汽车动力总成液阻悬置液-固耦合非线性动力学仿真

液阻悬置是一种先进的隔振元件,广泛应用于汽车动力总成的隔振系统中。目前对液阻悬置动特性的仿真均采用集总参数模型,模型所需的物理参数主要由液阻悬置相应的元件进行试验得到。以惯性通道-解耦盘式液阻悬置为研究对象,建立了其性能分析的液-固耦合有限元模型;利用该模型对其静、动特性进行了仿真,并和试验值进行了对比。计算分析了液阻悬置的-些内部特征参数的变化规律,其结果与液阻悬置的工作机理或试验结果相符合。利用液-固耦合有限元模型对液阻悬置进行仿真时,只需橡胶材料的应力-应变关系、液体的性能参数和液阻悬置的几何参数。应用该法可以在液阻悬置的设计开发阶段较精确地预测产品的性能和进行优化设计,有利于提高产品设计质量、缩短开发周期。     

液阻悬置非线性动特性及其参数识别方法

对通道长度不同的惯性通道式液阻悬置的动特性进行试验研究,首次从试验上揭示出惯性通道式液阻悬置在不同幅值位移激励下的频变动特性所具有的不动点特性.基于工程流体力学的相关理论,建立集总参数与液力机构结构几何相关联的液阻悬置非线性集总参数模型,得到动特性的解析解.首次从理论上揭示出惯性通道式液阻悬置在不同幅值位移激励下其储能动刚度存在的不动点.理论与试验揭示的不动点现象高度一致,从而证明非线性集总参数模型的有效性及其分析结论的正确性.鉴于理论分析与试验结果高度一致的事实,结合储能动刚度的不动点以及高频储能动刚度趋于定值的特性,发展了基于非线性集总参数模型的参数识别的新的理论和方法,其原理简单、结果可靠且经济省时.     

基于特征点法的液阻悬置集总参数模型参数识别

探讨应用动态特性特征点法预测与识别液阻悬置集总参数模型主要参数的分析方法。该方法首先通过实验来得出液阻悬置动态特性特征点,运用傅里叶变换的方法对液压悬置的集总参数模型进行深入推导得到液压悬置的复刚度,然后通过建立的动态特性特征点与集总参数之间的关系求解得出集总参数的值。通过对数值预测结果与实测结果对比分析表明,基于动态特性特征点法的液阻悬置集总参数模型动特性分析技术是可行、有效的,其预测结果精确性满足工程要求。     

基于流固耦合有限元法和集总参数法模型的建模方法

传统的半主动悬置非线性较强，难以探究其动态特性。为了更好地解决其建模过程中参数识别困难的问题，根据半主动悬置的基本原理，采用一种基于流固耦合有限元法和集总参数模型的建模方法，对其运动特性进行了理论、仿真与试验研究。首先，根据悬置的基本原理构建了力学模型，在AMESim平台中建立了悬置结构集总参数模型；然后，采用流固耦合有限元法，提取了橡胶主簧、两个液室体积刚度、流体惯性系数和阻尼系数等关键参数；最后，将参数代入集总参数模型后完成了仿真，并通过搭建试验平台，验证了仿真结果的准确性；绘制了软硬模式下悬置系统的动刚度和阻尼角曲线，分析了其动态特性。试验结果表明：流固耦合-集总参数的建模方法精准度较高，仿真与试验对比后的动刚度和阻尼角最大误差分别为6.2%和7.4%,满足工程误差要求。研究结果表明：基于流固耦合有限元法和集总参数模型的方法不仅可用于分析悬置参数对动刚度和阻尼角的影响，也可为发动机悬置优化提供建模基础，节省了研发成本，提高了研发效率。     

应用Volterra级数识别液阻悬置非线性阻尼参数

液阻悬置作为一种典型的非线性系统,其在不同激励下有着良好的动特性,而动特性又与悬置参数有着密切联系,所以本文基于Volterra级数理论,以惯性通道-浮动解耦盘式液阻悬置为研究对象,提出了该液阻悬置非线性阻尼滞后角和其液体阻尼机构非线性阻尼参数的识别方法,可在知道输出和部分结构参数的情况下来较为简单的获得液体阻尼机构的阻尼参数,且在一定范围的激励频率下得到的该阻尼参数识别值与实验得到的参数值之间的误差能保持在3%以内。另外由Volterra级数理论识别得到的液阻悬置阻尼滞后角已由平均法对比验证,同样表现出了较好的一致性。     

三代液阻悬置非线性动特性的试验研究及其参数识别方法

目前液阻悬置是性能最佳的被动式隔振器,它是汽车动力总成隔振悬置设计开发的首选方案。以第三代液阻悬置为基础,通过对惯性通道的改造以及不同液力机构的组合,系统地研究了惯性通道、解耦膜、节流盘等液力机构以及惯性通道长度及其入口局部损失对液阻悬置动特性的影响规律,揭示了不同液力机构的工作原理以及三代液阻悬置动特性之间的继承和发展关系,为液阻悬置的设计选型提供了直观的依据,并证明了理论分析的正确性。基于动特性试验结果与理论分析结果高度一致的事实,针对液阻悬置动特性的变化特点,提出了识别上液室体积刚度以及橡胶主簧等效泵液活塞面积的新方法,该方法可以有效克服测试误差的影响,原理简单、结果可靠;可以在常规的动特性试验机上进行试验,无需设计复杂的液压试验台。     

半主动悬置幅变动特性建模与试验分析

针对经典集总参数模型无法表述半主动悬置幅变特性的问题,建立了修正的集总参数模型,用于描述半主动悬置的幅变特性。首先,在MTS831试验台上分别对半主动悬置和橡胶主簧进行了不同位移振幅激励下的动特性试验。根据试验结果,采用遗传算法对半主动悬置的主要集总参数进行了辨识,确定了受幅值影响较大的集总参数。其次,根据参数辨识结果,采用幂指数模型拟合了惯性通道液阻的幅变修正系数,应用二次多项式响应面方法获得了橡胶主簧动特性关于幅值和频率的回归方程,最终建立了修正的集总参数模型。修正的集总参数模型不仅能同时反映半主动悬置的幅变和频变特性,还具有很好的预测功能。通过修正的集总参数模型,分析了半主动悬置幅变动特性的产生机理。     

液阻悬置动态特性实验方法及实测分析

论述了液阻悬置及其主要部件的静态和动态力学特性的实验测试和数据处理方法，探讨了液阻悬置特性的评价参数；对惯性通道一活动解耦盘式、惯性通道式液阻悬置及其橡胶主簧进行了静态和动态力学特性测试，分析了液阻悬置的三向静刚度与其橡胶主簧的三向静刚度的关系，研究了预载荷、激振幅值和激振频率对液阻悬置及其橡胶主簧动态力学特性的影响；对惯性通道-活动解耦盘式和惯性通道式液阻悬置的动态特性进行了比较分析，研究了活动解耦盘对液阻悬置动态特性的影响；在不同的激振工况下，测量了上液室的动态压强和温度。     

节流盘式液阻悬置动特性作用机理的计算与试验分析

为了揭示节流盘式液阻悬置的动力学特性和减振机理,建立了其线性和非线性集总参数模型。在低、高频工况下,节流盘式液阻悬置的动态特性仿真曲线与试验吻合较好,验证了模型的正确性。通过对不同类型液阻悬置的对比试验分析,揭示了节流盘式液阻悬置的作用机理,结果表明节流盘式液阻悬置改善了悬置的高频动态特性。     

可变解耦膜刚度半主动液阻悬置研究

分析一种新型的可变解耦膜刚度半主动液阻悬置的基本结构,测试其动特性。基于工程流体力学相关理论,建立与结构几何相关联,既能分析外特性、又能分析内特性的非线性集总参数模型。基于储能动刚度不动点的参数识别方法,对其空气室封闭与接通大气两种状态下的上液室体积刚度和橡胶主簧等效泵液活塞面积进行参数识别,结果表明两种状态因解耦膜刚度不同而显著改变上液室体积刚度。对所建模型进行动特性分析,经与试验结果对比,二者吻合良好,验证了模型的合理性和参数的正确性。在此基础上,建立单质量-半主动液阻悬置的隔振系统模型,对低频、高频及冲击等典型工况进行隔振性能仿真,基于力传递率探讨典型工况下系统的隔振性能,提出可变解耦膜刚度半主动液阻悬置的控制方式,对半主动液阻悬置的开发以及汽车动力总成的隔振降噪具有指导意义。     

MODELING AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF A PASSIVE HYDRAULIC ENGINE MOUNT WITH INERTIA AND DIRECT-DECOUPLER

To investigate the dynamic characteristics and damping theory of the passive hydraulic engine mount （PHEM）, numerical prediction is performed through lumped parameter model. System parameters, including volume compliance of the decoupler chamber, effective piston area, fluid inertia and resistance of inertia track and direct-decoupler, are identified by means of experiments and finite element method （FEM）. Dynamic behaviors are tested with elastomer test system for purpose of validating PHEM. With incorporation of inertia track and direct-decoupler, PHEM behaves effective and efficient vibration isolation in range of both low and high frequencies. The comparison of the numerical results with the experimental observations shows that the present PHEM achieves fairly good performance for the engine vibration isolation.     

液压悬置参数对其动特性的影响

对被动式惯性通道—解耦盘式液压悬置结构、工作原理进行了分析,建立了液压悬置动特性集总参数模型,并利用Matlab建立了仿真模型,对其动特性进行了仿真分析,深人分析了各参数对动特性的影响规律。     

Modified reduced order observer based linear active disturbance rejection control for TITO systems

This paper proposes an observer based control approach for two input and two output (TITO) plant affected by the lumped disturbance which includes the undesirable effect of cross couplings, parametric uncertainties, and external disturbances. A modified reduced order extended state observer (ESO) based active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) is designed to estimate the lumped disturbance actively as an extended state and compensate its effect by adding it to the control. The decoupled mechanism has been used to determine the controller parameters, while the proposed control technique is applied to the TITO coupled plant without using decoupler to show its efficacy. Simulation results show that the proposed design is efficiently able to nullify the interactions within the loops in the multivariable process with better transient performance as compared to the existing proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control methods. An experimental application of two tanks multivariable level control system is investigated to present the validity of proposed scheme.     

Non-linear torsional vibration characteristics of an internal combustion engine crankshaft assembly

Crankshaft assembly failure is one of the main factors that affects the reliability and service life of engines.The linear lumped mass method,which has been universally applied to the dynamic modeling of engine crankshaft assembly,reveals obvious simulation errors.The nonlinear dynamic characteristics of a crankshaft assembly are instructionally significant to the improvement of modeling correctness.In this paper,a general expression for the non-constant inertia of a crankshaft assembly is derived based on the instantaneous kinetic energy equivalence method.The nonlinear dynamic equations of a multi-cylinder crankshaft assembly are established using the Lagrange rule considering nonlinear factors such as the non-constant inertia of reciprocating components and the structural damping of shaft segments.The natural frequency and mode shapes of a crankshaft assembly are investigated employing the eigenvector method.The forced vibration response of a diesel engine crankshaft assembly taking into account the non-constant inertia is studied using the numerical integral method.The simulation results are compared with a lumped mass model and a detailed model using the system matrix method.Results of non-linear torsional vibration analysis indicate that the additional excitation torque created by non-constant inertia activates the 2nd order rolling vibration,and the additional damping torque resulting from the non-constant inertia is the main nonlinear factor.The increased torsional angular displacement evoked by the high order excitation torque relates to the non-constant inertia.This research project is aimed at improving nonlinear dynamics theory,and the confirmed nonlinear parameters can be used for the structure design of a crankshaft assembly.     

空气阻尼悬置非线性动态特性建模与仿真

由于空气阻尼悬置为汽车动力总成等系统的隔振元件,其性能与成本介于橡胶悬置与液阻悬置之间,以一典型空气悬置为研究对象,建立了动力学特性仿真分析的集总参数非线性模型。对其动特性进行了数值仿真,并与实验值进行了对比分析,结果证明了所建立模型的正确性。对影响空气悬置动特性的各因素进行了趋势研究,揭示了节流孔直径、节流孔长度、初始体积、激励振幅与绝热指数等因素对空气悬置特征参数的影响规律,其中减小节流孔直径可显著提高空气悬置阻尼。此研究的建模与仿真方法有助于空气悬置产品的设计与开发。     

The effect of fluid properties and geometrical parameters of cantilever on the frequency response of atomic force microscopy

Nowadays, the atomic force microscopy plays an indispensable role in imaging and manipulation of biological samples. To observe some specific behaviors and biological processes, fast and accurate imaging techniques are required, and one way to speed up the imaging process is to use short cantilevers. For short beams, the Timoshenko model seems to be more accurate compared to other models such as the Euler–Bernoulli. By using the Timoshenko beam model, the effects of rotational inertia and shear deformation are taken into consideration. In this paper, the frequency response of a rectangular atomic force microscope (AFM) in liquid environment has been analyzed by using the Timoshenko beam model. Afterward, since the dynamic response of AFM is influenced by the applied medium, the effects of physical and mechanical properties (e.g., fluid density and viscosity) on the frequency response of the system have been investigated. The frequency responses of the AFM cantilever immersed in various liquids have been compared with one another. And eventually, to study the influence of geometry on the dynamic behavior of AFM, the effect of the cantilever's geometrical parameters (e.g., cantilever length, width and thickness) on the frequency response of the system has been studied.