某萤石尾矿中锂的赋存状态及回收工艺分析

对浙江某萤石尾矿中锂的赋存状态开展详细的研究,并对锂的回收潜力进行评价。工艺矿物学研究表明,尾矿中的含锂矿物为铁锂云母、白云母和金云母,三类云母矿物中的平均锂含量分别为4.16%、0.47%和0.51%,其中62.82%分布于铁锂云母中,故要重点加强对铁锂云母的分选。但由于白云母、金云母与铁锂云母的浮游性能相似,在浮选过程中将一并进入到锂云母精矿,导致云母精矿Li₂O品位偏低而无法得到合格的产品。但是可以采用强磁选法从云母精矿中分离出合格的铁锂云母精矿。也可以采用强磁选法处理给矿,将铁锂云母、褐铁矿和软锰矿分选到磁性产品中,然后用阳离子浮选法从磁性产品中浮选得到铁锂云母精矿。采用浮选—磁选法技术或和磁选—浮选法需通过选矿试验进一步确定。      

西藏玉龙铜矿氧化矿工艺矿物学研究

对西藏玉龙铜矿1号矿体氧化矿进行工艺矿物学研究,查明矿石中铜、钼等元素的赋存状态,并就影响选矿指标的矿物学因素进行分析。研究结果表明,该类型矿石中铜的氧化率较高,加强对氧化铜矿物的浮选回收可以明显提高铜的选矿回收率;矿石中一定量的砷赋存在黝铜矿中,浮选时砷会在铜精矿中富集;钼的硫化物主要是辉钼矿,由于该矿物嵌布粒度较粗,容易浮选回收,但矿石中钼的氧化率也比较高,钼的选矿回收率不会很高。浮选工艺试验过程中应重视对铜氧化矿物的浮选回收及对黏土类易泥化矿物抑制效果的研究工作。     

云南某低品位铜镍硫化矿浮选试验

为给云南某低品位铜镍硫化矿石资源的开发利用提供依据,对该矿石进行了工艺矿物学研究和选矿试验。结果表明：①矿石中的主要有用元素为铜、镍,主要有用矿物为黄铜矿、镍黄铁矿、紫硫镍矿、含镍磁黄铁矿,铜镍主要以硫化物形式存在,分别占总铜、总镍的84.09%和85.96%,铜镍紧密共生,分离难度较大,宜采用混浮工艺回收铜镍;②矿石适宜的磨矿细度为-200目占80%,铜镍混浮粗选pH调整剂Na2CO₃、脉石矿物抑制剂CMC、镍矿物活化剂CuSO₄、捕收剂丁基黄药+硫氨酯适宜的用量分别为800、400、200、90+30 g/t;③采用1次粗选、3次扫选、扫精1扫精选、扫精选精矿与粗精矿合并1次精选、中矿顺序返回闭路流程处理该矿石,最终获得了铜镍品位分别为6.02%和3.97%、铜镍回收率分别为83.05%和84.55%的铜镍混合精矿。     

Applied mineralogy as a tool for mine planning of phosphate rock

Applied mineralogy has been developed with the ore from Cajati mine, providing a support to the processing through the characterization of the run of mine and products from the beneficiation plant. The mine, located in southeast Brazil, is an important national phosphate rock producer that exploits a low graded carbonatitic ore (5% P₂O₅). The ore essentially contains carbonates, calcite and dolomite, with variable amounts of magnetite and accessory minerals (phlogopite, olivine, pyroxene, amphiboles, serpentine, sulfides and others). The ore composition varies along the orebody, and for concentration by flotation a knowledge of these variations as a tool to the mine operation and the industrial plant optimization is necessary. A procedure using mainly standard laboratory tests supported by chemical and mineralogical analysis was developed, in order to obtain parameters of milling behavior, mineralogical composition, liberation degree and flotation expected response. This procedure is being applied to different volumetric samples from mine bench faces, to attempt mining operations, as well as to drill core samples to achieve a technological orebody model in order to optimize the mine planning.     

云南某铅锌多金属矿选矿试验研究

在对云南某铅锌多金属矿进行简单工艺矿物学研究的基础上,按拟定的铜铅混浮-铜铅分离-锌硫混浮-锌硫分离原则流程进行了磨矿细度、药剂种类及用量条件试验,采用1粗1扫2精混浮铜铅、1粗1扫2精铜铅分离、1粗1扫2精混浮锌硫、1粗1扫2精锌硫分离、中矿顺序返回的闭路试验流程处理该矿样,获得了铅品位45.26%、回收率81.33%的铅精矿,锌品位45.97%、回收率88.29%的锌精矿,分选指标理想,但综合回收产品铜精矿和硫精矿的指标有待提高。     

某铜钼钨矿石选矿试验研究

对某含铜钼钨矿石进行了浮选分离工艺研究。该矿石为钨重选毛砂,除钨矿物外,还富含铜、钼等有价金属硫化矿物。根据矿石性质,采用铜钼混合浮选—铜钼分离的浮选工艺,综合回收矿石中的钨、铜、钼。铜钼混合浮选时,采用高效活化剂BK546,有利于矿石浮选脱硫,提高铜钼回收率,并减少钨的互含损失。闭路试验获得钼精矿含钼57.90%、铜0.68%、钼回收率96.44%;铜精矿含铜37.32%、回收率99.64%;钨精矿含WO₃ 68.12%、铜0.025%、钼0.005%、钨回收率97.30%。实现了矿石中钨、铜、钼的有效分离回收。     

金川二矿区富矿石选矿的工艺矿物学研究

金川硫化铜镍矿石现采用全硫化矿物混合浮选工艺,产出铜镍混合精矿。鉴于原矿性质的变化,迫切需要对金川矿石进行系统的工艺矿物学研究,因为掌握矿石性质的变化对选矿生产而言是至关重要的。运用现代物理检测及化学分析手段系统地研究了金川二矿区富矿石的矿物组成,重要矿物的嵌布、粒度特性以及矿物的磨矿解离特性,查明了影响该矿选矿工艺的矿物学因素,指出了提高选别指标的途径,为进一步降低精矿中氧化镁和提高镍、铜回收率提供了依据。     

Process mineralogy as a predictive tool for flowsheet design to advance the Kamoa project

The Kamoa resource, located in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, contains an array of copper sulphide minerals which are present as small grains, averaging 10–27 μm. An initial flowsheet was developed in 2011/12 for the prefeasibility study that was robust enough to handle flotation of all the copper sulphide minerals. Copper recoveries of the flowsheet were 85.4% for the hypogene ore and 83.4% for the supergene ore. Further work on the flowsheet required reduction of the SiO₂ grade of the concentrate, which at 19.1% negatively affected the downstream smelter processing, and also required improvement to copper grades and recoveries given the high grade of the ore. When new sample material became available as part of the Phase 6 drilling program, a fundamental reassessment of the ore and its flotation behaviour was conducted. Although mineralogical characterisation of the ore and liberation of the sulphides was quantified in previous phases of work, there was little understanding of the kinetics of each of the copper sulphide minerals and how they performed in the flowsheet. Comprehensive flotation kinetic tests at various primary grind sizes were performed. The corresponding timed concentrates of the three best performing grinds were characterised by QEMSCAN on a size-by-size basis to fully understand the flotation kinetics and liberation characteristics of the various copper sulphides. A simple and practical recovery model using minerals, particle size and liberation and association was developed from these data, and various flowsheet configurations were simulated. These simulations led to some robust process implications completely rearranging the flowsheet from the previous iteration into a more simple and economic configuration with better performance. The modelled data was confirmed with practically achieved data, extending the use of process mineralogy as a valid, predictive tool in process design. Additionally, the simulations using mineralogical, reduced empirical flotation testing needed to develop the new flowsheet.     

苛化淀粉对磁铁矿和金云母浮选分离的影响及机理研究

以磁铁矿和金云母为研究对象,探讨在十二胺浮选体系下苛化淀粉对两种矿物浮选分离的影响及其作用机理。以十二胺为捕收剂,苛化阳离子醚化淀粉（CCES）、苛化羧甲基淀粉钠（CCMS）、苛化糊精（CD）为抑制剂,对磁铁矿和金云母进行浮选分离试验。采用单矿物浮选试验、Zeta电位分析、吸附量测定、红外光谱分析和人工混合矿浮选分离试验等方法分析苛化淀粉与矿物作用方式。结果表明:金云母和磁铁矿表面电性差异较小,十二胺对两种矿物选择性较差;CCES、CD、CCMS均能吸附在磁铁矿和金云母表面,苛化淀粉与磁铁矿的作用方式主要以化学吸附为主,同时存在静电吸附和氢键作用;而与金云母的吸附方式为静电吸附和氢键作用;三种苛化淀粉对磁铁矿的抑制强度为:CCES>CD>CCMS,对金云母的抑制效果较差。      

新疆某铜镍矿石工艺矿物学研究

为给新疆某大型低品位强氧化铜镍硫化矿石的开发利用提供技术依据,进行了工艺矿物学和混合浮选研究。结果表明：①矿石铜品位0075%、镍品位057%,铜、镍均主要以硫化矿的形式存在,其中硅酸镍难以回收;②矿石中的主要目的矿物为黄铜矿和镍黄铁矿,均可通过浮选回收,脉石以橄榄石为主;③镍黄铁矿在镜下呈自形、半自形粒状均质体,其中呈不规则颗粒状、与磁黄铁矿或黄铜矿以多种不同形态嵌连紧密的镍黄铁矿能较好地通过浮选回收,呈微细粒分布、形状不一和呈不规则粒状或蠕虫状及浸染状的镍黄铁矿因嵌布粒度微细而难以实现单体解离,从而不易通过浮选回收;黄铜矿则常呈不规则粒状、浸染状零星嵌布在脉石中;④磨矿（-0.074 mm 80%）-1粗1精2扫、中矿顺序返回闭路浮选流程可获得镍品位为9.17%、铜品位为1.57%,镍回收率68.01%、铜回收率87.37%的混合精矿,铜、镍富集效果较好。     

钼、铋、铜、钨多金属矿石选矿试验研究

本研究目的为选取多金属矿中的有色金属,采用优先混合浮选钼、铋、铜矿,从尾矿中混合浮选白钨矿的工艺流程。混合浮选采用煤油加丁基黄药作为捕收剂。混合精矿依次钼—铜铋分离,再铋—铜分离,获得合格的钼精矿、铋精矿、铜精矿。     

新型捕收剂TLF201对冬瓜山铜矿的浮选研究

通过新型高级黄药类捕收剂TLF01与Y89对冬瓜山铜矿的浮选对比试验,证明TLF201捕收剂对硫化铜矿具有良好的捕收能力和选择性以及金银回收能力,用于冬瓜山铜矿选矿实践中完全可以替代Y89.     

磨矿细度在铜-钼硫化矿异步混合浮选分离工艺中的关键作用研究

针对某低品位铜钼多金属复杂硫化矿, 研究了磨矿细度在铜-钼硫化矿异步混合浮选分离工艺中的关键作用。采用异步混合浮选工艺流程, 得到铜-钼混合精矿、铜精矿和硫精矿, 然后再对铜-钼混合精矿进行再磨浮选分离, 通过优化和控制异步混合浮选工艺中的磨矿细度, 最终获得品位22.85%、回收率87.17%的铜精矿和品位48.85%、回收率68.96%的钼精矿。     

某铜矿工艺矿物学研究及选矿流程制定

采用电子显微镜、电子探针、矿物解离分析仪(MLA)、人工重砂等传统与现代分析测试方法和手段,查明某铜矿中铜0.52%、钼0.011%、金0.21g/t、银1.96g/t,属典型的斑岩型铜矿。金属硫化矿物主要为黄铜矿和辉钼矿,均以独立矿物形式沿矿石裂隙间分布,或沿裂隙两侧浸染状分布存在,嵌布粒度以细粒为主的不等粒嵌布,属集合体嵌布矿石。矿物易粗磨集合回收,选矿工艺流程宜采用粗磨混选抛尾、粗精矿细磨工艺。     

工艺矿物学在选厂流程优化中的作用

选矿流程产品的工艺矿物学研究可在矿石性质变化、选厂技术改造时为工艺流程的改进提供方向和依据。内蒙某铜铅锌锡多金属矿生产中在锌硫作业中银和铜损失率分别为13.10%和15.64%。为最大限度地提高资源综合利用价值,选择锌硫混合精矿为研究对象,通过赋存状态研究确定了铜、银回收的目的矿物;通过铜、银矿物嵌布关系密切判断出铜、银走向一致,可同步富集。在此基础上,根据黝铜矿、黄铜矿、铜矿物集合体的单体解离度仅为12.84%、33.65%和25.40%,但铜矿物集合体粒度较粗的特点,提出了对铜矿物集合体再磨,获得银铜精矿的技术方案。最终选矿工艺通过提高再磨细度获得了银品位2 699g/t、铜品位为10.02%的高品位银铜精矿,实现了将锌硫混合精矿中原本损失的铜、银加以回收的目的。     

赞比亚某铜钴矿选矿工艺技术研究（增刊）

赞比亚某铜钴矿含铜1.57%,钴0.14%。矿石中主要含铜矿物为黄铜矿,其次为斑铜矿、辉铜矿等,钴矿物主要为硫铜钴矿,其他硫化矿物主要为黄铁矿等。本文对该铜钴矿进行了工艺矿物学以及选矿试验研究。根据矿石特性,采用混合浮选工艺流程,最终获得实验室小型闭路试验结果为：铜钴混合精矿含铜23.02%,回收率94.34%;含钴1.98%,回收率90.09%。     

辽宁某铜铅锌多金属硫化矿工艺矿物学研究

对辽宁某铜铅锌多金属硫化矿矿石进行了工艺矿物学研究,重点查明矿石的结构、构造,矿物组 成,铜、铅、锌的赋存形式及主要矿物的嵌布特性。研究结果表明,矿石中的金属硫化物间及硫 化物与脉石矿物间嵌布关系密切而复杂,存在铅铜及锌铜包含关系,将对铜铅锌的分选产生不利 影响。研究结果可为该多金属硫化矿浮选原则流程的选择提供参考依据。     

Flotation separation of copper sulphides from arsenic minerals at Rosebery copper concentrator

The removal of arsenic bearing minerals from concentrates is becoming more important as environmental laws become ever stricter with regard to smelter emissions. The onus is shifting to concentrate producers to remove these minerals from their product, with penalties applying to materials containing greater than background amounts.The arsenic content of Rosebery copper flotation feed is mainly present as arsenopyrite (FeAsS), containing approximately 46.0% arsenic with the remainder of the arsenic in copper sulphosalts (tennantite (Cu₁₂As₄S₁₃)), in a solid solution series with tetrahedrite (Cu₁₂Sb₄S₁₃). Tennantite contains approximately 20.3% arsenic. Characterisation of the rougher and cleaner concentrates obtained during a plant survey showed that the arsenopyrite was appropriately rejected in the copper flotation circuit. However, tennantite showed similar flotation behaviour to the copper sulphide minerals so that the high arsenic content of the final copper concentrate was mainly in the copper sulphosalts. In this study, regrinding the copper rougher concentrate was investigated to reject tennantite in cleaner flotation. It was found that although finer grinding increased the mass fraction in the ultrafine fraction, the tennantite liberation only increased slightly. The copper selectivity against arsenic was improved significantly although the recovery of copper, silver and arsenic was lower. The difference in floatability of copper sulphide minerals and tennantite appears to increase at finer sizes. In this study, pH and Eh were also manipulated to further improve the selectivity of copper flotation against tennantite at fine particle sizes with some promise. In order to find an application in the Rosebery circuit, any changes must have a net economic benefit and the trade-offs and implications are discussed in this paper.     

云南某铜铁多金属矿初步可选性研究

云南省某地二叠纪细碧岩中产出的铜铁矿铜矿物以孔雀石和硅孔雀石等氧化铜为主,铁矿物以细粒磁铁矿和磁赤铁矿等强磁性矿物为主。通过对该矿中的铜矿物采用优先浮选和混合浮选工艺进行对比,确定对铜矿物采用混合浮选工艺回收,并对浮选尾矿中的强磁性矿物采用阶段磨矿阶段弱磁选的工艺流程。原矿经浮选-弱磁选联合工艺选别后,开路流程可获得铜精矿产率6.47%、品位32.24%、回收率67.51%,总铜中矿回收率22.2%和铁精矿产率39.11%、品位65.43%、回收率66.80%,总铁中矿回收率13.39%的技术指标。     

新疆某难选硫化铜镍矿选矿试验研究

根据新疆某硫化铜镍矿矿石的工艺矿物学特性,进行了详细的选矿试验研究,采用一粗一精两扫、中矿顺序返回的铜镍混合浮选流程,使用碳酸钠做pH调整剂,六偏磷酸钠做分散剂,羧甲基纤维素做抑制剂,混合黄药做捕收剂,处理该矿石,得到了混合精矿含镍10.89%、含铜4.27%,镍回收率81.61%、铜回收率85.03%的指标,氧化镁含量低于6.8%,产品质量符合冶炼要求。对六偏磷酸钠和羧甲基纤维素在硫化铜镍矿浮选中的作用机理进行了分析,结果表明六偏磷酸钠能分散蛇纹石与硫化矿物,降低蛇纹石对硫化矿物浮选的影响,而羧甲基纤维素能抑制含镁硅酸盐矿物的上浮,实现硫化矿物与含镁硅酸盐脉石的浮选分离。因此,在含有多种镁硅酸盐脉石矿物的硫化铜镍矿中同时使用六偏磷酸钠和羧甲基纤维素是该类矿石高效利用的关键。