采用反重力渗流法制备开孔泡沫铝(英文)

采用一套新颖的反重力渗流装置制备开孔泡沫铝。研究表明,采用反重力渗流法所制备的泡沫铝,表现出优良的力学性能且几乎没有渗流不足与渗流过度的缺陷;泡沫铝中的空隙度对其力学性能的影响很大,泡沫铝的屈服应力与平台应力均随孔隙度的降低而升高;升高预热温度与保压压强可有效降低泡沫铝中的空隙度。     

Ti40合金热压缩变形过程的开裂行为研究

用渗流铸造法制备了3种特殊孔结构(宽孔径范围孔结构、层状梯度孔结构、层状周期孔结构)的Al-Si12泡沫,对其吸声性能进行了研究.结果表明,相同厚度下,层数多的层状梯度孔径结构泡沫铝的吸声性能优于层数少的梯度孔径结构泡沫铝;层数多的层状周期孔结构泡沫铝的吸声性能比层数少的周期孔结构泡沫铝的吸声性能略有提高;具有4层周期孔结构的Al-Si12泡沫铝样品具有较好的吸声性能,其平均吸声系数为0.82,比常规单一孔径结构的泡沫铝的平均吸声系数提高了0.21,其原因与扩张室结构、流阻及微型谐振腔有关.     

Defects in aluminum foam with superfine open-cell structure

The infiltration casting process for producing aluminum foam includes three steps： preparing precursor using NaCI particles, infiltrating molten aluminum and cleaning NaCI precursor. Defects occur during the preparation of aluminum foam with superfine open-cell structure, and influence the pore structure and performance of aluminum foam materials. The types of the defect and their forming mechanisms are analyzed in this paper. The defects include point defects and linear metal defects, and are caused by the defects in salt precursor and the insufficient infiltration of molten aluminum into precursor. With the choice of proper precursor preparation method and infiltration process parameters, the complete aluminum foam with superfine pores could be achieved.     

半精密铸造方法的探索与实践

为解决形状复杂、壁薄、尺寸小、表面质量要求高的铝合金铸件快速制作的问题,运用消失模铸造和石膏型铸造相结合的技术,通过实验开发了一种铝合金壳体铸件的半精密铸造工艺.基本方法是:先将泡沫模型组合造型,再以其为模样进行石膏型制作,然后用铝合金对石膏型浇注.结果表明,利用此法实现了对小型复杂薄壁铝合金铸件的半精密铸造.     

石膏型渗流法制备低密度开孔泡沫铝工艺研究

研究用可溶石膏型预制块制备低密度开孔泡沫铝的工艺。采用不同孔径的聚氨酯网状海绵为母体材料,用石膏粉、硫酸镁、铝矾土和水为配方制备石膏型预制块,并分析了硫酸镁和铝矾土的加入量对石膏型预制块可溶性和抗压强度的影响。通过加压渗流的方法制备出低密度的开孔泡沫铝,并对渗流参数的选择做出总结。结果表明：利用石膏型渗流法制得的开孔泡沫铝相对密度在0．1以下。     

Aluminum alloy foam core sandwich panels fabricated from die casting aluminum alloy by friction stir welding route

An aluminum foam sandwiches (AFSs) consisting of ADC12 Al–Si–Cu die casting aluminum alloy foam and ADC6 Al–Mg die casting aluminum alloy face plates were fabricated. Using ADC12 die casting plates containing large amounts of gases as the starting material of the foam, ADC12 foam can be fabricated without using a blowing agent. Using FSW, both the uniform dispersion of the segregated gases and pore stabilization powder in the ADC12 die casting plates used to fabricate a foamable ADC12 precursor and the bonding of the ADC12 precursor to the ADC6 plates can be simultaneously achieved. Namely, the AFS precursor is expected to be obtained in fewer processing steps. From the visual observation of the fabricated AFSs, no deformation of the ADC6 plates occurred and the ADC6 plates on both sides of the aluminum foam remained parallel. From the X-ray CT observation of the fabricated AFSs, good pore structures without the infiltration of ADC12 foam into the ADC6 plates can be obtained at a holding temperature of 948 K and holding times of t = 10 and 11 min. In tensile tests on the fabricated AFSs, fracture occurred in the ADC12 foam parts but no fractures were observed at the bonding interface between the ADC12 foam and the ADC6 plates, that is, good bonding was obtained between the ADC12 foam and the ADC6 plates.     

10%冷变形对7A85铝合金时效微观组织性能的影响

采用半连续铸造工艺制备了7A85铝合金铸锭、挤压工艺制备截面尺寸为50mm×300mm的挤压带板,并对挤压带板进行固溶处理、10%冷压缩处理以及120℃人工时效处理。通过TEM观察、力学性能测试等手段,研究了10%冷变形对7A85铝合金时效微观组织演变规律的影响。结果表明,固溶处理后,10%冷变形处理使合金中产生大量位错,从而提高了合金强度;时效初期,10%冷变形处理的7A85合金中析出相数量较未冷变形处理7A85合金明显增多,起到一定预时效作用;时效末期,10%冷变形处理的7A85铝合金析出相与位错数量均高于未冷变形处理的7A85铝合金,使得合金抗拉强度与屈服强度提升,而伸长率降低。     

汽车前桥的V法铸造工艺

介绍了汽车前桥的铸件结构和技术要求,详细阐述了该铸件的生产条件和铸造工艺:利用V法造型机造型,砂箱尺寸2 500 mm×1 800 mm×350/300 mm;采用开放式浇注系统,浇口比为ΣF直:ΣF横:ΣF内=1:1.75:7,最小截面积为9.6 cm2,冒口尺寸为φ80 mm;在砂箱的箱档上焊接支撑与吸气2个功能的支撑钢管,涂刷涂料前,对砂型表面的涂料进行烘干,造型时要保证型腔干净,防止中间披缝;浇注温度1 540~1 560℃,浇注时间25~30 s;保压15 min,保温缓冷1 h后开箱,浇注与造型过程真空度≥55 kPa。最终生产的铸件的表面粗糙度比树脂砂工艺生产的铸件高1~2级。     

基于模拟仿真的铝合金铸件热处理过程温度均匀性控制

为实现铝合金铸件热处理过程的温度场调控、减轻变形,采用数值模拟方法,研究了不同料架结构对铝合金铸件表面温度场及温度均匀性的影响。结果表明,模拟仿真能够实现热处理过程铸件表面温度场的准确模拟,同时,热处理料架对铸件表面温度场具有重要影响。针对铝合金舱体铸件,采用φ30mm小孔+φ600mm大孔的料架底板,铸件表面不同位置温度均匀性最好,温度误差在±5℃范围内。     

Sound absorption property of open-pore aluminum foams

The sound absorption property of aluminum foam was studied by testing its sound absorption coefficients using standing wave tube method. The open-pore aluminum foams were prepared by infiltration process, with pore size of 0.5 mm to 3.2 mm and porosity of 54.2% to 77%. The frequency of indicted sound wave was ranging from 125 Hz to 10 kHz. The results show that the average values of sound absorption coefficients are all over 0.4 and the aluminum foam has better sound absorption property, its coefficients is influenced by frequency and pore structure, and reaches the maximum at about 1 kHz, with increasing porosity and decreasing cell diameter the sound absorption coefficient values increase.     

海绵铝的熔模铸造法制备及其压缩性能强化研究

针对熔模铸造制备的高孔隙率开孔泡沫铝(海绵铝),通过前驱体海绵孔棱增粗来提高海绵铝的相对密度,并研究孔棱尺寸对其压缩性能的影响。结果发现,采用水性聚氨酯树脂能有效增粗聚氨酯海绵孔棱,制备出孔棱厚度为0.472~0.918mm,相对密度为0.027~0.164的海绵铝。单向压缩试验结果表明,孔棱增粗显著提高了海绵铝的强度,当孔棱厚度为0.918mm时,其密实化平台应力最大,为2.831MPa,密实化吸能最大,达到1.492MJ/m³。这是由于孔棱厚度增加,相对密度提高,从而提高了海绵铝的能量吸收能力。     

消失模发泡模具的快速制作实践

根据三维设计,用物体分层制造方法快速做出模具原型;基于模具原型,采用石膏型精密铸造制作出铝合金发泡模具。此研究可为消失模铸造快速提供中小型发泡模具及其聚苯乙烯泡沫模样。     

超声半连铸下7050合金大扁锭的微观组织及宏观偏析行为

在500mm×1320mm的7050铝合金扁锭铸造中引入超声外场,研究常规铸造与超声铸造下的微观组织形貌、分布和宏观偏析特征。结果表明,超声外场可以有效减小晶粒的尺寸、抑制组织中粗枝晶的产生并促进铸锭内组织的均匀分布;同时,加入超声场后,溶质元素Zn、Mg、Cu沿长度方向和宽度方向对称轴的偏析指数分别由0.1013、0.1117、0.1260和0.1119、0.1113、0.1281减小到0.0835、0.0790、0.1027和0.0743、0.0725、0.0841,沿铸锭不同方向的宏观偏析均得到有效弱化。超声的空化和声流作用改变液穴中的温度场和流场,改善晶体的形成环境,促进溶质元素的均匀分布,从而细化组织、弱化宏观偏析。     

发泡工艺参数对闭孔泡沫铝胞结构的影响

采用压缩空气法制备闭孔泡沫铝,研究空气流量、搅拌速度和发泡温度对胞结构的影响。结果表明泡沫铝的胞直径为4-11mm,密度为0.10-0.22g/cm3,孔隙率最高达96.3%;泡沫铝的胞直径随着空气流量和发泡温度的增大而增大,随搅拌速度的增大而减小,其中空气流量对胞直径的影响最显著;壁厚和结点尺寸随空气流量和搅拌速度的变化规律与胞直径相反;在相同的搅拌速度下,泡沫铝的密度随着胞直径的增大而减小且与胞直径存在对应关系,搅拌速度为600r/min时,关系式为ρ=0.0278 0.3602.e-0.132d。     

渗流法制备膨胀珍珠岩-泡沫铝复合材料的准静态压缩和弯曲性能研究

以膨胀珍珠岩和铝硅合金（AlSi12）为原料,采用渗流法制备膨胀珍珠岩-泡沫铝复合材料,研究该材料的压缩和弯曲性能,并在此基础上计算材料的吸能能力和吸能率。结果表明：该材料的抗压强度为26.21~29.60MPa,抗弯强度为22.16~34.83 MPa,最大吸收能量为23.06~34.31 MJ/m3,最大吸能率72.8%~77.2%;小粒径（2 mm）膨胀珍珠岩样品的综合力学性能优于大粒径（3 mm）膨胀珍珠岩样品。     

EFFECT OF LOW-FREQUENCY ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD ON THE AS-CASTING MICROSTRUCTURES AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF HDC 2024 ALUMINUM ALLOY

The influences of the low frequency electromagnetic field on the horizontal direct chill casting process were investigated experimentally. Ingots of 2024 aluminum alloy with a cross size of 40 mm× 200 mm were produced by the conventional horizontal chill casting process and low frequency electromagnetic horizontal chill casting processre- spectively. The as-cast structures and the mechanical property of the ingots were examined. The results showed that the low frequency electromagnetic field could sub- stantially refine the microstructures and pronouncedly reduce the macrosegregation in the horizontal direct chill casting process. Moreover, the surface quality of the ingot was prominently improved by the low frequency electromagnetic field. The fracture strength and elongation percentage of the ingot was increased with the low frequency electromagnetic field.     

球墨铸铁主传动器壳体消失模铸造工艺

介绍了用消失模工艺生产球墨铸铁主传动器壳体的工艺过程。为便于安装拆卸,铸件上下两段分开制作模具;采用阶梯式浇注系统,冒口为80mm长、50mm宽、90mm高的长方体;采用雨淋式加砂法,浇注时铸型抽成负压。试样检测结果:抗拉强度为462～487MPa,伸长率在12%～16%;基体中铁素体体积分数占95%左右,球化率达2～3级,满足铸件技术要求。     

型砂激冷能力对铝合金消失模铸件组织性能的影响

研究在消失模铸造条件下，不同激冷能力的型砂对铝合金铸件组织和性能的影响，采用阶梯泡沫模试样在石英砂、铬铁矿砂、锆英砂等3种激冷砂型中浇注试验。结果表明，锆英砂和铬铁矿砂具有较好的激冷效果，得到的铝合金铸件组织细小，强度、硬度有较大的提高，为薄壁随型、质量优异的铝合金消失模模具制造提供了技术依据。     

Comparison Through Image Analysis Between Al Foams Produced Using Two Different Methods

Several methods are available for making metal foams. They allow to tailor their mechanical, thermal, acoustic, and electrical properties for specific applications by varying the relative density as well as the cell size and morphology. Foams have a very heterogeneous structure so that their properties may show a large scatter. In this paper, an aluminum foam produced by means of foaming of powder compacts and another one prepared via the infiltration process were analyzed and compared. Image analysis has been used as a useful tool to determine size, morphology, and distribution of cells in both foams and to correlate cell morphology with the considered manufacturing process. The results highlighted that cell size and morphology are strictly dependent upon the manufacturing method. This paper shows how some standard 2D morphological indicators may be usefully adopted to characterize foams whose structure derives from the specific manufacturing process.     

利用负压消失模工艺生产机架铸件

介绍了机架铸件的铸件结构及技术要求,详细阐述了其工艺设计:采用底注、开放式浇注系统,浇口比为ΣF直:ΣF横:ΣF内=1:1.32:2,其中,直浇道截面尺寸为φ90 mm,横浇道截面尺寸为60 mm×70 mm,共2道,内浇道截面尺寸为25 mm×25 mm,共20道,在铸件关键部位设计一定数量尺寸为70 mm×70 mm的集渣包,浇注温度1 420±10℃,负压度0.4 MPa,保压时间15 min。为防止模样变形,采用竹木条拉筋粘接固定模样簇及消失模易变形的部位,通过设计使用一种中空芯铁填充物,有效降低该缺陷的发生几率。最终生产的铸件各项指标均符合技术要求,废品率由原来的80%降到20%以内,已达到批量生产状态。