冬瓜山铜矿深井开采岩爆危险区分析与预测

根据冬瓜山矿床典型岩石的抗拉试验、全应力应变试验和峰值强度变形状态下的松驰试验结果以及矿床构造、岩性分布，研究了该矿床岩层的岩爆倾向性分布特征，分析了已发生的井巷岩爆特征；采用数值模拟方法，以硐室周边最大切向应力与岩石的抗压强度之比为判别指标，对采场围岩岩爆危险区进行了预测，研究结果表明：矿体和矿体上盘岩石具有中等岩爆倾向，矿体下盘岩石具有弱岩爆倾向，它们都属于诱导性的岩爆，岩爆发生于具有岩爆倾向、应力大且能够产生能量突然释放的区域，主要集中于工程的交叉处附近、不同岩层的接触带附近的较坚硬岩体以及采场顶板、矿柱和采场四角的局部区域。     

深部软岩巷道立体交叉硐室群稳定性分析

为了确定巷道开挖顺序对硐室群稳定性的影响,运用三维有限差分数值计算软件FLAC^3D,结合鹤岗矿务局兴安矿四水平泵房吸水井硐室群工程实例,分析了深部软岩巷道立体交叉硐室群围岩由于开挖顺序的不同而产生不同的位移变形与应力状态的力学响应及变形特性．结果表明：深部软岩巷道立体交叉硐室群的开挖过程是和应力路径与应力历史密切相关的非线性不可逆过程,开挖顺序不同,巷道围岩的位移及应力分布情况有明显的差别．先施工断面小的支巷,再施工断面大的主巷对硐室群稳定性影响最小．     

远距离下部煤层回采对上部采场巷道影响分析

为了研究远距离多煤层开采时下部煤层回采对上部采场巷道破坏的原因和影响范围,结合云煤一矿和正德矿业的井下采掘关系,通过覆岩破坏高度经验公式和UDEC数值模拟,得到远距离多煤层开采覆岩破坏的特点以及部分巷道受损的原因。利用概率积分和FLAC3 D数值模拟揭示了正德矿业倾斜岩面移动变形特征以及巷道破坏的主要原因;采用岩层移动角计算云煤一矿开采对正德矿业的影响范围,确定了巷道受损数目。研究结果表明:受损巷道少部分是由下部工作面回采引起的覆岩破坏和岩层移动变形共同造成的,而大部分受损巷道则仅由岩层移动变形造成;在采场倾斜岩面上,由于自重力和平行于岩面原岩应力分力的影响,下部工作面回采对其上山影响范围大于下山;采用优化的岩层移动角计算云煤一矿对正德矿业的采动影响范围,确定了巷道受损数量和位置,基本与现场实际情况吻合,可以为相似案例提供参考。     

采动影响下断层滑移失稳的动力学分析及数值模拟

为研究开采扰动下断层滑移失稳诱发冲击矿压的致灾条件,基于"砌体梁"理论分析了开采过程中断层围岩系统的受力状态和力学响应.首先推导了断层面正应力、剪应力的计算公式,进而得到断层滑移失稳与覆岩"关键层"的破断和采场的推进的关系;利用数值模拟计算比较了不同开采影响因素下的断层面位移场、应力场、速度场和能量场的响应规律.结果表明:断层滑移对采动影响具有不同的敏感性,断层带上剪切位移和应力分布受断层摩擦角、采深、断层位置和回采方式等影响较大;而受断层力学性质(诸如法向刚度、切向刚度等)影响较小.受采动覆岩演化高度影响,断层带上不同位置处的应力路径变化较大,临近断层处易出现滑移.最大滑移速度和震源参数与最大剪切位移呈正相关关系.     

岩质高边坡岩体力学参数确定及稳定性研究

以云南某露天矿采场岩质高边坡工程为研究对象,阐述了岩体力学参数在边坡稳定性分析中的重要性,因原位试验对于坚硬岩体或极软岩体的不适用性,对坚硬岩体,以室内试验得出的岩石物理力学参数和岩体质量评价RMR评分值为依据,并综合考虑岩体中节理裂隙、岩体结构、地下水的影响,运用霍克-布朗(Hoek-Brown)强度准则将岩石力学参数进行折减修正后换算成岩体力学参数,并与现场原位试验所得软弱岩体力学参数结果相结合得到最终岩体力学参数.在上述调查、研究基础上,采用有限差分法(FLAC数值分析软件)对现状边坡进行静态的稳定性分析,提出合理的最终边坡角及总台阶高度,保证矿山正常生产和经济效益的提高.     

矿岩接触带巷道失稳分析及控制方法研究

矿岩接触带往往是巷道的薄弱区域,根据矿岩接触带变形破坏特征,并结合其特殊围岩情况,分析了矿岩接触带巷道薄弱区域的围岩稳定性.同时,将巷道围岩中的矿石和岩石的物理力学参数划分开,结合现场变形监测数据和矿岩物理力学参数,采用数值模拟进一步对矿岩接触带巷道支护前后的应力应变分布做了研究,探索失稳机理,研究发现矿岩接触带一般沿接触带层位发生剪切破坏且不与巷道中心线对称.根据上述研究,分别从塑性区拉伸破坏体积、剪切破坏体积和总体积分析对比分析锚杆支护、喷射混凝土支护、锚喷联合支护的应用效果,最后提出了针对矿岩接触带巷道的分区支护方法 .     

深井巷道顶板锚固体破坏特征及稳定性分析

结合深井回采巷道围岩锚固体变形破坏特征,分析了深井回采巷道顶板锚固体失稳机理,建立了巷道顶板不同破坏形态的稳定性模型,得出了深井回采巷道锚杆、锚索支护条件下顶板锚固体稳定性力学方程,并结合古汉山矿深井回采巷道锚杆、锚索耦合支护方案开展验证性研究,对现场试验巷道顶板锚固体的稳定性进行了力学求解及数据分析,提出的深井回采巷道锚杆、锚索耦合支护方案支护参数合理,顶板离层量小于25mm、顶底板及两帮位移收敛量小于180mm,均保持在可控范围内,锚杆、锚索耦合支护有利于巷道围岩的稳定.     

软岩巷道锚注支护结构蠕变分析

对锚注前软岩巷道围岩应力状态进行弹塑性分析,计算出锚注前围岩残余强度区半径;在此残余强度区内进行注浆,并将注浆区再细化为弹性区和塑性区,引入岩石蠕变的鲍尔丁-汤姆逊模型,建立了软岩巷道锚注支护结构的蠕变分析模型,采用塑性区岩体体积不变的假设,对锚注支护结构进行了黏弹性分析和黏塑性分析,推导出软岩巷道锚注支护结构应力及位移的蠕变公式.理论分析与相似模拟结果表明:软岩巷道锚注支护结构弹性区应力与时间无关,塑性区应力随时间而变化;弹性区、塑性区位移随时间的推移而不断增大,最后趋于一定值,且塑性区位移与半径成反比关系.     

三软煤层切顶成巷二次复用围岩应力及变形演化规律

为研究"三软"煤层条件下切顶卸压自成巷道二次复用期间围岩稳定性,以中兴煤矿1200试验工作面为工程背景,对自成巷道在"采—留—用"期间的扰动因素进行分析,通过数值模拟和现场实测,对自成巷道在二次复用期间的围岩应力演化规律和变形特征进行研究.结果表明:"三软"煤层条件下自成巷道在二次回采期间的超前支承应力影响范围约为40 m,应力峰值距工作面约10 m;巷道顶底板均处于较低的应力水平,采场侧向应力最大值远离实体煤帮,而矸石帮侧采空区始终处于较低的应力水平,该技术有效地切断了顶板的部分应力传递路径,提高了自成巷道在二次复用期间的稳定性;围岩变形随着工作面走向可大致分为缓慢变形区,加速变形区和剧烈变形区.     

高大型采场全尾砂充填挡墙可靠性的力学分析

冬瓜山铜矿床埋藏距地表深达1000m,矿区构造应力复杂,属高地应力分布区域,采用大空场嗣后全尾砂胶结充填法开采．按充填料浆3种不同力学性质状态对充填挡墙进行了受力分析和计算,指出了影响充填挡墙可靠性的因素并提出了首采地段8#采场充填挡墙实施方案．     

Stability and reliability of pit slopes in surface mining combined with underground mining in Tonglushan mine

Slope stability is of critical importance in the process of surface-underground mining combination. The influence of underground mining on pit slope stability was mainly discussed, and the self-stabilization of underground stopes was also studied. The random finite element method was used to analyze the probability of the rock mass stability degree of both pit slopes and underground stopes. Meanwhile, 3D elasto-plastic finite element method was used to research into the stress, strain and rock mass failure resulting from mining. The results of numerical simulation indicate that the mining of the underground test stope has certain influence on the stability of the pit slope, but the influence is not great. The safety factor of pit slope is decreased by 0.06, and the failure probability of the pit slope is increased by 1.84%. In addition, the strata yielding zone exists around the underground test stope. The results basically conform to the information coming from the field monitoring.     

基于非线性有限元的高拱坝坝肩稳定性分析-研究生论坛

处于复杂地质条件下的拱坝,坝肩岩体稳定性问题是其发生事故的重要原因之一。某水电站拱坝右坝肩发育有靠近坝体的蚀变集中带及沿该集中带的多条断层,左坝肩在坝肩槽不同高程有多条断层出露,地形地质复杂。为了正确合理地研究其坝肩岩体的稳定特性,根据水电站坝址区地形地质条件,充分考虑拱坝左右坝肩的主要断层及蚀变带等不利地质构造,建立三维有限元模型,模拟拱坝及坝区岩体在正常运行及温降工况下的应力场,采用点安全系数法分析坝肩岩体在加固和未加固的情况下的稳定性,并运用综合强度储备法评价坝肩的极限承载能力。研究结果表明,坝肩岩体点安全系数均处于合理范围内且相对较高,综合安全系数相对较大,说明坝基加固措施合理有效,坝肩具有较强的承载能力。     

块体理论及其在采场巷道稳定性分析中的应用

介绍了块体理论的基本原理及分析方法，并将该理论用于铜坑锡矿细脉带５７０水平下盘运输巷道顶板稳定性分析。将块体理论运用于地下矿山采场巷道的稳定性分析，不仅是对岩体结构分析法的补充，同时作为一种尝试，为正在发展与完善中的块体理论的应用开辟一个新的领域。     

NMR-based damage characterisation of backfill material in host rock under dynamic loading

It is not uncommon that backfill material used in underground mining being exposed to repetitive dynamic stresses induced by blasting operations or rockburst events. Understanding the strength and fracture evolution of backfilled stopes is critical to maintain the long-term stope stability and ensure safe mining activities. This paper aims to study the damage evolution of the backfill material and its host rock behaviour under three-dimensional(3D) dynamic loading. Using a true-triaxial testing machine, multiple samples of backfill material enclosed by country rock were fabricated and tested under various dynamic loadings with different true-triaxial confining stress conditions. In addition, the nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) measurement was conducted on the samples before and after exerting static and dynamic loading to obtain their porosity distribution changes. The experiment results suggested that with the increase of the dynamic loading, the porosity of the backfill sample goes through a two-stage process,which shows a slightly linear decrease and then followed by an exponential increase. The research findings can help understand the damage mechanism and fracture development of backfilled stopes and its host rock in deep underground mines, which are constantly subject to the combination of 3D static confining stress and dynamic loading.     

用岩体结构力学衡量采空区上部岩体的稳定性

介绍了岩体结构力学的一般原理和方法，并运用岩体结构力学的方法计算了霍各气铜矿采空区上部岩体在外加载荷作用下的破裂深度和变形量，并根据计算结果对其稳定性进行了评价。     

Pressure relief and structure stability mechanism of hard roof for gob-side entry retaining

In order to explore the pressure relief and structure stability mechanism of lateral cantilever structure in the stope under the direct coverage of thick hard roof and its impact on the gob-side entry retaining, a lateral cantilever fractured structural mechanical model was established on the basis of clarification for the stress environment of gob-side entry retaining, and the equation of roof given deformation and the balance judgment for fracture block were obtained. The optimal cantilever length was proposed based on the comparison of roof structural characteristics and the stress, deformation law of surrounding rocks under six different cantilever lengths by numerical simulation method. Double stress peaks exist on the sides of gob-side entry retaining and the entry located in the low stress area. The pressure of gob-side entry retaining can be relieved by reducing the cantilever length. However, due to the impact of arch structure of rock beam, unduly short cantilever would result in insufficient pressure relief and unduly long cantilever would bring larger roof stress which results in intense deformation. Therefore, there is optimal cantilever length, which was 7-8 m in this project that enables to achieve the minimum deformation and the most stabilized rock structure of entry retaining. An engineering case of gob-side entry retaining with the direct coverage of 10 m thick hard limestone roof was put forward, and the measured data verified the reasonability of conclusion.     

Large-scale destress blasting for seismicity control in hard rock mines: A case study

Destress blasting is a rockburst control technique where highly stressed rock is blasted to reduce the local stress and stiffness of the rock, thereby reducing its burst proneness. The technique is commonly practiced in deep hard rock mines in burst prone developments, as well as in sill or crown pillars which become burst-prone as the orebody is extracted. Large-scale destressing is a variant of destress blasting where panels are created parallel to the orebody strike with a longhole, fanning blast pattern from cross cut drifts situated in the host rock. The aim of panel destressing is to reduce the stress concentration in the ore blocks or pillars to be mined. This paper focuses on the large-scale destress blasting program conducted at Vale's Copper Cliff Mine(CCM) in Ontario, Canada. The merits of panel destressing are examined through field measurements of mining induced stress changes in the pillar. The destressing mechanism is simulated with a rock fragmentation factor(a) and stress reduction/dissipation factor(b). A 3D model is built and validated with measured induced stress changes. It is shown that the best correlation between the numerical model and field measurements is obtained when the combination of a and b indicates that the blast causes high fragmentation(a = 0.05) and high stress release(b = 0.95) in the destress panel. It is demonstrated that the burst proneness of the ore blocks in the panel stress shadow is reduced in terms of the brittle shear ratio(BSR) and the burst potential index(BPI).     

Evaluation on Stability of Stope Structure Based on Nonlinear Dynamics of Coupling Artificial Neural Network

The nonlinear dynamical behaviors of artificial neural network(ANN) and their application to science and engineering,were summarized.The mechanism of two kinds of dynamical processes,i.e.weight dynamics and activation dynamics in nerual networks,and the stability of computing in structural analysis and design were stated briefly.It was successfully applied to nonlinear neural network to evaluate the stability of underground stope structure in a gold mine,with the application of BP network,it is proven that the neuro-computing is a practical and advanced tool for solving large-scale underground rock engineering problems.     

构造应力对煤层顶板稳定性影响的数值分析

煤层顶板垮落是煤矿生产常见的灾害,煤层顶板稳定性预测是防治顶板事故的关键技术措施。构造应力是影响煤层顶板稳定性的重要因素之一。利用FLAC3D软件,分析在构造应力的影响下煤层项板在采动过程中的变形破坏特征,以及不同侧压条件下煤层顶板的移动规律。结果表明,顶板破坏在岩梁中部是由下向上发展的,在一定的条件下,随着水平构造应力的增大,顶板破坏范围逐步减小,顶板岩层的位移逐步减小。     

Weakening effects of hydraulic fracture in hard roof under the influence of stress arch

For the problem of hydraulic fracture propagation when weakening the hard roof in fully mechanized top-coal caving stope of ultra-thick coal seam, based on the stress arch theory and the fracture mechanics, a two-dimensional model for hydraulic fracture of the roof in the stope was established to investigate the propagation laws of hydraulic fracture. The result shows that, after mining, the principal stress direction of overlaying rock deflects to form the stress arch, whose arrow height and arch thickness increase with the increase of the mining width and the side pressure coefficient. Within the influence range of stress arch, the hydraulic fracture in hard roof deflects towards the stope direction in the course of propagation and forms the ‘‘arch" fracture, which cuts off the roof below the fracture in a laminated way. The deflection angle of hydraulic fracture increases with the increase of the mining width, but decreases with the increase of the side pressure coefficient and the fractured horizon. This research can provide theoretical basis for the application of hydraulic fracturing method in the stope roof weakening.