化学镀锡钎料钎焊黄铜的接头组织和力学性能

采用化学镀方法在BAg45CuZn钎料表面镀覆微米锡层,并用镀锡银钎料以火焰钎焊工艺连接H62黄铜。借助金相显微镜、扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)分别分析锡化学镀层、H62黄铜钎焊接头的显微组织和物相,并利用万能拉伸机和SEM表征钎焊接头的抗拉强度和断口形貌。结果表明,锡化学镀层结晶晶粒呈现明显的(110)、(210)择优取向,化学镀锡银钎料连接的接头中母材与钎缝结合紧密,接头组织中富Cu相减少,出现Cu_5Zn_8化合物相。随着基体钎料表面镀锡含量升高,钎焊接头的抗拉强度呈现先升高后降低趋势。在化学镀锡含量为6.0%(质量分数)时,钎焊接头的抗拉强度为353MPa。镀锡前后钎焊接头的拉伸断口均呈现韧性断裂。     

电镀锡银钎料的均匀腐蚀性和抗氧化性分析

为了评价电镀锡银钎料的腐蚀行为和抗氧化性,采用3.5% NaCl水溶液评价其均匀腐蚀性,利用失重法、扫描电镜(SEM)及能谱分析仪(EDS)对钎料的腐蚀速率、腐蚀形貌及腐蚀物相进行观察分析. 结果表明,Sn元素含量为2.4%时,电镀锡银钎料是全面腐蚀兼不均匀的局部点腐蚀,主要是富铜相、CuZn相及少量银相被腐蚀;当Sn元素含量为4.8%时,钎料为均匀面腐蚀,主要是银相、AgSn相、富铜相被腐蚀;当Sn元素含量升高至6.0%时,钎料为面腐蚀,主要是AgSn相、CuSn相、银相被腐蚀. 镀锡前BAg50CuZn基体钎料主要是点腐蚀,镀锡后钎料主要是均匀腐蚀,随着Sn元素含量升高其耐蚀性降低. 经60 ℃的3.5% NaCl水溶液腐蚀80 h后,电镀锡银钎料的腐蚀速率介于0.6～0.75 mm/y之间,其耐腐蚀等级为2级. 随着Sn元素含量升高,电镀锡银钎料的抗氧化性下降,但不影响其使用性能.     

基于镀锡银钎料钎焊304不锈钢接头的腐蚀行为

为揭示304不锈钢钎焊接头的腐蚀行为,以BAg50CuZn钎料为基材,采用电镀扩散工艺制备AgCuZnSn钎料,对304不锈钢进行感应钎焊,在60 ℃,3.5% NaCl溶液中评价不锈钢接头的局部腐蚀性,借助扫描电镜对其腐蚀形貌进行分析. 结果表明,经NaCl溶液腐蚀后,钎缝与不锈钢界面出现较长的腐蚀沟;304不锈钢表面腐蚀较严重,存在大范围坑洞、裂纹等缺欠,而钎缝区几乎无腐蚀缺欠,优先被腐蚀的是富铜相. 随着腐蚀时间延长,钎缝和304不锈钢的腐蚀速率均呈现先升高后降低的趋势,钎缝腐蚀速率略低于母材;腐蚀2.5 h后,钎缝区和304不锈钢的平均腐蚀速率分别为0.098和0.104 g/(m2·h).     

钎料对电阻钎焊银触点强度及电阻的影响

研究了Ag25CuP和BAg45CuZn2种钎料对电阻钎焊触点的钎焊性能、结合强度及接触电阻的影响,试验表明,采用Ag25CuP钎料的钎焊时间稍短于BAg45CuZn,Ag25CuP钎料钎焊触点的强度和接触电阻均大于BAg45CuZn钎料钎焊的,钎着率对BAg45CuZn钎料钎焊触点的强度及电阻的影响大于Ag25CuP钎焊的触点。     

基于银合金先导润湿的铜磷钎料钎焊钢分析

基于低熔点合金先导润湿的原理,设计制备了一种表面覆盖低熔点银合金层的新型铜磷焊片.采用该焊片钎焊45碳钢,分析了界面反应机理及钎焊接头性能,并和使用普通铜磷焊片钎焊的碳钢接头进行了对比.结果表明,表面覆盖的低熔点银合金早于铜磷合金熔化润湿碳钢基体,并形成反应层,铜磷钎料熔化后与银合金层反应熔合,冷却后形成良好的冶金连接;与使用铜磷钎料直接钎焊的接头相比,银合金先导润湿钎焊的铜磷/碳钢界面化合物层厚度明显减小,抗剪强度超过160 MPa,断裂发生在靠近连接界面的钎焊材料内部,接头强韧性显著改善.     

化学镀锡层对BAg35CuZnSn钎料润湿性的影响

将化学镀技术用于钎焊材料领域,以BAg35CuZnSn钎料为研究对象,在其表面化学镀覆金属锡层,研究化学镀施镀时间、加热温度、保温时间对BAg35CuZnSn钎料润湿性的影响。结果表明,微米锡化学镀层可改善AgCuZnSn钎料的润湿铺展性能;随着施镀时间延长,钎料的润湿铺展面积逐渐增大;随着加热温度升高,保温时间增加,BAg35CuZnSn钎料的润湿铺展面积先增大后减小。在施镀时间为10 min、加热温度为820℃、保温时间为35s时,BAg35CuZnSn钎料的润湿性较好,此时其润湿铺展面积为460mm~2。     

制冷行业用新型银钎料火焰钎焊H62黄铜的接头组织和性能

以BAg45Cu Zn钎料为基体,在其表面化学镀锡,用于H62黄铜的火焰钎焊连接。借助扫描电镜(SEM)分析H62黄铜钎焊接头的微观组织,并利用万能试验机测试钎焊接头的抗拉强度。结果表明,钎料表面化学镀锡后,母材与钎缝结合紧密,钎焊接头组织主要由富Cu相、Ag相、Cu Zn和Cu5Zn8化合物相组成。随着镀锡含量的升高,钎焊接头抗拉强度逐渐增高。在Sn含量为2.5%时,钎焊接头抗拉强度最高为352 MPa。     

低熔合金粉末对药芯银钎料钎焊过程的影响

为克服高锡含量的AgCuZnSn钎料因脆性大而难以加工成形的问题,借鉴药芯焊丝的理念,设计了添加CuSn合金粉粉芯的复合药芯银钎料,研究了粉芯中添加质量分数30%～70%Cu60Sn40合金粉对药芯银钎料的润湿性、紫铜/Q235钢钎焊接头组织、界面显微硬度及抗拉强度的影响。结果表明,钎焊过程中芯部CuSn合金粉和外层BAg30CuZnSn原位反应合成高锡含量的AgCuZnSn钎料,获得了成分均匀,结合良好的接头。随着药芯粉芯中合金粉含量的升高,复合药芯银钎料在紫铜板及Q235钢板上的润湿面积不断增大,Cu/Q235钢钎焊接头显微硬度不断升高,抗拉强度呈现先升高后降低的趋势。当药芯粉芯中CuSn合金粉的质量分数为30%时,Cu/Q235钢钎焊接头的抗拉强度取得最大值(198.91 MPa),提高了23.4%。     

无银、低银含磷钎料的加工技术

含P铜基钎料具有良好的流动性,当有适量Ag存在时,钎料具有更好的润湿性,钎料的强度和塑性更好,该文探讨了其加工技术的主要环节.     

PdNi-Cr-V钎料钎焊SiC陶瓷的接头组织及性能

采用座滴法研究了PdNi-Cr-V合金钎料对SiC陶瓷的润湿性.设计的PdNi-(16-22)Cr-(7-21)V-Si-B(质量分数)钎料可用于SiC的连接,使用急冷态箔状钎料,在1190℃/10 min的连接条件下得到的接头室温三点抗弯强度平均值为84.6 MPa.微观分析表明,在靠近SiC的界面反应层中,主要是Pd和Ni优先与SiC反应生成相应的Pd-Si相、Ni-Si相和石墨;离SiC稍远的接头区域,主要是Cr和V与C和Si发生反应,生成Cr(V)-C,Cr(V)-Si,Cr(V)5Si3C等相;钎缝中心区的基体由Pd-Si,Ni-Si和V-Si相组成,其上弥散分布着块状碳化物V2C和Cr23C6.     

锌合金火焰钎焊用钎料研究

以4种钎料对ZAT10锌合金进行了火焰钎焊。通过研究4种钎料的熔化温度、浸润性能、钎焊接头力学性能和钎缝气孔率,从中选取综合性能较优的SnZn-1钎料;采用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线能谱仪(EDS)进一步研究了该钎焊接头的组织和成分。研究结果表明, SnZn-1钎焊接头的抗拉强度高达62 MPa、气孔率约为10%,钎缝界面区组织大部分是均匀的等轴晶组织,且发生了钎料和母材的相互溶解和扩散,从而获得优质的钎焊接头。     

钎焊过程原位合成高强度银钎料

AgCuZnSn合金具备高强度、成分无害化的优势,在绿色制造中应用前景广阔,但Sn元素的加入导致的成形性能下降,限制了其使用. 为克服该不足,设计了一种使用AgCuZn/ZnCuAgSn/AgCuZn复合焊片在钎焊过程中原位合成AgCuZnSn高强钎料的方法,采用的复合钎焊片外层为AgCuZn低熔合金,内层为ZnCuAgSn合金,二者熔点接近且内层合金低于合成后钎料熔点,复合钎料的加工性优于同成分的AgCuZnSn钎料. 使用复合钎焊片进行了感应钎焊不锈钢试验. 结果表明,钎焊过程中两种合金几乎同时熔化,经瞬间保温后可充分熔合,获得高强度钎缝,采用该工艺获得的接头强度高于常规钎焊连接强度.     

珩磨工具用中温钎焊材料的研制

针对目前珩磨条钎焊存在的问题,采用中温钎焊对珩磨工具进行了连接试验,对中温钎焊用钎料的化学成分进行了调整,测试了钎料的熔化温度、钎料对珩磨条的润湿性以及钎焊接头的抗拉强度,并比较了不同钎料钎焊后珩磨工具的变形量.研究表明:中温钎焊工艺变形小,强度较高,是珩磨条连接的可行方式.     

Development of Ag based brazing filler metal with low melting point

Abstract

This study was carried out to develop cadmium free silver based brazing filler metals that meet the following requirements. First, they have to have a melting point lower than that of BAg-1 brazing filler metal. Second, they have to have not only good wetting characteristics and the ability to produce a sound joint with excellent mechanical properties but also plastic formability. Using the calculated phase diagrams on Ag–Cu–Zn–Sn quaternary system alloys, the authors selected several alloys with a possibility of meeting the above requirements. The melting point and other properties, such as hardness and brazeability of the selected alloys, were evaluated. As a result, the authors successfully developed silver based brazing filler metals that have a low melting point below ～600°C and meet the above requirements by adding a small amount of indium as an alloying element into the Ag–Cu–Zn–Sn quaternary system alloy. The newly developed brazing filler metals are slightly inferior in wetting characteristics to BAg-1; however, the brazing filler metal containing ～3 mass-% indium element showed wetting characteristics comparable to those of BAg-1. Furthermore, the new brazing filler metals could produce joints with a high tensile strength equivalent to ～83% of that of a joint brazed using BAg-1.     

微米锡刷镀层对AgCuZnSn钎料性能的影响

以BAg34CuZnSn钎料为研究对象,在其表面刷镀微米锡层,利用SEM和XRD表征锡刷镀层的组织和结晶取向,采用差热分析仪(DSC)、润湿试验炉、万能拉伸试验机分析刷镀锡含量对钎料熔化温度、润湿性、抗拉强度的影响,并对刷镀锡后钎料的电阻率和断后伸长率进行了讨论. 结果表明,BAg34CuZnSn钎料表面微米锡刷镀层平整、致密,孔隙率小,结晶晶粒呈现明显的(200),(112)择优取向. 随着钎料表面刷镀锡含量升高,AgCuZnSn钎料的DSC吸热峰向左偏移、熔化温度逐渐降低,钎料润湿面积和断后伸长率呈上升趋势,而钎料的抗拉强度和电阻率逐渐下降. 在刷镀锡含量为2.0%时,钎料的润湿面积和断后伸长率最大,而钎料熔化温度、抗拉强度和电阻率最低.     

New filler metal systems for the brazing of titanium alloys

It’s well known welding takes the leading role in development of titanium structures. However, in number of cases technological processes of brazing are more appropriate and, sometimes, being the single possible, in particular, during production of multilayer thin-wall structures. It should be noted that brazing filler metals of Ti-Cu-Ni, Ti-Zr-Cu-Ni, Zr-Ti-Ni and Cu-Zr-Ti systems in a form of plastic foils, as well as in powder form are mainly used in world practice for brazing of titanium alloys. Present work provides the results of complex investigations of brazing filler metals of Ti-Zr-Fe, Ti-Zr-Mn and Ti-Zr-Co systems using differential thermal analysis, light and scanning microscopy, X-ray microspectrum analysis. Data on melting ranges of pilot alloys were obtained, and liquidus surfaces of given systems using simplex-lattice method were build. Brazing filler metals covering brazing temperature range of current structural titanium materials based on solid solutions as well as intermetallics were proposed. Structure, chemical inhomogeniety and strength characteristics of brazed joints were studied. It is determined that brazing of solid solution based alloys (OT4, VT6) using indicated brazing filler metals ensures strength characteristics of joints, which are not inferior to that obtained with application of known brazing filler metals even if they are received at lower brazing temperature.     

New Ti-Zr-Cu-Ni-La system brazing filler metals for the joining of titanium alloy

In order to research the influence of Zr content (below 15 wt.%) on the properties of the filler metal. Ti-5Zr-15Cu-15Ni-La, Ti-10Zr-15Cu-15Ni-La and Ti-15Zr-15Cu-15Ni-La filler metals were prepared. The wettability of the filler metals on Ti-6Al-4V was evaluated and the melting temperatures of the filler metals were tested by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The microstructures and mechanical properties of the brazed joints were investigated. The results show that the wettability of the filler metals improves as the Zr content increases. Zr content has great influence on the melting temperature of the filler metals. When Zr content changes from 5 wt.% to 10 wt.% and 15 wt.%, the melting temperature decreases about 80℃. The brazed joint with Ti-5Zr-15Cu-15Ni-La filler metal shows aciculate phase on the interface. The brazed joints with Ti-10Zr-15Cu-15Ni-La and Ti-15Zr-15Cu-15Ni-La filler metals consist of three zones, a segregated center zone, diffusion reaction zone and acicular zone. The brazed joint with Ti-5Zr-15Cu-15Ni-La filler metal achieves the maximum shear strength 313.9MPa.     

Ag-Cu-Ti钎料高频感应钎焊TiAl/40Cr

采用高频感应加热的方式 ,在Ar气保护条件下 ,用Ag -Cu -Ti钎料实现了TiAl基合金与 4 0Cr钢的钎焊连接 ;采用扫描电镜、电子探针、X射线衍射分析等手段对断口、界面、生成相进行了分析 ,并且测试了接头的抗拉强度。结果表明 ,在界面上有Ti(CuAl) 2 、Ag[s,s]、TiC等反应相生成 ,典型接头界面结构为TiAl/Ti(CuAl) 2 +Ag[s ,s]/Ag[s,s]/TiC/ 4 0Cr) ;断裂位置及接头的抗拉强度随保温时间而变化 ;当钎焊连接温度为 114 3K ,保温时间 0 .9ks时接头抗拉强度值最高 ,达到 2 98MPa,断裂主要发生在Ti(CuAl) 2 层内部