大肠杆菌链长控制基因ddsA原位替换及多基因共表达对辅酶Q10合成能力的影响

目的 强化大肠杆菌合成辅酶Q10(CoQ10)的能力.方法 利用途径工程的基本原理,对大肠杆菌辅酶Q生物合成途径中链长控制基因ispB进行遗传操作,并强化表达该途径中多个功能基因.结果 首次成功用来自Gluconobacter suboxydans的十聚异戊二烯焦磷酸合成酶基因ddsA原位替换大肠杆菌染色体上ispB基因,构建得到原位替换株JKL;同时强化表达CoQ生物合成途径的相关基因,发现在ubiCA和ddsA协同表达的重组菌pDCA/JKL中CoQ的合成能力比JKL提高了2.3倍,CoQ10合成量提高了2.5倍.检测该重组菌中ubiA的转录水平,发现其mRNA相对拷贝数是对照JKL的125倍.结论 成功获得的重组大肠杆菌在降低内源性CoQ8合成能力的同时具备合成较长侧链CoQ10的能力,且通过强化表达相关基因使合成CoQ10的能力得到了提高.     

大肠杆菌链长控制基因ddsA原位替换及多基因共表达对辅酶Q_(10)合成能力的影响

目的强化大肠杆菌合成辅酶Q10(CoQ10)的能力。方法利用途径工程的基本原理,对大肠杆菌辅酶Q生物合成途径中链长控制基因ispB进行遗传操作,并强化表达该途径中多个功能基因。结果首次成功用来自Gluconobacter suboxydans的十聚异戊二烯焦磷酸合成酶基因ddsA原位替换大肠杆菌染色体上ispB基因,构建得到原位替换株JKL;同时强化表达CoQ生物合成途径的相关基因,发现在ubiCA和ddsA协同表达的重组菌pDCA/JKL中CoQ的合成能力比JKL提高了2.3倍,CoQ10合成量提高了2.5倍。检测该重组菌中ubiA的转录水平,发现其mRNA相对拷贝数是对照JKL的125倍。结论成功获得的重组大肠杆菌在降低内源性CoQ8合成能力的同时具备合成较长侧链CoQ10的能力,且通过强化表达相关基因使合成CoQ10的能力得到了提高。     

三孢布拉氏霉合成辅酶Q10及其代谢调控

对三孢布拉氏霉代谢产物的分析表明，该菌能够合成辅酶Q10，且正株合成辅酶Q10的能力高于负株。当正负菌株以5：1混合培养时，辅酶Q10产量最高。三孢布拉氏霉合成辅酶Q10是遵循经典的辅酶Q10生物合成途径的，本实验选育到具有L-甲硫氨酸和D-酪氨酸或对氨基苯丙氨酸双重抗性标记的突变菌各一株，其辅酶Q10产量较出发菌株分别提高了76．7％及94．2％。     

烟草茄尼醇生物合成基因

茄尼醇不仅是合成辅酶Q10和维生素K2等泛醌类药物的重要中间体,而且是卷烟烟气多环芳烃的重要前体物,对卷烟安全性有较大影响。综述了烟草茄尼醇生物合成途径及其关键酶基因的研究进展,展望了其在烟草医药价值开发和低危害烟草品种培育中的应用潜力。     

大肠杆菌ubiA过表达对CoQ产量的影响

旨在建立CoQ高产菌株。通过ubiA基因和pkk223-3质粒构建重组质粒,双酶切和测序验证;发酵ubiA基因过表达菌株,分析CoQ产量和种类变化;通过间歇补加PHBA次数、发酵时间、温度和溶氧量因素优化发酵工艺。结果表明,menA基因敲除菌株基础上,成功获得ubiA基因过表达菌株,CoQ产量增加约为95%,种类不变;补加pHBA3次,摇床175r/min,34℃发酵15h,CoQ合成达2.08mg/g,较原始菌株提高216%。首次获得ubiA过表达的menA敲除菌,结合发酵条件优化,改良株CoQ产量大幅提高,达到预期目标。     

苯丙氨酸生物合成的整体代谢网络调控基因的敲除

csrA基因产物是大肠杆茵芳香族氨基酸生物合成途径中碳中心代谢有关的一种全局性调控蛋白质.采用Red敲除系统介导的同源重组的方法定位缺失大肠杆茵染色体csrA基因,经PCR、DNA测序等多种方法证实了基因剔除的可靠性.csrA基因剔除后,大肠杆菌芳香族氨基酸生物合成中受csrA表达产物负调控的关键酶的酶活力有所提高,而正调控的关键酶基因活性降低,突变菌株发酵生产苯丙氨酸的能力提高近13％.     

脱羧酶基因ARO10的过量表达及其对Saccharomy cescerevisiae的β-苯乙醇合成代谢影响

为了验证脱羧酶在S.cerevisiaeβ-苯乙醇合成途径中的调控作用,本文从S.cerevisiae S288C中克隆脱羧酶基因ARO10,并构建由3-磷酸甘油酸激酶基因PGK1组成型强启动子控制的ARO10基因表达载体pYES2-Ppgk-ARO10,将重组载体导入S.cerevisiae S288C,研究ARO10基因过量表达对重组菌株中β-苯乙醇合成的影响。经摇瓶实验测定,携带pYES2-Ppgk-ARO10的转化子SP10在发酵60h时β-苯乙醇产量达到最大量1.0g/L,较野生型的对照菌提高16.3%。研究结果表明,脱羧酶是S.cerevisiae S288C中β-苯乙醇生物合成途径的关键酶之一,增加ARO10基因表达量有利于提高β-苯乙醇产量,研究为构建β-苯乙醇高产工程菌株奠定了重要基础。     

噬菌体基因Ⅴ蛋白基因的合成、重组表达及功能分析

目的:研究丝状噬菌体基因V蛋白(gene V protein,GVP)基因的合成、重组表达及其功能。方法:根据GVP的基因序列,选择大肠杆菌偏爱的密码子,设计合成了8个寡核苷酸片段,利用重叠延伸PCR合成GVP基因序列,将其与原核表达载体pET-28a-c(+)质粒重组,转化大肠杆菌,获得GVP蛋白阳性表达菌株,异丙基-β-D-硫代吡喃半乳糖苷(IPTG)诱导表达,产物经Ni+-NTA琼脂糖凝胶层析纯化,获得目的蛋白GVP,DNA结合实验检测其功能。结果:成功合成出GVP基因,重组体在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中诱导获得高效表达,DNA结合实验表明GVP与单链DNA间解离平衡常数Kd=7.27×10-5mol/L。结论:重组构建并高效表达的GVP蛋白具有较高单链DNA结合能力,可用于食品病原微生物特定单链DNA分子的浓缩和分离。     

大肠杆菌铁相关基因的调控对血红素合成的影响

血红素(heme)是一种金属卟啉化合物，在细胞中具有重要的生理功能，实际生产中应用广泛，目前对大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)血红素合成途径调控的研究主要集中在上游，而下游部分较少。为了研究下游途径的改造对大肠杆菌血红素合成的影响，对合成途径最后一步的相关基因进行了不同的表达调控。研究结果表明，在铁摄取调节子(ferric uptake regulator, Fur)基因fur缺失菌中过表达亚铁鳌合酶(ferrochelatase)基因hemH会抑制血红素的合成；而过表达染料脱色过氧化物酶(dye-decolorizing peroxidase)基因efeB可以缓解因fur缺失而造成的血红素含量下降；efeB和hemH基因的共表达则可以有效提高血红素的含量，达到出发菌株E.coli BL21的1.72倍。研究结果为提升大肠杆菌血红素含量的研究提供了一定的策略和理论依据。     

代谢工程改造大肠杆菌合成酪醇

酪醇是一种天然存在于橄榄油、酒及绿茶中的酚类化合物。由于酪醇具有抗炎症和抗氧化的生理活性,因此广泛应用于医药、化工等工业领域。传统的酪醇生产方法是化学合成法,但是这些方法存在着工艺复杂、得率低和环境污染等问题。另外,植物中较低的酪醇含量也限制了酪醇的分离纯化工艺研究。因此微生物发酵法生产酪醇研究越来越受到重视。通过在大肠杆菌内异源表达酿酒酵母中的丙酮酸脱羧酶基因ARO10,成功构建了合成酪醇的重组大肠杆菌。通过敲除预苯酸脱水酶编码基因pheA和苯乙醛脱氢酶编码基因feaB,提高了酪醇的合成能力。在最适的培养条件下,过表达ARO10基因的重组菌利用10 g/L葡萄糖作为碳源,发酵48 h酪醇产量可达4.15 mmol/L。研究发现,发酵培养基中外源添加酪氨酸能够提高重组大肠杆菌的酪醇合成能力。同时,研究还发现在大肠杆菌细胞中存在能够催化酪氨酸合成酪醇的前体物质4-羟基苯丙酮酸的酶。为工业水平微生物发酵法合成酪醇提供了思路。     

fps基因过量表达对烟叶类胡萝卜素生物合成的影响

为探索法呢基焦磷酸合酶(FPS)基因过量表达对烤烟叶片类胡萝卜素生物合成的影响,利用RT-PCR技术,比较了4个fps转基因株系(K4、K-6、K-17、K-35)及其非转基因对照中参与类胡萝卜素生物合成的关键酶基因的表达强度,并利用LC/MS技术,分析了叶片发育过程中类胡萝卜素及其各组分含量的变化规律.结果表明:外源fps在烟草中的过量表达,对烟叶类胡萝卜素合成相关基因Psy、Lycb皆有正向调节作用,但对Zds的表达影响不大;化学分析表明fps转基因烤烟株系中,总类胡萝卜素及其各组分的含量在叶片不同发育期均高于未转基因K326对照株系.说明外源fps基因在烟草中的过表达,对类胡萝卜素生物合成具有促进作用.     

Purification, characterization and gene cloning of thermostable O-acetyl-L-homoserine sulfhydrylase forming gamma-cyano-alpha-aminobutyric acid

A thermophilic and cyanide ion-tolerant bacterium, Bacillus stearothermophilus CN3 isolated from a hot spring in Japan, was found to produce thermostable gamma-cyano-alpha-aminobutyric acid synthase. The enzyme was purified and characterized. The purified enzyme has a molecular mass of approximately 180 kDa and consists of four identical subunits. It was stable in the pH range of 6.0 to 10.5 and up to 60 degrees C. The enzyme catalyzed the gamma-replacement reaction of O-acetyl-L-homo-serine with cyanide ions. The gene encoding the gamma-cyano-alpha-aminobutyric acid synthase was isolated from B. stearothermophilus CN3. Sequence homology analysis revealed that the gamma-cyano-alpha-aminobutyric acid synthase from the bacterium is O-acetyl-L-homoserine sulfhydrylase. A recombinant plasmid, constructed by ligation of the cloned gene and an expression vector, was introduced into Escherichia coli JM109. The transformed E. coli cells overexpressed gamma-cyano-alpha-aminobutyric acid synthase. The heat stable gamma-cyano-alpha-aminobutyric acid synthase can be applied to the synthesis of [5-11C]L-glutamic acid used as a tracer for positron emission tomography.     

Purification, characterization and gene cloning of thermostable O-acetyl-L-serine sulfhydrylase forming beta-cyano-L-alanine

A thermophilic and cyanide ion-tolerant bacterium, Bacillus stearothermophilus CN3 isolated from a hot spring in Japan, was found to produce thermostable beta-cyano-L-alanine synthase. The enzyme catalyzes the synthesis of beta-cyano-L-alanine from O-acetyl-L-serine and cyanide ions. The purified enzyme has a molecular mass of approximately 70 kDa and consists of two identical subunits. It was stable in the pH range of 6.0 to 10.0 and up to 70 degrees C. The enzyme also catalyzes the synthesis of various beta-substituted-L-alanine derivatives from O-acetyl-L-serine and nucleophilic reagents. The gene encoding the beta-cyano-L-alanine synthase was isolated from B. stearothermophilus CN3. Sequence homology analysis revealed that the beta-cyano-L-alanine synthase of the bacterium is O-acetyl-L-serine sulfhydrylase. A recombinant plasmid, constructed by ligation of the cloned gene and an expression vector, pKK223-3, was introduced into E. coli JM109. The transformed E. coli cells overexpressed beta-cyano-L-alanine synthase. Heat stable beta-cyano-L-alanine synthase can be applied to the synthesis of [4-11C]l-2,4-diaminobutyric acid as a tracer for positron emission tomography.     

Sulfide oxidation by gene expressions of sulfide-quinone oxidoreductase and ubiquinone-8 biosynthase in Escherichia coli

Sulfides (S2),SH-) such as hydrogen sulfide belong to a class of sulfur compounds with unpleasant odors. In order to confer sulfide-oxidizing ability on the intestine-inhabiting bacteria, the sulfide-quinone oxidoreductase gene (sqr) in Rhodobacter capsulatus DSM-155 and genes for quinone biosynthesis (ubiC, ubiA and ispB) in Escherichia coli XL1 Blue-MRF' were transduced into E. coli BL21(DE3). Plasmids pT7-7 and pSTV were used as vectors of sqr, and ubiCA and ispB, respectively. The recombinants sqr-BL21(DE3) and ubiCA,ispB-sqr-BL21(DE3) were successfully constructed. The maximal sulfide-removing activities of the whole cells and membrane fractions of sqr-BL21(DE3) attained at pH 8.0 and 7.8, were 267 nmol/mg cells (dry weight)/min and 1250 nmol/mg membrane fraction (protein)/min, respectively. The molecular ratio of sulfide (S2-) oxidized and oxygen (O2) consumed was 2:1. SQR activity in the recombinant cells was positively restricted under anaerobic conditions and also by the addition of electron transfer inhibitors. Ubiquinone-8 (UQ-8) biosynthesis in the cells of ubiCA,ispB-sqr-BL21(DE3) increased as much as 2.2-fold compared with that of (pSTV)-sqr-BL21(DE3) during the 12-16 h incubation period. The maximal sulfide removal in the quinone-raised E. coli was attained slightly earlier, however, SQR activities thereafter were lower than those in (pSTV)-sqr-BL21(DE3).     

Polyhydroxyalkanoate synthase from Bacillus sp. INT005 is composed of PhaC and PhaR

A polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) biosynthesis gene locus from Bacillus sp. INT005 strain, which had been isolated from a gas field, was cloned and analyzed at the molecular level. We found that a 3.8-kbp DraI-digested fragment of genomic DNA of Bacillus sp. INT005 conferred PHA-producing ability to Escherichia coli, which was PHA-negative. The DNA fragment contained three genes, phaR, -B and -C. The activity of 3-ketoacyl-CoA reductase with NADPH was detected in the lysate from recombinant E. coli carrying the phaB gene. Although PHA synthase activity could be detected in the extract from E. coli carrying phaR, -B and -C genes, no such activity could be detected in that from E. coli carrying only the phaC gene. However, the mixture of the crude extracts of E. coli expressing phaR or phaC revealed very high PHA synthase activity. Furthermore, when His-tagged PhaC was purified by Ni-affinity chromatography from the mixture of crude extracts containing His-tagged PhaC or native PhaR, the eluate contained His-tagged PhaC and native PhaR. On the other hand, PhaR did not bind to the column directly. This purified PhaC with PhaR had 160-fold higher specific activity of PHA synthase than that without PhaR. In addition, the kinetics of the purified PhaC with PhaR revealed a lag phase that preceded the linear phase. It has been known that class III PHA synthase is composed of two different subunits, PhaC and PhaE, and phaC and phaE genes are directly linked in the genomes. Furthermore, the PHA synthase has no lag phase. We hence concluded that the PHA synthase of Bacillus sp. INT005 consists of PhaC and PhaR, and has characteristics different from class III PHA synthase.     

Analysis of the THR4 region on chromosome III of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae

The gene encoding threonine synthase (THR4) from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae was cloned by complementation of a thr4 mutant. This gene was also found on a lambda clone (5239) consisting of a fragment of chromosome III inserted in the vector lambdaMG3. The THR4 gene encodes a protein of 514 amino acids (M.W. 58 kDa), which has extensive homologies with E. coli threonine synthase (thrC) and B subtilis threonine synthase. The 5' flanking region of the gene contains three regulatory sequences [TGACT(C)] for the general amino acid control (GCN). About 130 bp downstream of the THR4 gene another large open reading frame (563 amino acids) is found in the opposite orientation. This may imply that this open reading frame, called CTR86, shares a terminator region with THR4. The function of the protein encoded by CTR86 is not yet clear, but the fact that the upstream region contains a GCN4 responsive site suggests that the gene product may also be involved in amino acid biosynthesis.     

Wx基因对小麦淀粉合成关键酶活性的影响

为研究Wx基因的缺失对小麦淀粉合成关键酶活性的影响,本试验以8个Wx小麦近等基因系为材料,在灌浆期的10、20、30和40 d取籽粒对ADP-葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶(AGPase)、可溶性淀粉合成酶(SSS)、颗粒结合型淀粉合成酶(GBSS)和淀粉分支酶(SBE)活性进行了测定。结果表明:野生型的AGPase、SSS、GBSS和SBE活性在花后所有时期均最高(GBSS花后40 d除外,处于中间水平),而WxABD型4种淀粉合成相关酶活性几乎在整个灌浆期均低于其余基因型,尤其是WxABD型的GBSS活性尽管也呈现先升高后降低、20 d左右达到高峰的趋势,但其升高或降低的幅度很小,其活性相对较为稳定。研究证明小麦Wx基因缺失对淀粉合成关键酶活性影响较大,依次为Wx-D1Wx-A1WxB1;淀粉合成关键酶活性在花后逐渐增加,以花后20 d最大,此后逐渐降低,到40 d达最低值;WxABD型缺失所有Wx基因,淀粉合成酶活性在花后各时期最低,其中GBSS活性远低于其余基因型且在花后各时期变化较小。     

牛凝乳酶全长cDNA的克隆及其原核表达载体的构建

从小牛皱胃中提取凝乳酶(Chymosin)总RNA,经过RT-PCR获得凝乳酶cDNA,纯化后与pMD-18T载体连接,转化大肠杆菌JM109,通过双酶切和序列测定,获得了凝乳酶全长基因序列。序列测定表明,凝乳酶全长核苷酸长度为1 143 bp,编码381个氨基酸。与GenBank上已发表序列NM_180994进行比较,核苷酸同源性为99.56%。将该基因片段克隆到原核表达载体pET-22b中,构建重组质粒pET-22b/Chymosin,所获重组质粒经过酶切、测序鉴定,证实含有目的片段,且连接、构建正确,为凝乳酶的进一步表达奠定了基础。