氨基醇配体催化不对称合成反应研究进展

在不对称催化反应中,手性氨基醇是一类非常重要的手性配体,它们可用于催化多种不对称合成反应。本文综述了近年来国内外手性氨基醇配体催化各种不对称合成反应的研究新进展,为开发更高效的氨基醇配体提供了参考。     

利用微藻催化生产手性醇的研究进展

介绍了近年来国内外在利用微藻催化不对称反应合成手性醇的研究进展。综述了微藻催化不对称合成的反应类型,同时对影响微藻不对称催化手性醇的因素进行了讨论,最后探讨了该技术的应用前景以及该项技术在工业生产中需要克服的一些问题。     

手性氰化物的研究及工业化应用进展

以潜手性羰基化合物为底物,氢氰酸、金属氰化物氰醇、烷基硅腈等为氰源,改变反应体系的反应条件,直接不对称催化合成手性氰醇。消旋氰醇经物理、化学、生物转化拆分间接制备手性氰醇;烯烃、亚胺的不对称催化氰化也是合成手性氰化物重要方法。重点介绍了苯基羟基腈类的工业应用进展。     

生物催化羰基不对称还原合成手性醇的研究及应用进展

综述了国内外利用生物催化羰基的不对称还原合成手性醇的研究情况。介绍了生物催化各类潜手性羰基化合物不对称还原的原理、菌种的筛选,以及生物催化不对称还原各类羰基化合物的实例。     

L-脯氨醇的合成

L-脯胺醇是重要的手性化学试剂，既是合成优良光学材料NPP和手性聚合物材料的原料，又是合成手性药物的重要手性源。近年来，随着不对称催化技术的快速发展，L-脯氨醇已成为一种金属配位催化的优秀配体，广泛用于不对称金属烷基化反应、Michael加成反应、相转移催化等重要有机合成中。因此，对L-脯氨醇的合成工艺进行深入研究有重要意义．     

生物催化制备手性中间体的研究进展

手性芳醇是合成手性化合物的重要中间体.本文从近几年来发展起来的生物催化的催化剂筛选、催化反应体系等领域,综述了生物不对称还原合成手性芳醇及其衍生物的研究进展.     

基因工程菌在不对称还原制备手性醇中的应用进展

综述了基因工程菌在手性醇合成中的研究情况。介绍了合成手性醇的酶学研究及酶的基因特性,重点阐述了工程菌的质粒构建及表达体系对不对称合成的催化效率和立体选择性的影响,并对基因工程菌不对称还原制备手性醇的应用前景进行了展望。     

酶催化合成手性氰醇的研究进展

手性氰醇是一类重要的手性药物与农药中间体,并能够转化成具有不同官能团的光学活性中间体,在手性药物的合成中具有极其重要的地位。本文从氰醇醛缩酶的来源、酶催化合成手性氰醇的条件因素等几个方面系统介绍了手性氰醇的酶催化合成研究进展以及手性氰醇的应用。     

手性金属络合物催化剂在不对称合成中的应用

不对称合成是当前有机合成中热门研究领域，利用手性金属络合物催化剂催化不对称硅氢化、烷基化，以烯烃、酮、亚胺、醛等合成手性醇、手性胺、手性酮等具有很好的工业应用前景。本文论述了手性金属络合物催化剂在不对称硅氢化反应及其在二烷基锌对醛的不对称烷基化反应中的应用。     

面包酵母在手性化合物不对称合成中的类型

药物分子的立体化学决定其生物活性，手性已成为药物研究的一个关键因素。利用微生物或酶催化的方法进行手性化合物的不对称合成已经成为一个极具吸引力的方向。综述了近年来利用面包酵母催化不对称合成手性化合物的研究进展，着重讨论了利用面包酵母可进行的多种手性试剂的催化合成的反应类型。     

Preface to special issue of biocatalysis

Optically pure (R)-γ-and (R)-δ-lactones can be prepared by intramolecular cyclization of chiral hydroxy acids/ esters reduced asymmetrically from γ-and δ-keto acids/esters using Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S.cerevisiae) as a whole-cell biocatalyst.However,some of the enzymes catalyzing these reactions in S.cerevisiae are still unknown up to date.In this report,two carbonyl reductases,OdCR1 and OdCR2,were successfully discovered,and cloned from S.cerevisiae using a genome-mining approach,and overexpressed in Escherichia coli (E.coli).Compared with OdCR1,OdCR2 can reduce 4-oxodecanoic acid and 5-oxodecanoic acid asymmetrically with higher stereoselectivity,generating (R)-γ-decalactone (99％ ee) and (R)-δ-decalactone (98％ ee) in 85％ and 92％ yields,respectively.This is the first report of native enzymes from S.cerevisiae for the enzymatic synthesis of chiral γ-and δ-lactones which is of wide uses in food and cosmetic industries.     

2,4-二氯-α-氯甲基苯甲醇的合成研究

2,4-二氯-α-氯甲基苯甲醇是合成硝酸咪(益)康唑、抑霉唑等的重要中间体,具有非常广泛的用途。参考了国内有关2,4-二氯-α-氯甲基苯甲醇合成的文献,综述了我国2,4-二氯-α-氯甲基苯甲醇的合成研究,提出了孔分子筛中负载金属氧化物、手性配体等活性组分将是今后研究发展的主要方向。     

固载型手性海因催化合成(S)-α-氰基-3-苯氧基苯甲醇

以混合溶剂法由D 氨基酸和异氰酸酯制备一系列3,5 二取代手性海因,用大孔吸附树脂作载体,制成固载型手性催化剂,并考察了不同结构手性海因化合物在3 苯氧基苯甲醛氰醇化反应中的催化活性。结果表明,所采用的手性海因制备方法简便,在(S) α 氰基 3 苯氧基苯甲醇的不对称合成中表现了较好的对映选择性,其氰醇ee值约为20%～35.5%。     

Asymmetric bioreduction of γ- and δ-keto acids by native carbonyl reductases from Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Optically pure (R)-γ- and (R)-δ-lactones can be prepared by intramolecular cyclization of chiral hydroxy acids/esters reduced asymmetrically from γ- and δ-keto acids/esters using Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae) as a whole-cell biocatalyst. However, some of the enzymes catalyzing these reactions in S. cerevisiae are still unknown up to date. In this report, two carbonyl reductases, OdCR1 and OdCR2, were successfully discovered, and cloned from S. cerevisiae using a genome-mining approach, and overexpressed in Escherichia coli (E. coli). Compared with OdCR1, OdCR2 can reduce 4-oxodecanoic acid and 5-oxodecanoic acid asymmetrically with higher stereoselectivity, generating (R)-γ-decalactone (99% ee) and (R)-δ-decalactone (98% ee) in 85% and 92% yields, respectively. This is the first report of native enzymes from S. cerevisiae for the enzymatic synthesis of chiral γ- and δ-lactones which is of wide uses in food and cosmetic industries.     

催化不对称烷基化反应中氨基醇配体研究进展

二烷基锌对醛的不对称加成反应是合成手性二级醇的有效方法,反应产物手性二级醇是药物、精细化学品、天然产物的重要中间体,手性氨基醇是诱导这类反应手性配体的重要组成部分并且表现出了很高的对映选择性。综述了催化该类反应手性氨基醇配体的一些研究新进展。     

Bridging gap between chemo- and biocatalysis: strategies and applications

The chemoenzymatic cascade catalysis combines the broad reactivity of chemical catalysis with the high selectivity of biocatalysis, and is an effective way to asymmetrically synthesize high value-added chiral compounds. However, the incompatibilities between the chemo- and biocatalysts as well as between their respective reaction conditions greatly restricted the development of this field. The design of feasible approaches to solve these problems can achieve the compatibility and complementary advantages of the two catalytic categories, thus making the chemoenzymatic cascade catalytic reactions more widely applied. In this review, the recent progress in developing strategies to overcome the incompatibility between chemical catalysis and enzymatic catalysis, such as temporal separation, spatial separation and integrated catalysts, is reviewed. The applications of chemoenzymatic cascade catalysis in dynamic kinetic resolution of chiral compounds and synthesis of chiral drugs are also introduced. Finally, the future limitations and the development trends of this field are prospected.     

架起化学-酶催化之间的桥梁：构建策略及催化应用

化学-酶级联催化结合了化学催化的广泛反应性与生物催化的高选择性,是不对称合成高附加值手性化合物的有效途径。然而,化学催化剂和酶之间以及它们反应条件之间的不相容性极大地限制了这一领域的发展。因此设计可行的方法解决这些问题,实现两种催化范畴的兼容和优势互补,将使化学-酶级联催化反应得到更广泛的应用。综述了近年来克服化学催化与酶催化不相容性所采取的一些策略以及相关的研究进展,如时间分隔、空间分隔和集成催化剂等,并介绍了化学-酶级联催化在手性化合物动态动力学拆分及手性药物合成方面的应用,最后展望了该领域未来的局限性和发展趋势。     

A Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus secondary alcohol dehydrogenase mutant derivative highly active and stereoselective on phenylacetone and benzylacetone

The secondary alcohol dehydrogenase from Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus 39E (TeSADH) is highly thermostable and solvent-stable, and it is active on a broad range of substrates. These properties make TeSADH an excellent template to engineer an industrial catalyst for chiral chemical synthesis. (S)-1-Phenyl-2-propanol was our target product because it is a precursor to major pharmaceuticals containing secondary alcohol groups. TeSADH has no detectable activity on this alcohol, but it is highly active on 2-butanol. The structural model we used to plan our mutagenesis strategy was based on the substrate's orientation in a horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase*p-bromobenzyl alcohol*NAD(+) ternary complex (PDB entry 1HLD). The W110A TeSADH mutant now uses (S)-1-phenyl-2-propanol, (S)-4-phenyl-2-butanol and the corresponding ketones as substrates. W110A TeSADH's kinetic parameters on these substrates are in the same range as those of TeSADH on 2-butanol, making W110A TeSADH an excellent catalyst. In particular, W110A TeSADH is twice as efficient on benzylacetone as TeSADH is on 2-butanol, and it produces (S)-4-phenyl-2-butanol from benzylacetone with an enantiomeric excess above 99%. W110A TeSADH is optimally active at 87.5 degrees C and remains highly thermostable. W110A TeSADH is active on aryl derivatives of phenylacetone and benzylacetone, making this enzyme a potentially useful catalyst for the chiral synthesis of aryl derivatives of alcohols. As a control in our engineering approach, we used the TbSADH*(S)-2-butanol binary complex (PDB entry 1BXZ) as the template to model a mutation that would make TeSADH active on (S)-1-phenyl-2-propanol. Mutant Y267G TeSADH did not have the substrate specificity predicted in this modeling study. Our results suggest that (S)-2-butanol's orientation in the TbSADH*(S)-2-butanol binary complex does not reflect its orientation in the ternary enzyme-substrate-cofactor complex.     

高效液相色谱法纤维素类手性固定相分离手性化合物

在手性柱OJ-H上直接分离了三种手性化合物,并初步探讨了手性化合物在不同流动相的组分———醇的种类及结构对手性拆分的影响,结果发现,溶质与固定相分子之间的氢键作用、π-π作用对溶质的手性分离有一定的影响。另外,不同直链醇作为流动相也影响着手性化合物的保留与分离。