用三甲基氯硅烷/碘化钠制备气态放射性甲基碘的实验研究

本文试验研究了在碘吸附器净化系数测定中采用非剧毒试剂替代目前广泛使用的剧毒品硫酸二甲酯制备气态放射性甲基碘的可行性。试验结果表明：本文所选择的三甲基氯硅烷/碘化钠（或碘化钾）作为碘化剂与磷酰基乙酸三甲酯反应制备气态甲基碘是较好的一种替代方法,其反应条件和甲基碘产率均达到碘吸附器整机检验和核电站现场试验的要求;替代试剂对碘吸附器中的核级浸渍活性炭几乎无影响。初步判断该替代方法可代替传统的硫酸二甲酯法制备气态放射性甲基碘。     

环己烷法用于碘吸附器泄漏率检测技术研究

环己烷法是人员可居留空间碘吸附器有效性评价试验方法之一。通过泄漏率模拟试验、环己烷法与氟利昂法对比试验、重复性试验、现场应用对比试验等研究结果表明:环己烷试验方法能够有效测量通风系统中碘吸附器微小泄漏,是一种灵敏度高且重复性好的检测方法;采用环己烷法泄漏率测量结果与氟利昂法和放射性甲基碘法结果一致,各项性能指标均满足碘吸附器泄漏率检测要求,可替代氟利昂法和放射性甲基碘法用于碘吸附器泄漏率检测试验。     

核电厂通风系统碘吸附器效率试验安全性分析

概述了核电站通风系统碘吸附器效率试验的两种方法:氟利昂法和放射性甲基碘法,并分析了每种方法实现方式及应用过程中的优缺点。对碘吸附器现场效率试验安全性进行了详细分析,并对不安全因素提出了相应的预防和处理措施,具体包括试验过程相关的安全性、系统运行条件相关的安全性以及防止除碘回路失效三个方面。     

用放射性甲基碘做示踪剂测量核通风系统除碘效率不同试验方法的比较研究

研究了硫酸二甲酯法、三甲基氯硅烷-磷酰基乙酸三甲酯法和同位素交换法在碘吸附器性能试验及核通风系统除碘效率试验中应用的优缺点。对三种方法的试验产率、试剂及残液毒性、试验可靠性及设备稳定性等方面进行了综合研究。研究结果表明:硫酸二甲酯法由于试剂毒性而在应用上受到一定限制;三甲基氯硅烷-磷酰基乙酸三甲酯法作为低毒性试验方法总体满足现场试验要求,但由于该方法所用试剂对试验设备会造成一定侵蚀,因此需要作一些改进;同位素交换法作为一种新颖的试验方法具有毒性低、产率高、操控简单稳定、风险较低等优点,推荐使用。     

碘同位素交换反应在碘吸附器性能评价应用中的可行性研究

依据卤代烃亲核取代反应的特性,设计了碘同位素交换反应制备放射性甲基碘的实验方案。结合核电站现场安全管理要求,对实验试剂进行物性分析和毒理分析。通过实验进行了示踪剂验证、碘同位素交换验证、实验效率分析、实验安全性分析、试剂管理及放射性残液处理等方面的研究,初步验证了用碘同位素交换反应制备放射性甲基碘在碘吸附器性能评价应用中的可行性。     

核行业标准EJ/T 1183-2005编制中一些问题的思考

用放射性甲基碘法对安装在核空气净化系统中的碘吸附器进行试验是一种在我国得到广泛应用的方法。本文简要介绍了核行业标准EJ／T 1183—2005《核空气净化系统碘吸附器净化系数的测定——放射性甲基碘法》编制中一些问题的思考,重点对该标准与原参照标准的不同之处做了解释说明,以方便相关人员理解和使用该标准。     

菱形结构深床式碘吸附器性能研究

本文通过对菱形结构深床式吸附器内部流场模拟分析、抗震模拟分析以及吸附器性能测试,全面考察了菱形结构深床吸附器结构设计合理性、安全性和性能可靠性。研究结果表明：菱形结构深床吸附器内部气流分布均匀,结构设计合理;吸附器结构强度满足规范要求;吸附床能够从流经吸附床的气流中均匀地吸附气态污染物,无明显气流穿透现象;吸附器整机机械泄漏率小于万分之一、对放射性甲基碘的净化效率不低于99.997%,总体满足核设施碘吸附器放射性碘的净化处理需求。     

碘吸附器的现场试验——放射性甲基碘法

放射性甲基碘法是碘吸附器现场试验的重要方法之一.本文不仅介绍其试验原理及试验过程,同时也对我们设计研制的放射性甲基碘法主要设备进行介绍.几年来的实践证明,该放射性甲基碘法及其设备可靠、有效,可进一步推广.     

可携式甲基碘气体发生装置的研制

放射性甲基碘法是碘吸附器试验的重要方法之一,甲基碘气体发生装置是该方法的核心设备。本文介绍了我们研制的一台可携式甲基碘气体发生装置的结构、技术指标以及性能试验结果。发生装置由甲基碘发生器、气动控制系统、负压箱及附件三部分构成。热试验结果表明,样机各操作参数均可维持在正常范围内,发生过程平稳。甲基碘的发生量及纯度均满足碘吸附器试验要求。装置设置了安全保护系统和排气净化系统,可有效防止放射性气体外逸。装置为可携式,体积小、重量较轻,现场使用方便。     

碘吸附器净化效率随气流相对湿度变化的研究

阐述了相对湿度的变化对碘吸附器净化效率的影响,介绍了大亚湾核电站DVC(主控室空调)系统碘吸附器的研究试验结果,并和国内外碘吸附器研究机构所做的试验结果作了比较,其结果均表明,在一定条件下,碘吸附器的净化效率随相对湿度的变化是可逆的.还讨论了碘吸附器的净化效率随相对湿度的变化关系,为预测同一碘吸附器在不同相对湿度下的净化效率提供参考.     

Preparation of Zn/TiO2 powder and its photocatalytic performance for oxidation of P-nitrophenol

Zn-doped TiO2 catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method and characterized by XPS,UV-Vis, BET, XRD in this study. Under the irradiation of simulant sunlight, the photocatalytic activity for the degradation of p-nitrophenol was studied too. After irradiation for 2.5 h, the degradation percentage of p-nitrophenol could rise to more than 80 %. The results showed that the spectrum absorption band edge of Zn/TiO2 powder does not broaden obviously comparing with pure TiO2 powder. Zinc exists as Zn （11）. When calcined at 973 K, there is a new phase as ZnTiO3 in Zn/TiO2 catalyst. The order of photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalysts calcined at different temperatures for p-nitrophenol is 773 K 〉 673 K 〉 873 K 〉 573 K 〉 973 K and the photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalyst calcined at 773 K is better than TiO2 catalysts heated at the same temperature, and outclasses that of commercial TiO2 catalyst. It also showed that the photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol follows first-order kinetics under the irradiation of simulant sunlight.     

Current status of radiation therapy for prostate cancer

Radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer has been extensively explored in the past. Along with the comprehensive understanding of the biology of prostate cancer and rapid advances in terms of technology, the out- come of treatment for the patients with prostate cancer has improved. The authors review radiotherapy as the primary treatment for the disease, with particular emphasis on the technological advances from both the radiobiological and radiophysics aspects. Nonconventional fractionated irradiation like hyper- or hypo-fractionation has been imple- mented in the clinic, the final results still need to be confirmed in the future. Technological advances like IMRT, IGRT, in the last two decades have significantly improved the delivery of external radiotherapy to the prostate. This has re- sulted in an overall increase in the total dose that can be safely delivered to the prostate, which has led to modest im- provements in the biochemical outcome. However, establishing the standard therapy for prostate cancer remains con- troversial. It is hoped that the next decades will bring continued advances in the development of biologicals that will further improve current clinical outcomes.     

The control system for SSRF injection and extraction

This paper introduces the injection and extraction control system design for SSRF,which is a distributed control system aimed at stability and reliability of the pulse power supplies,PPS(Personnel Protection System)and MPS(Machine Protection System).The hardware environment is mainly based on PLC(Programmable Logic Con- troller),and ARM(Advanced RISC Machine)is also applied for studying stability of the power supplies.WinCC and EPICS(Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System)have been selected as the platforms of SCADA(Super- visory Control and Data Acquisition).For unifying the interfacing to the control computer,all front-end equipments are connected via Industrial Ethemet.     

水平管内含空气蒸汽强制对流冷凝换热模型研究

为研究含空气蒸汽在水平管内强制对流冷凝换热特性,基于对传热传质过程的分析,建立了管内为环状流与波状流条件下的流动冷凝换热模型。从潜热、显热和液膜3个环节对整个换热过程进行建模,最终得到计算局部冷凝换热系数的理论关系式。模型预测结果与实验数据的对比表明,二者相对偏差在±20%以内,验证了该换热模型的准确性与适用性。通过进一步的研究发现：从换热管入口至出口,随着冷凝的进行,管内换热主要热阻由液膜热阻向气液界面的凝结热阻转变;主流气体对流换热过程基本可忽略。     

Investigations on landmine detection by BF3 detector

Experiments were carried out to investigate the possible use of neutron backscattering for the detection of polyethylene (PE) sample buried in the soil. In detection of landmine by neutrons, the neutron detector and its shield play an important role. In this paper, the effects of graphite, heavy water, polyethylene and boric acid moderators on the flux of back scattered neutrons were investigated. We have also experimentally verified the effect of BF3 detector shield and obtained good agreement with theory.     

Web Services interface of SSRF archive data analysis system

Accelerator database stores various static parameters and real-time data of accelerator. SSRF (Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility) adopts relational database to save the data. We developed a data retrieval system based on XML Web Services for accessing the archive data. It includes a bottom layer interface and an interface applicable for accelerator physics. Client samples exemplifying how to consume the interface are given. The users can browse, retrieve and plot data by the client samples. Also, we give a method to test its stability. The test result and performance are described.     

Assessment of radioactivity levels in some oil samples from the western desert, Egypt

Distributions of natural gamma-emitting radionuclides were determined in 93 oil samples collected from some petroleum fields in the western desert of Egypt. The radioisotope activities in the area under investigation lay in the range of (21 ± 4) to (38 ± 13) Bq?L-1 for 226Ra, (9 ± 2) to (15 ± 5) Bq?L-1 for 232Th, and (154 ± 28) to (303 ± 54) Bq?L-1 for 40K. The mean values were 27, 12, and 201 Bq?L-1, respectively. Among oils, variations in radionuclide ac- tivities could be on account of differences in TDS, HCO3, and Ba, with high or low pH. In this environment, oil prop- erties differently affected the mobilization of natural radionuclides. The range of 226Ra variation had been compared with available data from other countries. The calculated absorbed dose rate ranged from 22.33 to 32.66 nGy?h-1 in lo- cation (B) and (E) respectively, which was less than the accepted value.     

Preparation and properties of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP in in-vitro and in small animals

In this work,TTHMP was synthesized and labelled with 117m Sn.The preparation conditions,stability and lipophilicity of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP were investigated.Biodistribution of the complex in rabbits and mice was studied.It was found that the quantity of TTHMP and pH value of the prepararion solution had vital effects on the labeling yield of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP.It was also found that 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP was hydrophilic and stable at room temperature and 37℃ in open air 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP showed unexpectedly high bone uptake and bone-to-blood ratio in the animals.This made it potentially useful as an reagent for skeletal scintigraphy and radiotherapy of bone tumors.     

The role of AGFA high-energy CR in the calibration and quality control of multileaf collimators （MLC）

Linear accelerators equipped with multileaf collimators （MLC） are becoming more common and are widely used in the intensity-modulated radiotherapy （IMRT）. There is an imperative need to ensure the commissioning specification of the linear accelerators for the sake of quality assurance （QA） and quality control （QC）. This paper is aimed to investigate the role of AGFA high-energy CR （Computed Radiography） in calibrating dynamic multileaf collimators and evaluating the accuracy of the leaf position. The result shows that AGFA high-energy CR can easily and conveniently be used to calibrate MLC and verify its position. Hence, the application of AGFA high-energy CR is proved to be an accurate and time-saving method for routine MLC QC, especially when MLC calibration adjustments are required.     

Gamma radiation levels in the ambient environment of the QNPP Base

Monitoring results of gamma dose rate level in 1992～2004 in the ambient environment of the Qinshan Nuclear Power Plants(QNPP)Base,the northeast of Zhejiang Province,are reported in this paper.It is shown that the gamma dose rate of five monitoring sites of 2.5 km to QNPP Base is 84～113 nGy/h,with an average of 96 nGy/h in the 13 years.The average value is close to the background level of 93 nGy/h prior to operation of the QNPP Base,and is lower than the monitoring result of 101 nGy/h at the reference site in Hangzhou City.Within 50 km from the QNPP Base,the cumulative dose rate of the thermoluminescent dosimeter(TLD)is 90 nGy/h,which is lower than the back- ground level of 111 nGy/h.