Nd2O3对氧化锌压敏阀片晶粒尺寸的影响

Nd2O3掺杂的氧化锌压敏阀片具有较为理想的综合电性能。本文研究了微量Nd2O3添加剂对氧化锌压敏阀片的微观组织结构和成分分布的影响，从理论上探讨了Nd2O3影响氧化锌压敏阀片晶粒尺寸的机理。研究结果表明，Nd2O3加入到氧化锌压敏阀片中，Nd与原料中的Zn，Sb,O元素以及Na,Al等杂质形成了新相并分布在ZnO的晶界处，阻碍了ZnO晶界的迁移，从而抑制了ZnO晶粒的长大，使晶粒细小均匀。     

Nd2O3对氧化锌压敏阀片电性能与显微组织的作用效应

研究了微量Nd2O3添加剂对氧化锌压敏阀片的压敏电位梯度，漏电流和压比的影响，并对其显微组织进行了分析研究，从理论上探讨了Nd2O3影响氧化锌压敏阀片电性能与组织的机理。研究结果表明，当Nd2O3含量为0.04mol%时，氧化锌压敏阀片的压敏电位梯度最高，漏电流最小，压比最低，具有优良的综合电性能，其原因是Nd2O3加入到氧化锌压敏阀片中，使晶粒尺寸减小所致。     

La2O3掺杂氧化锌压敏阀片压敏电位梯度与显微组织的研究

采用添加微量La2O3的方法，提高氧化锌压敏阀片的电位梯度，使之具有优良的综合性能。同时研究了数量La2O3添加剂对氧化锌压敏电阻片的压敏电位梯度的影响，并通过SEM测试手段对其微观组织结构进行了分析研究，从理论上探讨了La2O3影响氧化锌压敏阀片压敏电位梯度与组织的机理。研究结果表明，在0-0.08mol%分成范围内，随着La2O3含量的增加，氧化锌压敏阀片的压敏电位梯度明显提高；当La2O3含量超过0.08mol%时，随其含量的增加，氧化锌压敏阀片的压敏电位梯度又呈降低趋势。其原因是La2O3加入到氧化锌压敏阀片中，La主要以固溶的形态分布于ZhO的晶内和晶界处，使ZnO晶体的自由电子浓度增大，进而使填隙锌离子Zni的总浓度下降，因此填隙锌离子的传质能力下降，抑制了ZnO晶粒的生长、因而晶粒尺寸随La2O3的添加量下降，压敏电位梯度显著提高。     

CeO2对氧化锌压敏阀片电位梯度的影响

研究了稀土氧化物CeO2对氧化锌压敏阀片电位梯度的影响规律。实验结果表明:微量的CeO2能够提高氧化锌压敏阀片的电位梯度,当CeO2含量为0.06%(摩尔分数)时,可提高电位梯度20%。通过扫描电镜、能谱仪和X射线衍射分析发现,CeO2以独立相形态存在,并与尖晶石相协同作用,钉扎在晶界,形成晶界电阻层,阻碍晶界运动,减小氧化锌晶粒尺寸,使晶粒分布均匀致密,从而提高氧化锌压敏阀片的电位梯度,改善其综合性能。     

CeO2对氧化锌压敏阀片电位梯度的作用效应

本文研究了稀土氧化物CeO2对氧化锌压敏阀片电位梯度的影响规律。实验结果表明：微量的CeO2能够提高氧化锌压敏阀片的电位梯度，当CeO2含量为0．06%（摩尔百分比）时，可提高电位梯度20%。通过扫描电镜、能谱仪和X射线衍射分析后发现，CeO2以独立相形态存在，并与尖晶石相协同作用，钉扎在晶界，形成晶界电阻层，阻碍晶界运动，减小氧化锌晶粒尺寸，使晶粒分布均匀致密，从而提高氧化锌压敏阀片的电位梯度，改善其综合性能。     

不同退火温度对Mo-La2O3板材微观组织及力学性能的影响

本文研究了不同退火温度对Mo-La2O3板材微观组织及力学性能的影响。通过金相显微镜、扫描电镜观察了钼合金显微组织及断口形貌,利用透射电镜研究了La2O3对位错分布的影响规律。结果表明,随着退火温度的升高,钼合金晶粒长大,拉伸性能、断裂韧性及显微硬度显著降低。对于退火后的试样,当La2O3粒径较大时,这种颗粒位于晶界处,在颗粒及晶界处形成位错塞积;在退火后的钼合金中,La2O3粒径较小时,绝大多数颗粒位于晶粒内部,位错越过这些颗粒,在晶界或亚晶界上形成位错塞积。     

Nd_(21)Pr_7Gd_4Fe_(66.02)Cu_(0.2)Al_(0.7)B_(1.08)磁体添加纳米粉MgO研究

研究了添加纳米粉Mg O对Nd21Pr7Gd4Fe66.02Cu0.2Al0.7B1.08磁体的影响。通过扫描电镜能谱研究分析可知,纳米粉Mg O主要分布于磁体的晶界相当中。通过XRD分析可知:添加w(Mg O)=0.2%的纳米粉Mg O,磁体主晶粒(006)晶向晶粒发育良好,晶粒取向度较好;添加w(Mg O)=0.2%的纳米粉Mg O,磁体Nd21Pr7Gd4Fe66.02Cu0.2Al0.7B1.08有最高的剩磁(1.204 T);添加w(Mg O)=0.4%纳米粉Mg O,磁体Nd21Pr7Gd4Fe66.02Cu0.2Al0.7B1.08有最高的矫顽力(11.70 k A/m);添加Mg O的磁体比未添加Mg O的磁体耐腐蚀性要好。     

添加Nd元素对Ti-6Al-4V-2Cr合金组织细化的影响

采用冷等静压–真空烧结法制备Ti-6Al-4V-2Cr-1Nd合金,然后进行固溶及时效热处理,通过实验与最小错配度理论计算,研究Nd元素对该合金组织细化的影响,并分析细化机理。结果表明,添加1%(质量分数)的稀土元素Nd后,析出相Nd2O3能有效促进晶粒细化。二维错配度的计算结果证明析出相Nd2O3是有效的形核剂,可促进非均匀形核,增加形核率,从而使晶粒细化。通过对合金试样薄区进行高分辨率观察,发现另一种絮状的、非常细小的、弥散分布的Nd2Ti4O11相,由于其界面错配度较低,也可作为非均匀形核的核心,促进形核,起到细化晶粒的作用。     

高能球磨制备Al2O3/Cu复合材料

采用高能球磨法制备Al2O3/Cu复合粉末,通过X射线衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)研究高能球磨时间对复合粉末的物相、晶粒尺寸和表面形貌的影响。结果表明,随球磨时间的增加,基体Cu的晶粒不断被细化,在球磨初期,晶粒尺寸减小很快,当晶粒尺寸小于20 nm时,细化速率变缓而趋于稳定;Cu颗粒形貌由树枝状变为层状,并向椭球体转变;纳米Al2O3颗粒逐渐嵌入Cu颗粒体内,且分散均匀,从而获得纳米Al2O3颗粒弥散分布的Cu基复合粉末。并探讨了高能球磨对放电等离子体烧结Al2O3/Cu复合材料导电性能和力学性能的影响,研究认为高能球磨可以促进基体的晶界强化和弥散强化,而晶界的增加并不会导致电阻率的显著增大,影响电阻率的主要因素为Al2O3的体积分数、孔隙和杂质的固溶。     

球磨时间对6%Al_2O_3弥散强化Cu组织和性能的影响

采用高能球磨法将Cu粉和Al2O3粉混合;通过调节球磨时间,保证Al2O3粉细小而弥散分布在Cu的基体中。通过扫描电镜研究了球磨时间对Al2O3颗粒形貌与分布的影响,XRD研究了球磨时间对Cu晶粒细化和晶格畸变的影响,金相显微镜研究了球磨时间对金相组织的影响,研究了球磨时间对力学性能和导电率的影响,并计算了相对密度。结果表明:当球磨转速为270r/min、球磨15h时,Al2O3颗粒细小,分布较为均匀,且其抗压强度最高为565MPa,导电率34%IACS;随球磨时间增加,XRD表明Cu晶粒细化和晶格畸变增加,金相组织显示晶粒从片层状逐渐变为球状。     

Microstructure and Electrical Properties of Er_2O_3-Doped ZnO-Based Varistor Ceramics Prepared by High-Energy Ball Milling

Zinc oxide (ZnO) varistors exhibit highly nonlin-ear voltage-current (V-I) properties and it is ex-pressed bythe relationI=KVα,whereKis a constantandαis a nonlinear coefficient .They are extensivelyused as surge arresters in electric power lines ,such a…     

Influence of lanthanum on enhancement of mechanical and electrical properties of Cu-Al_2O_3 composites

Two kinds of Cu-Al_2O_3 composites(with and without La) were prepared via mechanical alloying-spark plasma sintering(MA-SPS) method. Microstructure, mechanical properties and electrical resistivity were investigated systematically using metallography, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, mechanical and electrical properties testing. The results indicate that an appropriate amount of La can homogenize the distribution of Al_2O_3. As such, yield strength, ultimate tensile strength and elongation of Cu-Al_2O_3-La are greatly increased. Some semi-coherent interface between Cu and Al_2O_3 is found, which means a low interface energy. The grain shape of Cu changes to irregular band with the addition of La. This change results in a density decrease of grain boundary and reduces electrical resistance. Lanthanum may exist in the form of La_2O_3.     

Experimental charge density distribution and its correlation to structural and optical properties of Sm~(3+) doped Nd_2O_3 nanophosphors

Pure and Sm~(3+) doped Nd_2 O_3 nanophosphors were synthesized using modified Pechini method. The phase formation with symmetry of the sample is confirmed by the Rietveld refinement of the powder Xray diffraction(PXRD) data. The surface morphology and the crystallite size were examined using scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and transmission electron microscopy(TEM) and the results confirmed that the synthesized particles are in nanosize. The energy-dispersive X-ray(EDX) analysis was done to confirm the purity of the sample. The optical properties of the sample were studied using ultraviolet-visible range(UV-Vis) spectroscopic analysis and photoluminescence studies. The calculated band gap of the synthesized Nd_2 O_3 was found to be higher than that of bulk Nd_2 O_3. The photoluminescence(PL) of the prepared samples reveals that doping with Sm3+ ion has influenced the optical properties. Quantitative investigation on charge density distribution was done by analysing the 3-dimensional and 2-dimensional charge density maps drawn along the bonding directions. The maximum entropy method(MEM)/Rietveld analysis was used for the first time to analyse the charge density in the chosen system. Charge density arrangement in the unit cell is correlated to the analysed photoluminescent(PL) properties. The spectral behaviour of the samples has been explained through charge ordering which are verified using experimental data obtained. The studies on these materials have shown that these nanophosphors will provide promising application for near-ultraviolet lightemitting diodes(n-UV-LEDs).     

Sintering effect on ageing behavior of rare earths （Pr6O11-Er2O3-Y2O3 ）-doped ZnO varistor ceramics

The electrical properties and ageing behavior of the rare earths (Pr6O11-Er2O3-Y2O3)-doped ZnO varistor ceramics were systematically investigated at sintering temperature range of 1335-1350°C. With an increase in the sintering temperature, the sintered density increased from 5.41 to 5.64g/cm3 and the average grain size increased from 5.8 to 7.9μm. The varistor properties and ageing behavior were significantly affected by small sintering temperature range of 1335-1350°C. The breakdown field noticeably decreased from 5767 to 3628V/cm with an increase in the sintering temperature. The varistor ceramics exhibited the highest nonlinear coefficient (43.2) at the sintering temperature of 1340°C. The varistor ceramics sintered at 1350°C exhibited a surprisingly excellent stability by exhibiting 0.3% in the variation rate of the breakdown field and 0.3% in the variation rate of the nonlinear coefficient for ageing stress of 0.95 E1mA/150°C/24 h.     

Effect of CeO2 on Electrical Properties of （Nb, Mn）-Doped TiO2 Varistor Ceramics

Varistor ceramics are a class of semiconductor de-vices with high non-linearity in their current-voltage(V-I)characteristics.Among these,ZnO varistor isthe most typical material and is commercially used asvoltage suppressor to protect electronic componentsand power systems[1~4].However,ZnOis a kind ofpure resistance component and has low permittivity,high dielectric dissipation,lowresponse speed,andpoor ability to absorb high frequency noise and pulsesurge.Soits applicationis restrictedin el…     

A novel approach for synthesis of hierarchical mesoporous Nd_2O_3 nanomaterials

A novel route to the fabrication of hierarchical mesoporous Nd_2O_3 nanostructures including nanospheres and nanoporous network was described. Their structure and morphology evolution of the as-synthesized materials were determined by various techniques such as scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier transforminfrared spectra, nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherm, and a formation mechanism was proposed. The results revealed that the Nd_2O_3 nanospheres had the diameter of 300 nm, which were composed of small primary nanoparticles(NPs) with the size of 10 nm. The nanoporous structure also formed the NPs of ca. 10 nm which were connected with each other to form a three-dimensional(3D) texture. This simple and mild approach to fabricate hierarchical mesoporous Nd_2O_3 nanostructures could be easily scaled up and potentially extended to synthesize other oxide hierarchical structures.     

Effect of Nd3+ substitution on structural and magnetic properties of Mg–Cd ferrites synthesized by microwave sintering technique

Nd~(3+) substituted spinel ferrites with formula Mg_xCd_(1-x)Nd_(0.03)Fe_(1.97)O_4(x = 0.0.2,0.4,0.6.0.8 and 1.0)were prepared by oxalate co-precipitation method using novel microwave sintering technique. AR grade sulphates were used as starting chemicals. The samples were sintered at optimized power of 70 W for10 min in a microwave oven(800 W). The structural analysis of these samples was done by using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope and Fourier transform IR techniques. The XRD analysis of the synthesized ferrite confirms the formation of cubic spinel structure of ferrite. The influence of Nd3+substitution on various structural parameters of Mg-Cd ferrites was reported. IR study indicates the spectra contain two intense absorption bands around 600 and 400 cm~(-1) in addition with four extra bands. The magnetic properties of all ferrites were studied by using a vibration sample magnetometer.The crystallite and grain size dependant magnetic properties are observed. The composition Mg_(0.6)Cd_(0.4)Nd_(0.03)Fe_(1.97)O_4 has better magnetic properties that can be used in recording media. The fast synthesis of spinel ferrites is yielded due to use of the microwave sintering technique.     

锡或锑在无取向电工钢中的研究进展

近年来,在节能减排背景之下,国内外众多研究者对无取向电工钢磁性能的提升做了大量研究。为了探索无取向电工钢磁性能提升的方法,对锡或锑对无取向电工钢磁性能的作用机制(晶粒尺寸和晶体织构的控制)进行分析。基于该作用机制,介绍锡或锑的添加对无取向电工钢磁性能的影响。经研究发现,适量的锡或锑在晶界偏聚,不会阻碍晶界的移动并且致使晶粒尺寸降低;与此同时,锡或锑在晶界偏聚不仅抑制{111}织构在原始晶界处形核及生长,还降低(100)晶粒表面能,促进(100)晶粒生长。因此,适量添加锡或锑,可使无取向电工钢铁损下降、磁感提升。最后结合生产工艺,建议无取向电工钢的研究方向应为稀土含量对高牌号无取向硅钢夹杂物尺寸和数量分布的影响,锡或锑的添加量和常化工艺参数(常化时间、常化温度)对常化晶粒尺寸的影响。     

Highly nonlinear property and threshold voltage of Sc2O3 doped ZnO-Bi2O3-based varistor ceramics

A series of ZnO-Bi2O3-based varistor ceramics doped with 0-0.4 mol.% Sc2O3 were prepared by high-energy ball milling and sintered at temperatures between 1000 and 1150oC. X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were applied to characterize the phases and microstructure of the varistor ceramics. A DC parameter instrument for varistor ceramics was applied to investigate the electronic properties and V-I characteristics. The results showed that there were no changes in crystal structure with Sc2O3-doped varistor ceramics and that the average size of ZnO grain increased first and then decreased. The best electronic characteristics of the varistor ceramics prepared by high-energy ball milling were found in 0.3 mol.% Sc2O3-doped ZnO-Bi2O3 -based ceramics sintered at 1000 oC, which exhibited a threshold voltage of 821 V/mm, nonlinear coefficient of 62.1 and leakage current of 0.16 μA.     

高温时效对铁素体不锈钢组织和性能的影响

通过金相、SEM和EDS等技术,研究了900 ℃下不同时效时间对超纯铁素体不锈钢组织和性能的影响。结果表明,439钢种高温时效对Ti(C,N)析出作用较小,晶界析出相TiN较少,晶粒粗化严重,塑性较低;441钢种高温时效会沿着晶界析出Fe2Nb(Laves)相,析出数量较多,晶粒较细小,但由于Fe2Nb(Laves)相沿晶界呈网状分布,对材料塑性影响较大;444钢种高温时效会在晶界和晶内析出Fe3(Nb,Mo)3C,析出数量较少,第二相钉扎作用较弱,部分晶粒出现异常长大,由于Fe3(Nb,Mo)3C析出相未呈网状分布,断后伸长率高于441钢种。