MoO_3/石墨烯/碳纳米管复合阴极在MFCs中的应用

采用简单的水热合成法制备了氧化钼(MoO_3)/石墨烯(GNS)/碳纳米管(CNT)复合材料。用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)表征了材料的形貌和结构。用循环伏安(CV)和线性扫描(LSV)测试了材料的氧还原催化性能,结果发现,复合材料的氧还原电流和起始电位均大大优于单一的MoO_3,表现出较好的催化性能。含有3mg·cm~(-2) MoO_3/GNS/CNT复合材料作为阴极催化剂的MFC最大功率密度为510 m W·m~(-2),达到商业铂碳的83%。因此,廉价的MoO_3/GNS/CNT复合材料作为MFC阴极氧还原催化剂具有巨大的应用潜力。     

α-MoC/石墨烯复合材料的氧还原性能及其在微生物燃料电池中的应用

用改良Hummers法和碳热还原法分别制备了石墨烯和碳化钼。用扫描电子显微镜和XRD表征了材料的形貌和结构。用循环伏安和线性扫描测试了材料的氧还原催化性能,结果发现,复合材料的氧还原峰电流和起峰电位均大大优于单一材料,表现出较好的催化性能。含有12mg/cm~2α-MoC碳化钼/石墨烯复合材料作为阴极催化剂的MFCs最大功率密度为417.6m W/m~2,达到商业铂碳的68.2%。因此,廉价的α-MoC/石墨烯复合材料作为MFCs阴极氧还原催化剂具有巨大的应用潜力。     

碳量子点修饰电极对生物挂膜及硝氮还原特性研究

研究了不同制备条件下的碳量子点(CQDs)修饰碳毡电极对微生物挂膜及硝酸盐氮(NO^-₃-N)催化还原性能的影响。通过扫描电镜(SEM)和电化学测试方法对其进行测试，结果表明，CQDs质量浓度为14.4 g/L、碳化时间为24 h时，风干干燥方法制备的CQDs修饰电极具有较大的比表面积和良好的挂膜能力；循环伏安曲线分析结果表明，NO^-₃离子还原峰位于-0.785～-0.663 V之间，峰值电位和峰值电流较大，NO^-₃-N的还原性能更强，同时交流阻抗谱也体现了该工况下较小的电荷转移内阻，均为10～18Ω之间。因此，使用CQDs修饰可以提升MFC生物阴极的挂膜能力及NO^-₃-N的催化还原性能。     

低维碳材料改性研究进展

综述了近几年包括富勒烯(C₆₀)、碳量子点(CQDs)、碳纳米管(CNT)、碳纤维(CF)、石墨烯(GN)在内的低维碳材料改性研究进展，依据碳材料的维度形态对材料进行了分类与概括，并介绍了现有低维碳材料常见的改性方法及意义，助力高性能低维碳材料发展。     

石墨烯基钴卟啉复合物的制备及其电催化氧气还原性能研究

通过简单的水热反应实现石墨烯(graphene)和钴卟啉(Co TPP)的复合,制备出石墨烯基钴卟啉复合物(Co TPP-graphene),以透射电镜表征其形貌,循环伏安法(cyclic voltammogram,CV)考察其催化氧还原的能力。结果表明:在中性介质中,Co TPP-graphene比graphene和Co TPP单独修饰的电极的氧还原电位更正,还原电流更大,催化氧还原的性能更好。     

氨基化倍半硅氧烷/石墨烯的合成及性能研究

通过改进的Hummers法来制备氧化石墨烯,然后在氧化石墨烯中插入氨基倍半硅氧烷,再将得到的产物进行还原,制备氨基化倍半硅氧烷复合石墨烯的杂化材料,最后通过红外光谱、扫描电镜、拉曼光谱、紫外-可见吸收光谱等手段对制得的材料进行了表征。分别用氧饱和的0.5 mol/L硫酸溶液和0.1 mol/L氢氧化钾溶液作为电解液,光催化体系,通过循环伏安法和线性扫描伏安法研究了合成催化剂的氧还原性能,并计算了制备的催化剂在氧化原反应中的转移电子数,从而了解其氧还原性能。研究结果表明:在3 443 cm~(-1)处产生氨基的伸缩振动吸收峰,证明氨基化倍半硅氧烷被成功引入石墨烯片层中。氨基化倍半硅氧烷/石墨烯在1 567 cm~(-1)处有一个C=C的吸收峰,证明了复合材料中的氧化石墨烯成功地被还原成了石墨烯。拉曼光谱表征出氧化石墨烯的氧化程度较高。Pt-GO-POSS在相同条件下的转移电子数为3.81,其氧还原性能高于RGO-POSS。     

基于百香果壳的荧光碳量子点的制备及对Fe3+的检测

以百香果壳为原材料,采用水热法合成荧光碳量子点(CQDs),考察了碳量子点(CQDs)对Fe³⁺的检测效果。利用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、红外光谱仪(FT-IR)、紫外-可见吸收光谱仪、荧光光谱仪等对碳量子点(CQDs)的形貌、结构、基团、光谱特性等进行了表征。结果显示,合成的碳量子点形貌和分散性良好,尺寸约为7 nm。在435 nm的激发波长下,其发射峰位于512 nm处。在反应温度为120℃,反应时间为12 h时,所得到的碳量子点的性能最好。Fe³⁺对CQDs荧光有明显的猝灭现象,而其他金属离子的加入不会改变CQDs的荧光强度及发射峰位置,说明合成的CQDs可以实现对Fe³⁺的特异性检测。     

MoO3/石墨烯/碳纳米管复合阴极在MFCs中的应用

采用简单的水热合成法制备了氧化钼（MoO₃）/石墨烯（GNS）/碳纳米管（CNT）复合材料。用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和X射线衍射仪（XRD）表征了材料的形貌和结构。用循环伏安（CV）和线性扫描（LSV）测试了材料的氧还原催化性能,结果发现,复合材料的氧还原电流和起始电位均大大优于单一的MoO₃,表现出较好的催化性能。含有3 mg·cm^-2 MoO₃/GNS/CNT复合材料作为阴极催化剂的MFC最大功率密度为510 mW·m^-2,达到商业铂碳的83%。因此,廉价的MoO₃/GNS/CNT复合材料作为MFC阴极氧还原催化剂具有巨大的应用潜力。     

稀土掺杂Z型钡铁氧体/石墨烯复合材料结构及吸波性能研究

用溶胶-凝胶法制备Z型钡铁氧体,将还原氧化石墨烯与Z型铁氧体复合制得Ba_3Co_2Fe_(24)O_(41)/石墨烯复合吸波材料,再用稀土La部分替代Ba制得Ba_(2.7)La_(0.3)Co_2Fe_(24)O_(41)/石墨烯复合材料。测试材料的电磁性能及微波吸收性能发现,复合石墨烯可以大幅度提升Z型铁氧体的介电常数虚部及吸波性能,且La替代Ba后,样品的介电常数虚部和微波吸收量得到进一步提升。Ba_(2.7)La_(0.3)Co_2Fe_(24)O_(41)/石墨烯复合材料平均微波吸收量由Z型铁氧体的22.30 dB增加到37.41 dB,吸收峰值由34.91dB增加到47.87dB,这使其成为一种很有潜力的吸波材料。     

锂硫电池石墨烯/纳米硫复合正极材料的制备及电化学性能

利用热解还原将Hummers法制得的氧化石墨烯还原为石墨烯,并采用化学沉淀法将纳米硫成功负载到石墨烯片层上,获得石墨烯/纳米硫(RGO/nano-S)正极复合材料。利用FT-IR、XRD、SEM、TEM和Raman对所制备复合材料的微观结构、形貌等进行表征,采用恒流充放电、循环伏安法和交流阻抗法对复合材料的电化学性能进行研究。研究结果表明,热还原所得石墨烯褶皱的表面形成容纳硫及多硫离子的空间,有助于缓解活性物质溶解和抑制多硫离子迁移;同时,均匀分布的纳米硫能更好地与电解液接触,在石墨烯的导电网络上增大了电化学反应面积,进而改善了该材料作为锂硫电池的实际放比电容量和倍率循环性能。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。