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陶瓷平板膜具有过滤精度高、化学稳定性好、价格适宜、使用寿命长等优点,可有效解决当前有机类膜材料可靠性差、寿命短,运行成本高等问题,在膜法水处理领域,具有广阔的应用前景。但是国内在陶瓷平板膜的制备、应用等方面的研究较少,面向产业化、工程化方面的研究开发工作极为匮乏,导致陶瓷平板膜的品控较差。而料浆的性能是决定陶瓷膜最终成型质量的重要因素,但是国内对于此项工作的研究报道较少。本工作以高纯α-Al_2O_3和高纯硅溶胶为主要原料,研究了陶瓷膜规模化制备过程中浆料湿法球磨时间、分散剂种类及加入量、pH值对陶瓷膜料浆性能的影响作用。结果表明:分离膜浆料湿法球磨6h,选用聚丙烯酸钠为分散剂且外加量为3.5wt%,浆料pH值为9时,浆料分散性能、悬浮性能最优。 相似文献
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膜蒸馏海水淡化是一种从源头上获得淡水资源的技术,是解决水资源紧缺的一种
重要途径。膜蒸馏需要的膜材料为多孔疏水膜,而陶瓷膜一般具有亲水性,所以陶瓷膜的疏水
改性是决定其在膜蒸馏中应用的关键。传统的疏水改性方法包括接枝聚合、仿生微纳结构构筑、
溶胶-凝胶、化学气相沉积、聚合物沉积等,改性后的疏水或者超疏水陶瓷膜已经被应用于膜蒸
馏海水淡化,但是长时间稳定性的不足阻碍了其实际工业应用。最近我们提出了一种有效的通
过聚合物热解对陶瓷膜进行疏水改性的方法,可以获得具有高热稳定性、化学稳定性、抗腐蚀、
抗冲击的疏水陶瓷膜,具有优异的长时间稳定性能,可获得稳定的淡水产出。本文将介绍各种
陶瓷膜疏水改性方法,阐述几种方法的优缺点,并且探讨他们在膜蒸馏海水淡化中的工业应用
潜力。 相似文献
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碳化硅陶瓷膜具有耐高温、抗热震、耐腐蚀、高通量、使用寿命长等优势,是环境污染治理领域中的关键材料。如何制备面向应用过程的高性能碳化硅陶瓷膜已经成为目前的研究热点。本综述介绍了碳化硅陶瓷膜的成膜方法,包括浸渍提拉法、喷涂法、化学气相沉积法及相转化法。此外,阐明了各方法的成型机理、影响因素及优缺点等,概述了碳化硅膜烧结技术的机理、特点及研究现状,包括重结晶技术、前体转化技术、原位反应烧结技术及新型烧结技术,其中重点描述了共烧技术的实际应用价值及挑战,利于明晰碳化硅陶瓷膜性能与制备工艺的关系。并阐明了碳化硅陶瓷膜在高温烟气净化、油水分离、气体分离领域中的应用现状及前景,最后对碳化硅陶瓷膜工业化应用潜力作出展望。 相似文献
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陶瓷膜具有耐高温、耐酸碱、强度高等优点,在液体分离领域得到了广泛应用。对陶瓷膜进行表面改性,可进一步提升其性能,但基于表面化学反应的改性方法工艺过程复杂,难于控制。原子层沉积(atomic layer deposition,ALD)是基于表面自限制化学反应过程的气固相薄膜沉积技术,可以在纳米尺度精确调控孔道结构,特别适用于多孔分离膜的改性和功能化。目前尚无适用于大尺寸陶瓷膜的ALD设备,需要对ALD过程进行专门的优化设计。通过CFD模型对1 m长的单通道陶瓷膜的ALD过程进行了研究,在数学模型中考虑了两种气体源交替进入腔体中所引发不同的表面反应,并考虑了脉冲边界的影响。模拟计算结果与实验比较平均相对误差为1.69%。在数值模拟的基础上,提出了双向交替旋转脉冲的ALD模式,为陶瓷膜的ALD沉积改性的装备设计和过程优化提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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《Journal of the European Ceramic Society》2019,39(12):3392-3407
Obtaining low-cost ceramic membranes has attracted great interest in the scientific community in last years, as it allows to preserve the advantages of ceramic materials while significantly reduce their manufacturing costs. This type of membranes is mainly based on the use of raw materials and manufacturing processes typical of traditional ceramic materials, i.e silicate-based ceramics. This work exhaustively reviews the raw materials, ceramic compositions and variables of the manufacturing processes used in the development of these membranes, with special emphasis on their numerous potential industrial applications. 相似文献
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André Larbot 《陶瓷学报》2005,26(3):169-176
本文概述了用于制备从大孔支撑体到微孔或致密膜片等各种构造的陶瓷膜的传统方法,如挤出法、浸渍法和溶胶-凝胶法,分析了其它薄膜制备技术,如用于制备致密或微孔薄膜的化学气相沉积法,制备沸石膜的水热法等,提出中空纤维作为陶瓷膜的新构造. 相似文献
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Yang Li Dehua Wang Ye Lu Hebin Li Yangmo Liu Yuankun Li Mingxiang Li Zifei Meng Lixiang Chen Hanbin Wang Keqing Ruan Xiaoxiong Wang 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2023,106(10):6194-6204
Flexible inorganic functional materials have received extensive attention in recent years due to their unique properties and potential application prospects. Among various flexible materials, ceramic fiber membranes have great application prospects due to their functional original structure. Unlike other materials, such as one-dimensional flexible ice, two-dimensional BaTiO3, and three-dimensional α-Ag2S, ceramic fiber membranes are high-performance materials with a functional unit structure. In the field of electrospinning, electrospinning technology can effectively control the microstructure of ceramic fibers, allowing for multileveled structure design, such as ordered electrospinning technology and disordered electrospinning technology, which can effectively control the functional primitive structure. However, the mechanical behavior of these structures is still poorly understood. In this groundbreaking study, we investigated the functional original structure of CaTiO3:Eu3+ electrospinning fiber membranes from the bottom-up and explored the effect of grain diameter ratio on mechanical behavior and studied the effect of Eu3+ ions on the luminescent properties of CaTiO3 functional fiber membranes. By controlling the electrospinning parameters and avoiding inherent mechanical property differences between the microcrystals, we realized the stress concentration design from the perspective of functional element structure. Our results show that the stress concentration design at the bottom of the multileveled structure significantly affects the overall mechanical behavior. This work proposes a new method to control the mechanical properties of inorganic functional ceramic fiber membranes through functional element structure design and provides the first bottom-ordered regulation method, offering a new dimension for future research in this field. 相似文献
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Mohsen Abbasi Mohammad Reza Sebzari Abdolhamid Salahi Behrooz Mirza 《Chemical Engineering Communications》2013,200(1):78-93
One of the major problems in pressure-driven membrane processes is reduction of flux far below the theoretical capacity of the membrane. The results of an experimental study of fouling mechanisms of ceramic membranes in separation of oil from synthesized oily wastewaters are presented. Mullite microfiltration (MF) membranes were synthesized from kaolin clay as MF ceramic membranes. The rejection of total organic carbon (TOC) for the synthetic feeds was found to be more than 94% by these membranes. Hermia's models were used to investigate the fouling mechanisms of membranes. The effect of pressure, cross flow velocity (CFV), temperature, oil concentration, and salt concentration on flux decline were investigated. The results showed that the cake filtration model can well predict the flux decline of mullite ceramic membranes; average error of this model is less than 7%. The results show that by increasing pressure from 0.5 to 4 bar, porosity of the cake layer on the mullite membranes decreases from 25.68% to 14.98%. After the cake filtration model, the intermediate pore blocking model was found to well predict the experimental data with an average error less than 10.5%. 相似文献
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无机陶瓷膜的低成本化日益受到重视。在此以降低陶瓷膜制备成本为出发点,采用在支撑体生坯上浸涂勃姆石溶胶,经干燥烧结后制备具有不对称结构的无机陶瓷超滤膜。考察了更具成本优势的常温水解氯化铝制勃姆石溶胶和传统异丙醇铝制勃姆石溶胶两种溶胶在涂膜时缺陷控制的方法。溶胶中添加PVA可以有效降低溶胶涂层缺陷。在支撑体生坯上浸涂勃姆石溶胶,支撑体与涂层一次烧结制备的不对称结构的陶瓷膜孔隙率与未涂膜支撑体相同,对PVA1750的截留率为90.7%。相对于传统烧成支撑体涂膜的多次烧结工艺,表现出了更低成本优势。 相似文献
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Najib Meftah Almukhtar Omar Mohd Hafiz Dzarfan Othman Zhong Sheng Tai Muhend Milad Mohd Nazri Mohd Sokri Mohd Hafiz Puteh 《International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology》2023,20(6):3327-3356
Ceramic membranes offer considerable promise for future industrial applications due to their superior chemical, mechanical, and thermal stabilities, resistance to harsh operating conditions, and long-term operating processes. However, several bottlenecks still limit their commercial scale-up in filtration and separation applications, including brittleness, the high costs of conventional ceramic materials, and fouling. Despite several articles in the literature on ceramic membranes, this review focuses on recent progress, technical strategies, and methods to mitigate these limitations that significantly impact their separation and filtration performance. The use of alternative naturally occurring ceramic materials to mitigate the high costs of conventional ceramic materials is discussed, as well as strategies to improve the mechanical strength of brittle ceramic membranes by increasing sintering temperatures and using support materials. Additionally, advanced techniques to mitigate fouling accumulation and wetting in the pores and on the ceramic membrane surface, such as increasing membrane hydrophilicity and surface modification, are addressed. Despite progress in technical solutions for mitigating the bottlenecks of ceramic membranes, these limitations persist. Therefore, the present limitations and future research directions are highlighted. 相似文献
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陶瓷纳滤膜以其优良的热稳定性、化学稳定性和机械强度等特性,在涉及高温、酸碱、有机溶剂等苛刻环境的过程工业领域具有广阔的应用前景。因此,陶瓷纳滤膜材料的制备研究已引起众多科研工作者的关注。本文综述了陶瓷纳滤膜在制备及应用方面的研究进展,着重介绍了溶胶-凝胶法、化学气相沉积法、原子层沉积法及表面接枝等陶瓷纳滤膜制备方法。溶胶-凝胶法反应温度低、操作过程相对简单且精确可控,是目前国内外陶瓷纳滤膜制备的常用方法;化学气相沉积法及原子层沉积法则需借助气相化学反应在多孔基底表面进行材料沉积,从而修复缺陷,减小平均孔经;表面接枝技术可改变陶瓷膜表面亲疏水性,同时将陶瓷基膜孔径减小至纳滤范围。此外简单介绍了陶瓷纳滤膜的应用,并对未来陶瓷纳滤膜研究方向提出了建议,指出陶瓷纳滤膜微结构参数与分离性能之间的关系建立,以及探讨陶瓷纳滤膜在溶剂体系中的分离机理将成为今后一段时间内的研究热点。 相似文献