大豆多肽复合酶解及脱色工艺条件优化的研究

以大豆蛋白为原料,采用2709蛋白酶和木瓜蛋白酶双酶水解大豆多肽,通过正交试验优化试验条件,确定了双酶复合酶解的最佳酶解工艺条件和最佳脱色条件.应用超滤技术对大豆多肽进行分离,经干燥得到粉末状多肽产品,得率为76.5%.     

大豆多肽复合酶解及脱色工艺条件优化的研究

以大豆蛋白为原料，采用2709蛋白酶和木瓜蛋白酶双酶水解大豆多肽，通过正交试验优化试验条件．确定了双酶复合酶解的最佳酶解工艺条件和最佳脱色条件。应用超滤技术对大豆多肽进行分离，经干燥得到粉末状多肽产品，得率为76．5％。     

大豆多肽复合酶解工艺条件研究

以大豆分离蛋白为原料,经蛋白酶酶解、分离、提纯可以制得大豆多肽。试验采用复合酶解法结合正交试验分析,确定大豆蛋白复合酶解的最佳工艺条件为:三酶复合蛋白酶(由中性蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶和菠萝蛋白酶以1∶2∶Z的比例复合而成)、底物浓度4%、pH7.0、酶解时间9h、大豆蛋白酶水解度(DH)84.40%。     

大豆多肽复合酶解工艺条件优化的研究

以大豆蛋白为原料,采用 Protamex 与 Neutrase 两种蛋白酶酶解,得到小分子多肽(分子量≤2300),进行了两种酶的作用条件比较.采用新方法测定小分子多肽含量,通过正交试验对大豆多肽复合酶解工艺条件进行试验分析,确定了大豆蛋白复合酶解的最佳工艺条件为:Protamex 酶与Neutrase 酶的比例为 6:4,pH7.0,底物浓度为 5%,酶解时间为 8 h,温度为 60℃.为进一步水解制备小分子大豆肽的研究具有一定的参考意义.     

可食性果蔬膜包装材料研究进展

目的:为了研究双酶复合酶解大豆分离蛋白制备大豆肽的相对分子量分布及活性片段对实验性高血压大鼠的降压效果。方法:通过单因素实验优选,采取正交实验优化复合酶的酶解工艺,以酶解液对血管紧张素转换酶(ACE)抑制率为指标优选最佳工艺;通过超滤、纳滤后得到最佳分子量片段,应用左硝基精氨酸(L-NNA)诱导大鼠高血压模型,分别给予不同剂量的活性片段进行实验。结果:双酶复合酶解的最佳条件为:在料液比为1:20 g/mL的情况下,酶解温度50℃,酶底比3.0%,酶解pH7.0条件下先用菠萝蛋白酶酶解2 h后,再以酶底比4.0%加入胰蛋白酶,控制温度为40℃、酶解pH为8.0条件下酶解4 h,大豆分离蛋白的水解度35.31%。经过高效液相对酶解液的相对分子量分布得出,大豆分离蛋白原液含有的蛋白质及多肽的相对分子质量主要区间在5000~1.0×105 Da,在双酶复合酶解下,酶解液的蛋白质及多肽的相对分子质量主要区间均在500~4000 Da;通过超滤得出最佳活性片段为1000~3000 Da,药理实验表明,与模型对照组相比各组血压均有降低,且大豆肽剂量组有显著性差异(p<0.05);其中大豆肽高剂量组和卡托普利组相当。结论:双酶复合酶解制备的大豆肽相对分子量较小,活性片段对高血压大鼠模型降压作用显著。     

酶法制备大豆肽的相对分子量分布及降压作用研究

目的:为了研究双酶复合酶解大豆分离蛋白制备大豆肽的相对分子量分布及活性片段对实验性高血压大鼠的降压效果。方法:通过单因素实验优选,采取正交实验优化复合酶的酶解工艺,以酶解液对血管紧张素转换酶(ACE)抑制率为指标优选最佳工艺;通过超滤、纳滤后得到最佳分子量片段,应用左硝基精氨酸(L-NNA)诱导大鼠高血压模型,分别给予不同剂量的活性片段进行实验。结果:双酶复合酶解的最佳条件为:在料液比为1:20 g/mL的情况下,酶解温度50℃,酶底比3.0%,酶解pH7.0条件下先用菠萝蛋白酶酶解2 h后,再以酶底比4.0%加入胰蛋白酶,控制温度为40℃、酶解pH为8.0条件下酶解4 h,大豆分离蛋白的水解度35.31%。经过高效液相对酶解液的相对分子量分布得出,大豆分离蛋白原液含有的蛋白质及多肽的相对分子质量主要区间在5000~1.0×105 Da,在双酶复合酶解下,酶解液的蛋白质及多肽的相对分子质量主要区间均在500~4000 Da;通过超滤得出最佳活性片段为1000~3000 Da,药理实验表明,与模型对照组相比各组血压均有降低,且大豆肽剂量组有显著性差异(p<0.05);其中大豆肽高剂量组和卡托普利组相当。结论:双酶复合酶解制备的大豆肽相对分子量较小,活性片段对高血压大鼠模型降压作用显著。     

超声辅助复合酶酶解制备大豆多肽工艺的优化

以大豆分离蛋白为原料,采用超声辅助复合酶酶解制备大豆多肽,以单因素实验为基础,选择复合酶添加量、酶解时间、酶解温度以及酶解p H为自变量,大豆多肽得率为响应值,采用响应面分析法研究各自变量及其交互作用对大豆多肽得率的影响,并对大豆多肽的相对分子质量分布进行测定。结果表明,影响大豆多肽得率的各因素强弱顺序为:酶解温度复合酶添加量酶解时间酶解p H;超声辅助复合酶酶解制备大豆多肽的最佳工艺条件为超声功率180 W、超声时间10 min、超声温度35℃、碱性蛋白酶与中性蛋白酶质量比3∶1、复合酶添加量2.04%、酶解时间4.0 h、酶解温度59℃、酶解p H 8.0,在此条件下大豆多肽得率为63.27%,相对分子质量大部分集中在1 000以下。     

大豆浓缩蛋白制备大豆多肽的研究

本文以大豆浓缩蛋白为底物,采取纤维素酶与蛋白酶分步复合酶解法制取大豆多肽。经2%纤维素酶酶解,以高温高压作为预处理方法,碱性酶、中性酶、风味酶质量百分比例为3:1:1,pH为7.5,底物浓度为8%,酶解时间为5 h,经超滤后喷雾干燥,得到的大豆多肽粉末其大豆多肽含量为98.5%,相对分子质量≤3286,总氮含量为82.1%。     

利用猪血粉制备多肽的工艺研究

以猪血粉为原料,探讨了脱色、脱盐和超滤工艺对制备猪血多肽的影响。结果表明,猪血粉酶解液脱色处理的优化工艺参数为:粉末活性炭用量2.0%,pH5.0,脱色温度50℃,脱色时间1.5 h。脱色后的猪血粉酶解液经离子交换树脂层析除盐的最佳流速为10倍柱体积/h。经过超滤分离,得到了4个分子质量段的猪血多肽,74.76%的肽集中于1～5 ku。     

复合酶解可溶性蛋膜蛋白制备多肽的工艺优化

为研究蛋膜蛋白的利用,采用碱性蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶及胃蛋白酶进行单一酶解筛选实验,然后进行复合酶解实验。采用二次正交旋转组合设计,以水解度、氮收率为指标,研究酶制剂种类、加酶方式、复合酶比例、总加酶量、酶解时间、pH 值及温度对制备多肽工艺的影响。综合考虑水解度和氮收率因素,最终确定复合酶解可溶性蛋膜蛋白制备多肽的最佳工艺条件为：总加酶量16000U/g,并以碱性蛋白酶与木瓜蛋白酶的酶活力配比为8:2 先后加入;酶解时间为碱性蛋白酶2h、木瓜蛋白酶1h;pH 值为碱性蛋白酶9.0、木瓜蛋白酶5.5;酶解温度为50℃。该条件下制备的蛋膜蛋白酶解产物水解度和氮收率分别为46.12%、85.56%。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the