Ti60Cu14Ni12Sn4Nb10合金等温退火过程中的相变研究

通过水冷铜模吸铸法制备出了Ti60 Cu14 Ni12Sn4 Nb10复相合金.对合金在不同温度下等温退火过程中的相转变及显微结构演化进行了研究.结果表明,该合金的显微组织主要由β-Ti枝晶相、纳米晶化相和少量非晶相组成.在450℃退火时,合金中有ω-Ti和面心立方结构的Ti形成;而在550℃退火时ω-Ti消失,同时由于非晶相发生了晶化,基体中有TiNi相析出,该晶化相在高于715℃时,转变为稳定的Ti2Ni相;当温度达到795℃时,合金中的β-Ti枝晶相转化为α-Ti.     

Y、Sn对Cu60Zr30Ti10合金非晶形成能力及性能的影响

采用铜模喷铸法制备了φ4 mm×80 mill的Cu60Zr30Ti10、(Cu60Zr30Ti10)98 Sn2和(Cu60Zr30Ti10)98Y2合金棒试样.用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和差式扫描量热仪(DSC)分析了三合金内部结构及热稳定性.结果表明:合金元素Y、Sn均能提高Cu60Zr30Ti10合金的非晶形成能力,但添加Y的效果更佳.所制备的φ4 mm(Cu60Zr30Ti10)98Y2合金棒为完全非晶结构,且其热稳定性高于另外两种合金;非晶态(Cu60Zr30Ti10)98Y2合金的显微硬度低于由晶相/非晶组成的(Cu60Zr30Ti10)98Sn2、Cu60Zr30Ti10合金,且在该系列合金中,随着析出晶相增多,合金显微硬度下降.     

铸态Ti-Zr-Ni准晶基合金的室温力学性能

用吸铸法制备出含Ti(Zr)固溶体韧性相的Ti-Zr-Ni准晶合金棒，通过维氏显微硬度测定和单向压缩实验等方法研究了该新型合金的室温力学性能和断裂行为。结果表明：Ti-zr-Ni准晶基复相(α-Ti(Zr) I)合金力学性能良好，维氏显微硬度值接近5.5GPa，断裂强度达到1000MPa，Young’s模量值23-36GPa。其中，Ti60Zr25Ni15合金的室温弹性应变可达4．2％，是Al基准晶合金的4倍。但其室温单向压缩时的断裂方式仍为准解理断裂，属脆性断裂。     

电弧熔炼Cr-40Ti-20Nb三元合金的组织与压缩性能

采用真空非自耗电弧熔炼的方法制备了Cr-40Ti-20Nb(原子分数)合金.利用光学显微镜(OM),X射线衍射(XRD),扫描电镜(SEM)分析了合金不同凝固位置处的相组成和组织形态.结果表明,合金的凝固组织主要是由Laves相Cr2(Nb,Ti)枝晶组织及丁i的固溶体组成.同时对合金的显微硬度和压缩性能进行了测试,显微硬度值在6 112～7 350MPa之间,比Laves相Cr2Nb的显微硬度低20％.另外室温压缩屈服强度可达1 334-1 524 MPa,与采用多种合金化元素的Cr-12Nb-4Re-2Al合金相当,这表明Ti元素的添加不仅可以改变Laves相Cr2Nhb合金的凝固组织,而且对其塑性也有很大程度的改善.     

变形温度对Ti2AlNb/Ti60双合金焊接接头组织性能的影响

研究了近等温锻造温度对Ti2A1Nb/Ti60双合金焊接接头显微组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明:经不同温度近等温变形及相同热处理后,Ti2A1Nb/Ti60双合金试样焊缝组织得到明显细化,强度和塑性得到提高,均高于基体Ti60合金;随着变形温度的升高,Ti60合金热影响区显微组织中初生等轴α相逐渐减少,β转组织增多,片状α相变短变粗.因此,合金的室温拉伸强度逐渐升高,塑性逐渐下降;变形温度为1010℃的试样,其焊缝熔合区显微组织较为均匀,塑性相B2含量较多,焊件室温及600℃高温拉伸均表现出较好的强度与塑性匹配.     

Cu-Ni-Al合金近平衡凝固过程中的析出相

采用近平衡凝固试验制备了Ni/Al原子比为3:1的不同Cu含量的Cu-Ni-Al合金,并对其显微组织及相组成进行了分析。结果表明,不同Cu含量的Cu-Ni-Al合金显微组织由枝晶臂和晶间相组成,经XRD分析,二者均为富Cu相固溶体α-Cu(Ni, Al)。由于枝晶臂和晶间区域Ni、Al原子浓度不同,导致在随后的固态相变过程中枝晶臂区域Ni-Al析出相的数量和尺寸均明显大于晶间区域。     

CoCrFeNiTiAlx高熵合金的组织演变及其力学性能研究

采用真空电弧炉熔炼法制备了CoCrFeNiTiAl_x高熵合金(x=0、0.25、0.5、0.75、1、1.5、2,x为摩尔比)。研究了Al含量对于CoCrFeNiTiAl_x高熵合金相结构和力学性能的影响。结果表明:CoCrFeNiTi合金为FCC晶体结构。随着Al含量的增加,晶体结构开始向BCC晶体结构转变。CoCrFeNiTiAl_x合金的显微组织为树枝晶组织,枝晶区富含Co、Ni、Ti和Al元素,枝晶间富含Cr和Fe元素。CoCrFeNiTiAl_x展现出优异的室温力学性能,当x=0.5时性能最佳,枝晶区显微硬度为829HV、枝晶间显微硬度为952HV、抗压强度为2.023GPa、弹性模量为21.29GPa。     

钛合金表面激光熔敷Ti2Ni3Si/NiTi耐磨涂层组织与耐磨性能

以Ti-50Ni-10Si合金粉末为原料，利用激光熔敷技术在钛合金BT9基材表面制得由Ti2Ni3Si初生树枝晶和枝晶间Ti2Ni3Si／NiTi共晶组织组成的耐磨材料涂层，研究了涂层的显微组织及室温耐磨性能。结果表明，该涂层在室温干滑动磨损条件下具有优异的耐磨性能和良好的载荷特性。     

多相V-Ti-Ni氢分离合金显微组织与力学性能

研究了多相V_(100-2x)-Ti_x-Ni_x(x=10,15,20)系列氢分离合金的显微组织、硬度和拉伸性能。V_(100-2x)-Ti_x-Ni_x合金铸锭显微组织均由枝晶相V基固溶体和枝晶间相NiTi和NiTi_2组成。随着合金中Ti和Ni的含量增加,枝晶间相在合金中体积占比增大,形成连续网状,阻止枝晶臂的连接。在室温下,合金整体硬度、抗拉强度、延伸率和断面收缩率均随Ti、Ni含量增加而升高。V基固溶体和NiTi_2相是影响3种合金的整体硬度的主要因素。3种合金在室温下均属于脆性材料。合金中NiTi相含量对合金的延伸率有较大影响。     

内生枝晶相体积分数可控的钛基非晶复合材料

采用直接调控增塑相摩尔分数的方法成功制备了系列含有bcc枝晶相的(Ti32.8zr30.2Ni5 3Cu9Be22 7)100-s(Ti61 5-Zr36 4Cu2.1)x(x=10—95)非晶复合材料.采用xRD,SEM和DSC等方法研究了不同x值下枝晶相的体积分数以及形貌的变化规律,并利用TEM研究了内生枝晶相的结构和两相界面结构.结果表明,在Ti32 8Zr30 2Ni5 3Cu9Be22 7合金中直接添加不同量的Ti61 5Zr36.4Cu2.1合金能够有效地控制内生枝晶相的析出量,获得界面结合良好的非晶复合材料,且枝晶相的尺寸及体积分数与x值成正比.室温压缩实验结果表明,当x>30时,复合材料的塑性变形能力可得到明显改善.x值越大,枝晶相体积分数越高,复合材料屈服强度越低,塑性改善效果越明显.不同体积分数的复合材料均表现出明显的加工硬化现象.当x=90时,复合材料的塑性变形量达到14.4%,断裂极限强度达1917 MPa.     

Characteristics and lacquer adhesion on dip and CDC chromium passivated tinplate

Chromium passivation and lacquering are typically used to improve the corrosion resistance of tinplate in packed food. In this work, the nature of the chromium passivation layer formed during dip or CDC passivation treatments, as a function of operational parameters, and its influence on lacquer adhesion, was investigated using electrochemical polarisation, XPS, Auger and lacquer peel-off tests. It was found that dip passivated tinplate provide the best lacquer adhesion, and that the adhesion on CDC treated tinplate could be improved by buffering or lowering the pH of the chromium (VI) solution.     

De-alloying of type 316 stainless steel in hot, concentrated sodium hydroxide solution

The formation of “nickel” layers on austenitic stainless steel in strong caustic solutions was reported in 1979. We now report a detailed study that clarifies the nature of this de-alloying process and establishes firm links with other metal-environment systems that show de-alloying and associated stress corrosion cracking. De-alloying of iron from 316SS in 50% NaOH at 140 °C proceeds only as far as a solid solution with a Ni/Fe atomic ratio of ca. 1.3 (56 at.% Ni if we neglect the other elements present). Chromium is mostly dissolved and/or reprecipitated during this process. X-ray diffraction shows that the residue is a solid solution of intermediate composition, not a mixture of pure Ni and stainless steel. The removal of only half the iron conveniently explains why the de-alloyed layer is a connected porous network. Electrode capacitance measurements and FEG-SEM examination show that the de-alloyed layer has extremely fine nanoporosity.     

Mechanism of cathodic delamination control of zinc-aluminum phosphate pigment in waterborne coatings

The propagation of the cathodic delamination and blistering was studied for different waterborne paint systems, with or without the zinc aluminum phosphate (ZAP) pigment. The mechanism by which ZAP reacts at the metal-coating interface to improve coating performance against cathodic delamination and blister formation was investigated by means of scanning acoustic microscopy (SAM), pull-off test and surface analysis. The presence of the pigment clearly enhanced the adhesion and delamination resistance of the coating upon immersion. It has been evidenced how the pH buffer properties of the ZAP pigment play an important role in reducing the advancement of the delamination front. A compact film constituted of zinc and sodium phosphates was found, on the substrate surface, solely within the delaminated area. The precipitation of this phosphate layer on the cathodic sites is thought to polarize the cathodic reaction, contributing to slowing down the delamination reaction.     

Pit-to-crack transition in pre-corroded 7075-T6 aluminum alloy under cyclic loading

Pit-to-crack transition experiments were conducted on 1.600 mm and 4.064 mm 7075-T6 aluminum alloy. Specimens were corroded using a 15:1 ratio of 3.5% NaCl solution and H₂O₂ prior to fatigue loading. Cracks originating from corrosion pits were visually investigated in order to understand how pit-to-crack transitions occur.All prior corroded specimens in the study fractured from cracks associated with pitting. Pit-to-crack transition was successfully acquired visually. Corroded 7075-T6-4.064 mm specimens experienced more of an overall fatigue life reduction than 7075-T6-1.600 mm specimens. Results indicated that quantities such as pit surface area and surrounding pit proximity are as important as pit depth in determining when and where a crack will form.     

NiAl－Fe金属间化合物合金的正电子寿命谱

测量了塑性金属间化合物合金Ｎｉ（５０）Ａｌ（３０）Ｆｅ（２０），Ｎｉ（５０）Ａｌ（２０）Ｆｅ（３０）和Ｎｉ（６０）Ａｌ（２０）Ｆｅ（２０）单晶和多晶的正电子寿命谱．基于正电子寿命谱的特征参数引入了正电子双区域捕获模型，并讨论了这些合金微观结构与力学性能之间的关系．     

NiAl—Fe金属间化合物合金的正电子寿命谱

测量了塑性金属间化合物合金Ｎｉ５０Ａｌ３０Ｆｅ２０，Ｎｉ５０Ａｌ２０Ｆｅ３０，Ｎｉ６０Ａｌ２０Ｆｅ２０单晶和多晶的正电子寿命谱。基于正电子寿命谱的特征参数引入了正电子双区域捕获模型，并讨论了这些合金微观结构与力学性能之间的关系。     

Effects of alloy and solution chemistry on the fracture of passive films on austenitic stainless steel

The Taguchi analysis method was used to simultaneously study the effects of alloy chemistry, pH, and halide ion concentrations on the fracture of electrochemically grown passive films using a nanoindentation technique. Three austenitic stainless steels, 304L, 316L, and 904L were potentiostatically polarized in hydrochloric acid solutions. The fracture load was dominated primarily by alloy chemistry. Passive films mechanically weaken as the atomic iron concentration increases in the film. Prolonged anodic ageing time increases the fracture load of passive films.     

Corrosion resistance properties of glow-discharge nitrided AISI 316L austenitic stainless steel in NaCl solutions

Glow-discharge nitriding treatments can modify the hardness and the corrosion resistance properties of austenitic stainless steels. The modified layer characteristics mainly depend on the treatment temperature. In the present paper the results relative to glow-discharge nitriding treatments carried out on AISI 316L austenitic stainless steel samples at temperatures ranging from 673 to 773 K are reported. Treated and untreated samples were characterized by means of microstructural and morphological analysis, surface microhardness measurements and corrosion tests in NaCl solutions. The electrochemical characterization was carried out by means of linear polarizations, free corrosion potential-time curves and prolonged crevice corrosion tests. Nitriding treatments performed at higher temperatures (>723 K) can largely increase the surface hardness of AISI 316L stainless steel samples, but decrease the corrosion resistance properties due to the CrN precipitation. Nevertheless nitriding treatments performed at lower temperatures (?723 K) avoid a large CrN precipitation and allow to produce modified layers essentially composed by a nitrogen super-saturated austenitic metastable phase (S-phase) that shows high hardness and very high pitting and crevice corrosion resistance; at the same polarization potentials the anodic current density values are reduced up to three orders of magnitude in comparison with untreated samples and no crevice corrosion event can be detected after 60 days of immersion in 10% NaCl solution at 328 K.     

Corrosion behavior of glassy Ni55Co5Nb20Ti10Zr10 alloy in 1 N HCl solution studied by potentiostatic polarization and XPS

Corrosion resistance of glassy Ni₅₅Co₅Nb₂₀Ti₁₀Zr₁₀ (at.%) alloy in 1 N HCl solution was investigated with respect to the electrochemical behavior and the compositions of the passive film and the underlying alloy surface just below the passive film. The potentiostatic polarization curve indicated that the alloy was spontaneously passivated with a low passive current density of the order of 10⁻³ A m⁻². The quantitative X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis revealed that the thickness of the surface film increased linearly with an anodizing ratio of 1.5 nm V⁻¹. The high corrosion resistance of the glassy alloy was due to the formation of niobium, titanium and zirconium-enriched passive film. The growth mechanism of the passive films is also discussed.     

The nature of the surface film on steel treated with cerium and lanthanum cinnamate based corrosion inhibitors

The corrosion inhibition mechanisms of new cerium and lanthanum cinnamate based compounds have been investigated through the surface characterisation of the steel exposed to NaCl solution of neutral pH. Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy was used to identify the nature of the deposits on the metal surface and demonstrated that after accelerated tests the corrosion product commonly observed on steel (i.e. lepidocrocite, γ-FeOOH) is absent. The cinnamate species were clearly present on the steel surface upon exposure to NaCl solution for short periods and appeared to coordinate through the iron. At longer times the Rare Earth Metal (REM) oxyhydroxide species are proposed to form as identified through the bands in the 1400-1500 cm⁻¹ region. These latter bands have been previously assigned to carbonate species adsorbed onto REM oxyhydroxide surfaces. The protection mechanism appears to involve the adsorption of the REM-cinnamate complex followed by the hydrolysis of the REM to form a barrier oxide on the steel surface.