradiation like hyper- or hypo-fractionation has been imple- mented in the clinic, the final results still need to be confirmed in the future. Technological advances like IMRT, IGRT, in the last two decades have significantly improved the delivery of external radiotherapy to the prostate. This has re- sulted in an overall increase in the total dose that can be safely delivered to the prostate, which has led to modest im- provements in the biochemical outcome. However, establishing the standard therapy for prostate cancer remains con- troversial. It is hoped that the next decades will bring continued advances in the development of biologicals that will further improve current clinical outcomes.     

The control system for SSRF injection and extraction

This paper introduces the injection and extraction control system design for SSRF,which is a distributed control system aimed at stability and reliability of the pulse power supplies,PPS(Personnel Protection System)and MPS(Machine Protection System).The hardware environment is mainly based on PLC(Programmable Logic Con- troller),and ARM(Advanced RISC Machine)is also applied for studying stability of the power supplies.WinCC and EPICS(Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System)have been selected as the platforms of SCADA(Super- visory Control and Data Acquisition).For unifying the interfacing to the control computer,all front-end equipments are connected via Industrial Ethemet.     

水平管内含空气蒸汽强制对流冷凝换热模型研究

为研究含空气蒸汽在水平管内强制对流冷凝换热特性,基于对传热传质过程的分析,建立了管内为环状流与波状流条件下的流动冷凝换热模型。从潜热、显热和液膜3个环节对整个换热过程进行建模,最终得到计算局部冷凝换热系数的理论关系式。模型预测结果与实验数据的对比表明,二者相对偏差在±20%以内,验证了该换热模型的准确性与适用性。通过进一步的研究发现：从换热管入口至出口,随着冷凝的进行,管内换热主要热阻由液膜热阻向气液界面的凝结热阻转变;主流气体对流换热过程基本可忽略。     

Investigations on landmine detection by BF3 detector

Experiments were carried out to investigate the possible use of neutron backscattering for the detection of polyethylene (PE) sample buried in the soil. In detection of landmine by neutrons, the neutron detector and its shield play an important role. In this paper, the effects of graphite, heavy water, polyethylene and boric acid moderators on the flux of back scattered neutrons were investigated. We have also experimentally verified the effect of BF3 detector shield and obtained good agreement with theory.     

Web Services interface of SSRF archive data analysis system

Accelerator database stores various static parameters and real-time data of accelerator. SSRF (Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility) adopts relational database to save the data. We developed a data retrieval system based on XML Web Services for accessing the archive data. It includes a bottom layer interface and an interface applicable for accelerator physics. Client samples exemplifying how to consume the interface are given. The users can browse, retrieve and plot data by the client samples. Also, we give a method to test its stability. The test result and performance are described.     

Assessment of radioactivity levels in some oil samples from the western desert, Egypt

Distributions of natural gamma-emitting radionuclides were determined in 93 oil samples collected from some petroleum fields in the western desert of Egypt. The radioisotope activities in the area under investigation lay in the range of (21 ± 4) to (38 ± 13) Bq?L-1 for 226Ra, (9 ± 2) to (15 ± 5) Bq?L-1 for 232Th, and (154 ± 28) to (303 ± 54) Bq?L-1 for 40K. The mean values were 27, 12, and 201 Bq?L-1, respectively. Among oils, variations in radionuclide ac- tivities could be on account of differences in TDS, HCO3, and Ba, with high or low pH. In this environment, oil prop- erties differently affected the mobilization of natural radionuclides. The range of 226Ra variation had been compared with available data from other countries. The calculated absorbed dose rate ranged from 22.33 to 32.66 nGy?h-1 in lo- cation (B) and (E) respectively, which was less than the accepted value.     

Preparation and properties of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP in in-vitro and in small animals

In this work,TTHMP was synthesized and labelled with 117m Sn.The preparation conditions,stability and lipophilicity of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP were investigated.Biodistribution of the complex in rabbits and mice was studied.It was found that the quantity of TTHMP and pH value of the prepararion solution had vital effects on the labeling yield of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP.It was also found that 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP was hydrophilic and stable at room temperature and 37℃ in open air 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP showed unexpectedly high bone uptake and bone-to-blood ratio in the animals.This made it potentially useful as an reagent for skeletal scintigraphy and radiotherapy of bone tumors.     

The role of AGFA high-energy CR in the calibration and quality control of multileaf collimators （MLC）

Linear accelerators equipped with multileaf collimators （MLC） are becoming more common and are widely used in the intensity-modulated radiotherapy （IMRT）. There is an imperative need to ensure the commissioning specification of the linear accelerators for the sake of quality assurance （QA） and quality control （QC）. This paper is aimed to investigate the role of AGFA high-energy CR （Computed Radiography） in calibrating dynamic multileaf collimators and evaluating the accuracy of the leaf position. The result shows that AGFA high-energy CR can easily and conveniently be used to calibrate MLC and verify its position. Hence, the application of AGFA high-energy CR is proved to be an accurate and time-saving method for routine MLC QC, especially when MLC calibration adjustments are required.     

Gamma radiation levels in the ambient environment of the QNPP Base

Monitoring results of gamma dose rate level in 1992～2004 in the ambient environment of the Qinshan Nuclear Power Plants(QNPP)Base,the northeast of Zhejiang Province,are reported in this paper.It is shown that the gamma dose rate of five monitoring sites of 2.5 km to QNPP Base is 84～113 nGy/h,with an average of 96 nGy/h in the 13 years.The average value is close to the background level of 93 nGy/h prior to operation of the QNPP Base,and is lower than the monitoring result of 101 nGy/h at the reference site in Hangzhou City.Within 50 km from the QNPP Base,the cumulative dose rate of the thermoluminescent dosimeter(TLD)is 90 nGy/h,which is lower than the back- ground level of 111 nGy/h.