2A12-T4/7A09-T6铝合金回填式搅拌摩擦点焊接头性能研究

采用机器人搅拌摩擦点焊设备对1.2 mm厚2A12-T4铝合金与4 mm厚7A09-T6铝合金板材进行回填式搅拌摩擦点焊试验,并对焊后试样进行X光检测、力学抗拉力检测,对焊点内部组织进行光学显微镜、扫描电镜观测。试验结果表明：当下扎/回填速率为30 mm/min时,试样抗拉力较低,当下扎/回填速率为40 mm/min、50 mm/min时,试样抗拉伸力较高,且随转速升高的变化趋势相近,试样最高抗拉力出现在转速2 100 r/min、速率40 mm/min时;焊点外缘结合区是材料结合最薄弱区域,若该区域表面出现缺陷,则焊点力学性能较差,该区域表面平整,则焊点力学性能高;试样断裂方式均为薄板一侧出现“穿孔”,焊点完整留在厚板一侧,断口断裂机制为韧性断裂、晶间滑移与脆性断裂相互作用的混合断裂。     

2A12-T4铝合金搅拌摩擦焊多区域疲劳裂纹扩展行为

疲劳裂纹扩展速率是材料内在组织性能的宏观外在表现,显微组织和残余应力对宏观疲劳裂纹的扩展有显著的影响.文中研究了2A12-T4铝合金搅拌摩擦焊不同区域的疲劳裂纹扩展速率.结果表明,在焊缝区域,由于搅拌针强烈的机械和焊接热作用,材料组织发生变化,并伴有残余应力的产生,导致不同区域裂纹的扩展速率存在明显差异.在低应力强度因...     

7A52铝合金厚板搅拌摩擦焊

采用搅拌摩擦焊方法对厚度为25 mm的7A52铝合金板进行了单道焊实验。结果表明:在焊接25 mm板时,工艺参数可调范围较窄,在旋转速度为1 500 r/min,且焊接速度为40 mm/min时,可以获得较好的焊接性能,抗拉强度可以达到330 MPa,延伸率可以达到9.6%;焊缝中存在3个组织变化区,其中焊核区内是细小均匀的等轴晶,平均晶粒大小在4μm左右;焊缝两侧热机影响区组织存在较大差异,前进侧为窄条状组织,回退侧为扁平块状组织;热影响区组织发生了回复、再结晶和粗化;焊缝显微硬度的最低值出现在前进侧,说明前进侧是焊缝的薄弱环节;厚板焊接时,沿板厚方向的热机作用梯度过大,造成焊缝金属难以获得优良焊接性能,这是厚板焊接较困难的原因。     

5A02铝合金搅拌摩擦焊焊接接头性能试验

5A02铝合金在一定的工艺参数下,以转速为800 r/min和焊速120 mm/min进行搅拌摩擦焊接,经试验测得接头的抗拉强度最高达到母材强度的91.21％,焊缝中无任何焊接缺陷,焊接接头完全能满足产品的技术要求.     

7A19铝合金搅拌摩擦焊组织性能分析

研究了不同焊接规范参数对退火态和T6态7A19铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头的金相组织、硬度分布及力学性能影响.结果表明,7A19铝合金的搅拌摩擦焊焊接性能良好.焊缝金相致密无缺陷,焊核区的微观组织是无方向性的、细小的等轴晶粒,热影响区晶粒被拉长.焊缝区硬度分布均匀,与母材相比没有明显的下降.热影响区是接头的脆弱区,接头拉伸强度随着焊接热输入的降低而增加.采用合适的焊接参数,7A19铝合金在退火态下进行焊接,接头效率能达到母材的89.6％,断后伸长率为8.7％;在T6态下进行焊接,接头效率能达到母材的85％,断后伸长率为6.7％.     

摩擦搅拌焊6061-T6铝合金焊接接头的组织与性能

采用搅拌摩擦焊对6mm厚度的6061-T6铝合金进行单道平板对接焊,研究了焊接接头的力学性能和组织.结果表明,转速较小时,焊接接头会出现明显的搅拌摩擦焊接特有的“螺旋体”断口,其接头性能不高;随着转速的提高,接头性能得到改善.X射线衍射分析结果表明,焊缝组织中由于搅拌温度而引起部分强化相的重溶.透射电镜的研究结果表明,焊缝中的主要增强相依然为β”.     

铝合金搅拌摩擦焊焊接缺陷分析

采用搅拌摩擦焊方法对6mm厚的2A12及3A21铝合金进行焊接。对其焊接速度、旋转速度及压入量等工艺参数选择不当所产生的接头缺陷进行了分析；焊接缺陷的产生与焊接热输入及焊缝塑性金属的软化相关。当热输入不足或者塑性金属的软化程度较差时都会导致焊接缺陷的形成。     

铝合金搅拌摩擦焊焊接缺陷分析

采用搅拌摩擦焊方法对6mm厚的2A12及3A21铝合金进行焊接。对其焊接速度、旋转速度及压入量等工艺参数选择不当所产生的接头缺陷进行了分析;焊接缺陷的产生与焊接热输入及焊缝塑性金属的软化相关。当热输入不足或者塑性金属的软化程度较差时都会导致焊接缺陷的形成。     

7050-T7451铝合金搅拌摩擦焊组织及性能分析

在不同的焊接工艺参数下对8mm厚的7050-T7451锚合金板进行 了搅拌摩擦焊接实验通过对焊接接头组织的分析,发现焊核区晶粒为明显的细化再结晶等轴晶;热机影响区晶粒沿流线方向拉长且有细小沉淀相在晶界上析出;热影响区的组织发生了晶粒粗化.沿焊缝横截面的显微硬度分布呈高-低-高-低-高的趋势,硬度最低处位于后退侧的热影响区.实验结果表明,在旋转速度为375r/min、焊接速度为100mm/min时,可以获得较好的焊缝组织织,抗拉强度达到了 452MPa.     

2A12铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接过程中接头组织与焊接工艺的关系

利用搅拌摩擦焊接方法对2A12铝合金板材进行了焊接试验，探讨了搅拌头的设计参数、焊接过程的工艺参数等对2A12铝合金板材焊接接头组织的影响。经过试验得知，在焊接时，搅拌头转速可为750r／min～1180r／min，走动速度为23．5mm／min～30mm／min，皆可获得接头性能尚可的焊接接头。同时发现焊接区的硬度约为母材硬度的70％。搅拌头长度略小于焊接板材厚度时仍可能使板材焊透。采用带有螺纹的搅拌头进行焊接对焊缝孔洞的形成有一定影响。     

6061-T6铝合金微搅拌摩擦焊工艺

以0.8 mm厚6061铝合金微搅拌摩擦焊对接过程为研究对象,采用专用搅拌工具,通过温度场模拟进行工艺参数预选,研究了无倾角微搅拌摩擦焊的工艺参数对接头力学性能的影响,确定了与所设计微搅拌工具相匹配的工艺参数窗口;并采用光学显微镜、SEM扫描电镜对接头的微观组织、断口的形貌进行观察. 结果表明,在焊接速度为300 mm/min、转速14 000 ~ 24 000 r/min时,可以获得力学性能优越的焊接接头,抗拉强度均可达母材的70%以上;微搅拌摩擦焊缝微观组织的热影响区与传统搅拌摩擦焊相比,仅部分晶粒发生长大,仍有部分晶粒与基体保持一致无明显变化.     

焊后热处理对2219-T6铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头力学性能的影响

采用搅拌摩擦焊方法对2219-T6铝合金进行焊接,对焊接接头的宏观形貌、显微组织、拉伸强度、显微硬度进行了分析。结果表明,焊核区组织为细小的晶粒,热机影响区组织为弯曲变形的晶粒,热影响区组织出现了明显粗化。接头室温拉伸强度可以达到母材的75%左右,接头强度低于母材的原因主要归结为金属的塑性损伤、缺陷的产生和热影响区的软化。通过固溶及时效方法并兼顾再结晶过程的热处理工艺可以回复接头塑性、消除软化,达到改善接头性能的目的。     

Themo-mechanical and microstructural modeling of friction stir welding of 6111-T4 aluminum alloys

Plastic deformation and thermal history as well as microstructure evolution of friction stir welded 6111-T4 aluminum alloys were numerically simulated. Material and heat flow during friction stir welding were calculated considering the momentum balance equation and energy balance equation under the steady state condition. Based on the calculated temperature history, the coupled nucleation, growth, and coarsening of precipitates were simulated using microstructural modeling, as proposed by Myhr et al. [7,8]. Finally, the distribution of precipitates was used to calculate the mechanical properties of the weld zone, particularly the yield stress, based on the dislocation theory. The results compared well with the measurements, suggesting that the method can be applicable to predict yield stress.     

7N01铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头力学性能

研究了在不同焊接参数的条件下,7N01铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头的力学性能.结果表明,在特定的旋转频率和前进速度匹配条件下,下压量在0.3～1.0 mm范围波动,7N01铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头的抗拉强度均能够稳定在340 MPa以上,达到母材的80%左右.通过扫描电镜观察断口发现,搅拌摩擦焊接头断口以韧窝型为主,在低倍下部分断口呈现出明显的分层现象,两层间分界部分呈现出阶梯状形貌.接头硬度测试表明,后退侧的平均硬度略高于前进侧,这也与拉伸测试中接头普遍断于前进侧的现象吻合.     

Comparison of 2A12 aluminium alloy joint by ultrasonic assisted friction stir welding and friction stir welding

Ultrasonic assisted friction stir welding （UAFSW） is a recent modification of conventional friction stir welding, which adds ultrasonic energy directly into the friction stir welding area by the pin. In this study, 2A12 aluminum alloy was welded by this process and conventional, respectively. The tensile tests, microstructure and fracture surface of FSW joint and UAFSW joint were analyzed. The research results show that the surface forming texture of ultrasonic assisted friction stir welding joint, compared with conventional, is finer and more uniform, showing metallic matte color. The grains are much finer in weld nugget zone, thermo-mechanically affected zone and heat-affected zone; S-phase particles size is much smaller and distribution is more homogeneous in the matrix. The tensile strength of UAFSW joint is 94. 13% of base metal, and the elongation is 11.77%. The tensile strength of FSW joint is 83.15% of base metal, and the elongation is 8.81%. The tests results reveal that ultrasonic vibration can improve the tensile strength and the elongation of welded joints.     

2A14-T6铝合金双轴肩搅拌摩擦焊特征及接头组织性能分析

成功实现了2A14-T6高强铝合金的双轴肩搅拌摩擦焊,获得了表面成形良好,无内部缺陷的优质接头. 试验发现,在焊缝的焊核内存在一个由上、下轴肩和搅拌针所驱动的材料塑性流动交汇区,该交汇区靠近焊缝下表面. 微观分析表明,焊核上部的晶粒尺寸要小于其中部和下部的晶粒尺寸. 焊缝各区的块状第二相在焊接中发生了溶解和粗化,导致接头内出现了宽度近乎轴肩直径二倍的软化区;焊缝各层硬度分布接近,没有出现常规搅拌摩擦焊中常见的接头各层异性现象. 经拉伸测试证实,双轴肩焊接接头的强度系数达到了71%,拉伸时断在了焊核内的材料流动交汇区处.     

Modeling friction stir welding process of aluminum alloys

The friction stir welding (FSW) process of aluminum alloys has been modeled using a two-dimensional Eulerian formulation. Velocity field and temperature distribution are strongly coupled and solved together using a standard finite element scheme. A scalar state variable for hardening is also integrated using a streamline integration method along streamlines. A viscoplastic constitutive equation to consider plastic flow and strength variations was implemented for the process modeling. Precipitates inside AA6061 alloys are sensitive to elevated temperatures and affect strength evolution with temperature. The overall effects of the precipitate variations with temperature on strength were reflected using temperature-dependent material parameters. The material parameters of constitutive equations were obtained from isothermal compression tests of various temperatures and strain rates. The effects of FSW process conditions on heating and hardening were investigated mainly near the tool pin. The microhardness distribution of the weld zone was compared with the prediction of strength. In addition, crystallographic texture evolutions were also predicted and compared with the experimental results.     

Characterization of aluminum/steel lap joint by friction stir welding

The welding of a lap joint of a commercially pure aluminum plate to a low carbon steel plate (i.e., Al plate top, and steel plate bottom) was produced by friction stir welding using various rotations and traveling speeds of the tool to investigate the effects of the welding parameters on the joint strength. The joint strength depended strongly on the depth of the pin tip relative to the steel surface; when the pin depth did not reach the steel surface, the joint failed under low applied loads. Meanwhile, slight penetration of the pin tip to the steel surface significantly increased the joint strength. The joint strength tended to increase with rotationspeed and slightly decrease with the increase in the traveling speed, although the results were quite scattered. The effects of the welding parameters were discussed metallographically based on observations with optical and scanning electron microscopes.     

异种搅拌摩擦焊AA5083-H111和AA6351-T6铝合金的力学和冶金性能(英文)

研究异种搅拌摩擦焊AA5083-H111和AA6351-T6铝合金的微观结构和力学性能。在3种不同的焊接速度(36、63、90 mm/min)下焊接AA5083-H111和AA6351-T6铝合金,分析焊接速度对接头力学和冶金性能的影响。结构表明,与其他焊接速度相比,焊接速度为63 mm/min时接头的力学性能和冶金性能较好。焊缝区由未混合区、机械混合区和混流区组成。所观察到的断裂模式为韧性纤维断裂。     

焊接速度对高强铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头组织及力学性能的影响

焊接速度对搅拌摩擦焊接头内焊核区、热机影响区和热影响区组织和晶界沉淀相均有较大的影响。随着焊接速度的提高,焊核区和热影响区内的晶粒尺寸和沉淀颗粒大小、分布密度变化均较大;热机影响区内组织的变形程度变化明显。组织和力学性能综合分析表明,控制焊接速度。获得优良的焊核区组织有利于提高接头的力学性能。性能测试结果表明,焊接速度v=37．5mm／min时,2Al2CZ铝合金接头强度达到最大值(331MPa)。