基于超顺排碳纳米管技术的冷阴极X射线管研制

冷阴极X射线管是静态CT系统的关键部件。自从超顺排碳纳米管阵列被发现后,其被用于X射线管中的研究就逐渐展开。通过设计一款新的X射线管结构并采用一套新的X射线管制备工艺开展了冷阴极X射线管研制工作。采用乙炔为碳源气,用化学气相沉积法,制备出超顺排碳纳米管阵列;然后将其作为电子源,研制了一种基于超顺排碳纳米管技术的冷阴极X射线管,并对其进行了性能测试。从绘制的I-V特性曲线分析,当栅极电压为2 373 V时,得到最大发射电流为5.0 mA;使用小孔成像法测得的X射线焦点尺寸为0.6 mm×1.6mm。在阳极高压130 k V以下,研制的X射线管工作稳定。本研究为研制脉冲X射线源以及静态CT安检系统奠定了基础。     

X射线在碳纳米管(绳)和Fullerites晶体内的传输

近年来发展起来的新毛细管光学聚焦元件由许多根弯曲的多層壁碳纳米管组成,能被用来产生高强度的nm级X射线微束.作为软X射线布拉格(Bragg)衍射传输的新元件,单層壁碳纳米管绳(超晶格结构的晶体)和Fullerites(C60分子晶体)已经引起了世界范围内的研究兴趣.本文介绍这方面的研究进展.     

数字化胸部X射线摄影中铜滤过对受检者辐射剂量的影响

采用西门子公司生产的数字化X射线透视摄影系统,在不同的附加铜滤过(0、0.1、0.2、0.3 mm)下,对不同厚度的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)模体进行胸部摄影。利用对比度噪声比评估不同附加铜滤过对图像质量的影响,同时使用辐射剂量仪记录不同铜滤过下的体表入射剂量,以探讨数字化胸部X射线摄影中,附加铜滤过对受检者体表入射...     

Enhanced field emission from nano-graphite coated carbon nanotubes

An effective method by low energy carbonhydrogen ion treatment to enhance field emission of the carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is demonstrated. Comparing with control, field emission (FE) currents of the CNTs by carbonhydrogen ion irradiation increased, and the turn-on field and the threshold field decreased significantly. The structure characteristic revealed by transmission electron microscopy demonstrates that CNTs are coated by nano-graphite particles after being treated with low energy carbonhydrogen ion and that there are large quantities of defects and grain boundaries in the coated layer. It is considered that the coating layer can decrease the effective surface work function of CNTs and correspondingly increase field emission. In addition, the defects, the grain boundaries and the C-H dipoles forming in the process of the low energy ions irradiation can effectively enhance the field emission.     

A microfocus X-ray tube based on a microstructured X-ray target

We present a novel concept to develop a microfocus X-ray tube based on a microstructured X-ray target that is irradiated with a nonfocused electron beam. X-ray emissions from the microstructured targets with various morphologies were studied using Monte-Carlo simulation code MCNP5. The calculations revealed that the microstructured targets are quite capable of minimizing the effective X-ray spot size compared with those of conventional transmission-type X-ray targets. Based on the simulation results of X-ray brightness, optimum geometric parameters were derived for the microstructured targets with different morphologies. Moreover, the stability of the microstructured target against heat loads delivered by an electron beam was also investigated under both the continuous and pulsed operation modes. From the analysis, the limitations of the maximum allowable electron beam currents for the stable operation of the X-ray targets are presented. The combination of the microstructured targets and nonfocused electron beam allows the miniaturization of a microfocus X-ray tube by eliminating the needs for massive and complex focusing devices.     

Control of vacuum arc source cathode spots contraction motion by changing electromagnetic field

This paper investigates the magnetic field component impact on cathode spots motion trajectory and the mechanism of periodic contraction.Electromagnetic coils and permanent magnets were installed at the different sides of cathode surface,the photographs of cathode spots motion trajectory were captured by a camera.Increasing the number of magnets and decreasing the distance between magnets and cathode both lead to enhancing cathode spots motion velocity.Radii of cathode spots trajectory decrease gradually with the increasing of electromagnetic coil's current,from 40 mm at 0 A to 10 mm at 2.7 A.Parallel magnetic field component intensity influence the speed of cathode spots rotate motion,and perpendicular magnetic field component drives spots drift in the radial direction.Cathode spot's radial drift is controlled by changing the location of the ‘zero line' where perpendicular magnetic component shifts direction and the radius of cathode spots trajectory almost equal to ‘zero line'.     

A novel X-ray tube spectra reconstruction method based on transmission measurements

A novel X-ray tube spectrum reconstruction method has been proposed based on transmission measurements. Aluminum bars of varying lengths attenuate the X-rays to different levels. The detectors are of lutetium yttrium oxyorthosilicate scintillator and silicon photomultiplier. With the detected X-ray intensities, the X-ray spectrum is unfolded using the least square method. The detectors, aluminum bars, and collimating apertures are integrated in a detection module made of lead. Its response to X-ray is calculated by Monte Carlo codes Geant4. Due to the high photon flux, the detectors work in current mode.The electronics system, consisting of 24-bit high-precision ADCs with 144 KSPS sampling rate and field programmable gate array, makes the data acquisition process effective and precise. Measurements on a 70-k Vp tungsten anode X-ray were taken to verify the method. The unfolded spectrum agrees well with the simulated spectrum,demonstrating that the method is reliable and practical.     

碳纳米管光场致发射新型电子枪的初步方案设计

本文给出了一种基于碳纳米管光场致发射机制的新型电子枪的设计方案.该电子枪的枪体采用Pierce枪结构,加200kV直流高压,阴极材料为碳纳米管,驱动激光波长800-850 nm,脉冲峰值电流为6A,平均电流为12mA.与传统的光阴极电子枪相比,这种基于碳纳米管光场致发射机制的新型电子枪具有结构简单、量子效率高等优点.此外,本文还介绍了正在搭建的该电子枪实验平台.电子枪的性能,特别是阴极寿命和量子效率将在实验深入研究.     

Dynamic interactions of fast ions with carbon nanotubes

We used the hydrodynamic model to describe the dielectric response of a multi-walled carbon nanotube to a fast point charge moving paraxially, either inside or outside the nanotube. Calculations are performed for a two-walled nanotube, giving rise to a splitting of the plasmon frequencies due to the interaction between the electron fluids on the two cylinders. The dependences of the projectile stopping power and the self-energy (image potential) on the velocity and the distance from the nanotube axis show interesting features when the projectile velocity matches the phase velocity of the plasmon mode with a quasi-linear dispersion.     

Development of a new X-ray source using backscattered X-ray with the use of a cold cathode

The development of an intense X-ray source using backscattered X-ray produced using an advanced electrode configuration is described. The electrodes were composed of field emitters deposited on a wire mounted on a perforated plate as the cathode and a copper plate as the anode. Electrons from these emitters collided with the copper plate and X-ray was generated at collision points. The backscattered X-ray in the direction normal to the electron trajectory through a hole in the anode escaped from the vacuum chamber through a beryllium window. Continuous and characteristic X-rays were detected at an applied voltage lower than that of a conventional X-ray source from 3.0 to 9.4 kV, respectively. Moreover, the X-ray dosage measured with a survey meter reached 0.95 mSv/h at 5.0 kV of applied voltage. The transmission images of three types of material used as an X-ray source for the X-ray imaging system indicate three advantages; low power consumption, focal point controllable by adjusting applied voltage, and photographable motion picture of X-ray transmission.     

冷轧低碳钢表面乳化斑迹的穆斯堡尔研究

测定了有乳化斑迹的冷轧低碳钢表面的内转换电子穆斯堡尔谱,分析了乳化斑的成分、相对含量及其形成的影响因素。     

X-ray micro-tomography studies on carbon based composite materials for porosity network characterization

Quantitative characterization of the porosity structure of the carbon reinforced carbon fibre (CFC) materials is carried out by high resolution cone-beam X-ray micro-tomography (CBμCT). It is shown that CBμCT provides useful information pertaining to the in-depth fuel migration into carbon tiles function of the CFC material structure. The investigated materials comprised two types of non-irradiated CFC samples (former ITER reference CFC NB31 and JET CFC DMS780) and a series of CFC N11 samples in the frame of the Deuterium Inventory in Tore Supra (DITS) post-mortem analysis. A procedure for the quantitative evaluation of the CFC porosity factor has been introduced and tested. Useful information about the pores connectivity as well as the metal impregnation inside the CFC macroscopic pores, in case of heat sink region of the TS CFC, can be retrieved. The method can be used for the quality control monitoring of the new CFC ITER reference materials.