高强圆钢管混凝土压弯构件(2):基本性能

目前,有关高强圆钢管混凝土压弯构件基本性能的试验及数值研究相对较少。在之前文章中,已经提出评估此类压弯构件非线性性能的数值模型,考虑约束和初始几何缺陷对核心混凝土强度和韧性及钢管的影响。验证该模型的正确性,并进行压弯构件基本性能的参数化研究。通过相应的试验结果,验证根据此模型求得的偏心荷载作用下极限承载力和轴力-变形性能的正确性。在计算机程序中应用该模型,研究高强圆钢管混凝土压弯构件的基本性能,如:荷载-位移曲线,极限承载力,轴力-弯矩曲线及由混凝土约束引起的强度增量。参数包括:构件长细比,偏心率,混凝土抗压强度,钢材屈服强度,钢材百分比,混凝土约束条件等。结果表明:提出的数值模型能有效模拟和设计高强圆钢管混凝土压弯构件。本基准数值结果对完善组合结构设计规范中有关高强混凝土压弯构件的规定很有意义。     

方钢管混凝土压弯构件截面非线性分析

构件截面非线性分析是进行结构抗震性能分析的重要基础,针对方钢管混凝土构件中钢管的三向受力特点,提出了一种适于计算方钢管混凝土压弯构件弯矩-曲率骨架曲线的钢材本构模型,模型中考虑了钢材的环向拉力作用;并应用提出的钢材模型和已有的混凝土模型编制了纤维模型数值计算程序;分析了含钢率、轴压比、混凝土强度和钢材强度对方钢管混凝土压弯构件截面弯矩-曲率曲线的影响。通过对构件屈服弯矩、极限弯矩的分析,提出了一种方钢管混凝土压弯构件的三线性骨架曲线,该曲线可用于工程中方钢管混凝土框架结构的动力学分析。     

钢管约束钢筋混凝土压弯构件滞回性能试验研究与分析

进行了4个圆钢管约束钢筋混凝土(CTRC)和4个方钢管约束钢筋混凝土(STRC)压弯构件滞回性能的试验研究,并进行了两个钢筋混凝土(RC)对比试件的试验研究。试验中的主要参数为轴压比(0.34、0.65和0.80)和混凝土强度等级(C30和C60)。试验结果表明,由于钢管对核心混凝土的有效约束,核心高强混凝土柱的承载力、延性和耗能能力得到了显著提高。随轴压比和混凝土强度的提高,CTRC压弯构件的受弯承载力提高;但轴压比和混凝土强度对试件的延性无明显影响。随轴压比和混凝土强度的提高,STRC压弯构件的受弯承载力提高,但延性下降。相同轴压比条件下,CTRC压弯构件的受弯承载力和延性明显优于STRC构件。根据试验结果,建议了钢管约束钢筋混凝土柱截面受弯承载力的计算方法。建立了钢管约束钢筋混凝土压弯构件的纤维模型数值计算方法,计算中采用随荷载的增加而不断增大钢管对核心混凝土的约束效应的方法,数值计算结果与试验结果吻合良好。     

方形、矩形钢管高强混凝土单向压弯构件承载力参数分析

以实际工程中常见的弯矩和轴力呈正比例增长的加载方式为基础,采用方形、矩形钢管高强混凝土组合作用下的钢管和核心混凝土的纵向应力-应变关系,编制了非线性数值计算程序,对方形、矩形钢管高强混凝土单向压弯构件的受力变形全过程曲线和影响稳定承载力相关曲线的各参数进行较为详细的分析和研究,为研究方形、矩形钢管高强混凝土中长柱在双向压弯受力状态下的力学性能垫定基础。     

钢管约束型钢高强混凝土压弯构件的抗震性能研究

进行两个圆钢管约束型钢混凝土和两个方钢管约束型钢混凝土压弯构件的滞回性能试验研究,并进行两个普通型钢混凝土对比试件的试验研究。试件的混凝土为C70高强混凝土,试验中的主要参数为轴压比(n0=0.3和0.5)。试验结果表明,型钢混凝土和钢管约束型钢混凝土压弯构件易发生黏结破坏,因此工程实践中应在型钢翼缘设置抗剪连接件以防止黏结破坏的发生。相同用钢量条件下,圆钢管约束型钢高强混凝土柱的抗弯承载力、延性、极限层间变形能力和耗能性能明显高于型钢混凝土柱。随轴压比的提高,圆钢管约束型钢高强混凝土压弯构件的抗弯承载力提高,但轴压比对构件的层间变形能力无明显影响。相同用钢量条件下,方钢管约束型钢高强混凝土柱的抗弯承载力与型钢混凝土柱基本相同,但方钢管约束型钢高强混凝土柱的延性、极限层间变形能力和耗能性能明显高于型钢混凝土柱。随轴压比的提高,方钢管约束型钢高强混凝土压弯构件的抗弯承载力提高,但轴压比对构件的层间变形能力无明显影响。根据试验结果和理论分析结果建议了钢管约束型钢混凝土柱的截面抗弯承载力计算方法,提出设计建议,可为工程实践提供参考。     

FRP-混凝土-钢双壁空心管截面轴力-弯矩关系研究

为建立FRP-混凝土-钢双壁空心管(简称双壁空心管)截面轴力-弯矩相关曲线方程,推导了双壁空心管压弯构件截面承载力计算公式,计算结果与试验结果符合较好。对构件的纤维特征值、内层钢管强度和含钢率等因素对双壁空心管截面轴力-弯矩关系的影响进行了分析。基于理论分析和试验结果,提出了双壁空心管截面轴力-弯矩相关曲线方程。     

压弯柱的荷载位移关系非线性分析

考虑材料非线性对压弯柱性能的影响,在经典混凝土与钢筋本构模型基础上,结合有关锈蚀钢筋的研究成果,考虑纵筋锈蚀、混凝土强度、配筋、截面尺寸和轴压比等参数,运用Matlab语言,采用条带法编制相关程序得到压弯柱截面弯矩-曲率曲线,进而对柱进行分段,采用已得到的弯矩曲率数据,积分得到压弯构件荷载-位移曲线,最后对各参数进行一定的分析。     

以圆钢管为钢骨的劲性高强混凝土柱的弯矩-轴力相关曲线的数值分析

介绍了以圆钢管为钢骨的劲性高强混凝土柱的抗震性能研究的试验概况,在此基础上采用条带有限元法进行了弯矩-轴力相关曲线的数值分析,计算结果与试验结果大致吻合,可以用于确定该类柱在偏压状态下的极限承载力。     

圆钢管约束高强混凝土轴压短柱的试验研究与承载力分析

进行6组共18个圆钢管约束高强混凝土短柱在循环或单调轴压荷载作用下的试验研究。试验中的主要参数为混凝土强度(fcu=88.14～94.17)和钢管径厚比(D/t=21.62～43.01)。试验结果表明,圆钢管约束高强混凝土短柱的轴压承载力高于同条件的普通钢管混凝土构件,但两种构件的延性无显著差异;随钢管中纵向应力的降低,构件的轴压承载力提高。对构件的应力分析结果表明,圆钢管约束高强混凝土轴压短柱的峰值荷载点对应于钢管的屈服点。在应力分析结果的基础上建立圆钢管约束混凝土的轴压承载力公式,公式结果与试验结果吻合较好。基于试验结果对Mander约束混凝土模型进行修正,使模型适合于约束高强混凝土。     

椭圆钢管混凝土压弯扭复合受力性能及承载力计算方法研究

为研究椭圆钢管混凝土构件在压弯扭共同作用下的受力性能,基于椭圆钢管核心混凝土等效本构模型,通过ABAQUS有限元软件建立了椭圆钢管混凝土构件在压弯扭复合受力作用下的有限元分析模型,并利用已有的试验数据验证了模型的准确性和可行性;系统分析了约束效应系数、轴压比、弯矩比和扭矩比等关键参数对其T/Tu-M/Mu曲线、T-θ曲线和破坏模式的影响规律,最终提出了椭圆钢管混凝土构件在压弯扭复合受力作用下的承载力计算公式。研究结果表明：在一定范围内初始轴压比的提升会使构件的抗扭强度与纯扭构件相比有所提升,而当初始轴压比过大则会显著降低构件的抗扭强度;构件初始弯矩比的增加会使其抗扭强度持续降低;在轴力与弯矩的同时作用下,各自效果依然存在。通过提出的承载力简化计算公式的理论计算值与有限元分析结果的对比,表明该公式可用于评估椭圆钢管混凝土构件在压弯扭复合受力下的极限承载力。研究结果将为椭圆钢管混凝土在实际工程中的设计和应用提供科学依据。     

High strength circular concrete-filled steel tubular slender beam-columns, Part I: Numerical analysis

High strength circular concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) slender beam-columns are frequently used in high-rise composite buildings because they possess higher strength and stiffness than normal strength ones. Most nonlinear inelastic methods of analysis for circular CFST slender beam-columns have not considered the effects of high strength materials and concrete confinement that significantly increases the strength and ductility of the concrete core. As a result, these methods produce computational solutions that deviate considerably from experimental results. This paper presents a new numerical model for predicting the nonlinear inelastic behavior of high strength circular CFST slender beam-columns under axial load and bending. The numerical model developed not only accounts for confinement effects on the concrete core and circular steel tubes but also incorporates initial geometric imperfections of beam-columns. Axial load-moment-curvature relationships obtained from the fiber element analysis of column cross-sections are utilized to determine the equilibrium states in the inelastic stability analysis of slender beam-columns. Computational algorithms are developed for determining the axial load-deflection and axial load-moment interaction curves for slender beam-columns. The numerical model is implemented in a computer program, which is shown to be an efficient and accurate simulation tool that can be used to investigate the fundamental behavior of high strength circular CFST slender beam-columns. The verification and applications of the numerical model are given in a companion paper.     

High strength circular concrete-filled steel tubular slender beam-columns, Part II: Fundamental behavior

There is relatively little experimental and numerical research on the fundamental behavior of high strength circular concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) slender beam-columns. In a companion paper, a new numerical model for predicting the nonlinear inelastic behavior of high strength circular CFST slender beam-columns under axial load and bending was presented. The numerical model developed accounts for confinement effects on the strength and ductility of the concrete core and on circular steel tubes as well as initial geometric imperfections of beam-columns. This paper presents the verification of the numerical model and extensive parametric studies on the fundamental behavior of high strength circular CFST slender beam-columns. The ultimate strengths and axial load-deflection responses of circular CFST slender beam-columns under eccentric loading predicted by the numerical model are verified by corresponding experimental results. The computer program implementing the numerical model is used to investigate the fundamental behavior of high strength circular CFST slender beam-columns in terms of load-deflection responses, ultimate strengths, axial load-moment interaction diagrams, and strength increase due to concrete confinement. Parameters examined include column slenderness ratio, eccentricity ratio, concrete compressive strengths, steel yield strengths, steel ratio and concrete confinement. It is demonstrated that the numerical model developed is an efficient computer simulation and design tool for high strength circular CFST slender beam-columns. Benchmark numerical results presented in this paper are valuable in the development of composite design codes for high strength circular CFST slender beam-columns.     

Nonlinear analysis of circular concrete-filled steel tubular short columns under eccentric loading

This paper presents an effective theoretical model for the nonlinear inelastic analysis of circular concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) short columns under eccentric loading. Accurate material constitutive relationships for normal and high strength concrete confined by either normal or high strength circular steel tubes are incorporated in the theoretical model to account for confinement effects that increase both the strength and ductility of concrete. The predicted ultimate bending strengths and complete moment-curvature responses of circular CFST columns under eccentric loading are compared with existing experimental results to examine the accuracy of the theoretical model developed. The fundamental behavior of circular CFST beam-columns with various diameter-to-thickness ratios, concrete compressive strengths, steel yield strengths, axial load levels and sectional shapes is studied using the verified theoretical model. Based on extensive numerical studies, a new design model for determining the ultimate pure bending strengths of circular CFST beam-columns is proposed. The theoretical model and formulas developed are shown to be effective simulation and design tools for the nonlinear inelastic behavior of circular CFST beam-columns under eccentric loading.     

High strength thin-walled rectangular concrete-filled steel tubular slender beam-columns,Part II: Behavior

Experimental and numerical research on full-scale high strength thin-walled rectangular steel slender tubes filled with high strength concrete has not been reported in the literature. In a companion paper, a new numerical model was presented that simulates the nonlinear inelastic behavior of uniaxially loaded high strength thin-walled rectangular concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) slender beam-columns with local buckling effects. The progressive local and post-local buckling of thin steel tube walls under stress gradients was incorporated in the numerical model. This paper presents the verification of the numerical model developed and its applications to the investigation into the fundamental behavior of high strength thin-walled CFST slender beam-columns. Experimental ultimate strengths and load-deflection responses of CFST slender beam-columns tested by independent researchers are used to verify the accuracy of the numerical model. The verified numerical model is then utilized to investigate the effects of local buckling, column slenderness ratio, depth-to-thickness ratio, loading eccentricity ratio, concrete compressive strengths and steel yield strengths on the behavior of high strength thin-walled CFST slender beam-columns. It is demonstrated that the numerical model is accurate and efficient for determining the behavior of high strength thin-walled CFST slender beam-columns with local buckling effects. Numerical results presented in this study are useful for the development of composite design codes for high strength thin-walled rectangular CFST slender beam-columns.     

High strength thin-walled rectangular concrete-filled steel tubular slender beam-columns,Part I: Modeling

High strength thin-walled rectangular concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) slender beam-columns under eccentric loading may undergo local and overall buckling. The modeling of the interaction between local and overall buckling is highly complicated. There is relatively little numerical study on the interaction buckling of high strength thin-walled rectangular CFST slender beam-columns. This paper presents a new numerical model for simulating the nonlinear inelastic behavior of uniaxially loaded high strength thin-walled rectangular CFST slender beam-columns with local buckling effects. The cross-section strengths of CFST beam-columns are modeled using the fiber element method. The progressive local and post-local buckling of thin steel tube walls under stress gradients is simulated by gradually redistributing normal stresses within the steel tube walls. New efficient Müller's method algorithms are developed to iterate the neutral axis depth in the cross-sectional analysis and to adjust the curvature at the columns ends in the axial load–moment interaction strength analysis of a slender beam-column to satisfy equilibrium conditions. Analysis procedures for determining the load–deflection and axial load–moment interaction curves for high strength thin-walled rectangular CFST slender beam-columns incorporating progressive local bucking and initial geometric imperfections are presented. The new numerical model developed is shown to be efficient for predicting axial load–deflection and axial load–moment interaction curves for high strength thin-walled rectangular CFST slender beam-columns. The verification of the numerical model and parametric studies is given in a companion paper.     

Biaxially loaded high-strength concrete-filled steel tubular slender beam-columns,Part I: Multiscale simulation

The steel tube walls of a biaxially loaded thin-walled rectangular concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) slender beam-column may be subjected to compressive stress gradients. Local buckling of the steel tube walls under stress gradients, which significantly reduces the stiffness and strength of a CFST beam-column, needs to be considered in the inelastic analysis of the slender beam-column. Existing numerical models that do not consider local buckling effects may overestimate the ultimate strengths of thin-walled CFST slender beam-columns under biaxial loads. This paper presents a new multiscale numerical model for simulating the structural performance of biaxially loaded high-strength rectangular CFST slender beam-columns accounting for progressive local buckling, initial geometric imperfections, high strength materials and second order effects. The inelastic behavior of column cross-sections is modeled at the mesoscale level using the accurate fiber element method. Macroscale models are developed to simulate the load-deflection responses and strength envelopes of thin-walled CFST slender beam-columns. New computational algorithms based on the Müller's method are developed to iteratively adjust the depth and orientation of the neutral axis and the curvature at the column's ends to obtain nonlinear solutions. Steel and concrete contribution ratios and strength reduction factor are proposed for evaluating the performance of CFST slender beam-columns. Computational algorithms developed are shown to be an accurate and efficient computer simulation and design tool for biaxially loaded high-strength thin-walled CFST slender beam-columns. The verification of the multiscale numerical model and parametric study are presented in a companion paper.     

Nonlinear analysis of circular concrete-filled steel tubular short columns under axial loading

The confinement effect provided by the steel tube in a circular concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) short column remarkably increases the strength and ductility of the concrete core. The reliable prediction using nonlinear analysis methods for circular CFST columns relies on the use of accurate models for confined concrete. In this paper, accurate constitutive models for normal and high strength concrete confined by either normal or high strength circular steel tubes are proposed. A generic fiber element model that incorporates the proposed constitutive models of confined concrete is created for simulating the nonlinear inelastic behavior of circular CFST short columns under axial loading. The generic fiber element model developed is verified by comparisons of computational results with existing experimental data. Extensive parametric studies are conducted to examine the accuracy of various confining pressure models and the effects of the tube diameter-to-thickness ratio, concrete compressive strengths and steel yield strengths on the fundamental behavior of circular CFST columns. A new design formula accounting for concrete confinement effects is also proposed for circular CFST columns. It is demonstrated that the generic fiber element model and design formula adequately predict the ultimate strength and behavior of axially loaded circular CFST columns and can be used in the design of normal and high strength circular CFST columns.     

Strength and ductility of high strength concrete-filled steel tubular beam-columns

The ultimate strength and ductility of high strength thin-walled concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) beam-columns with local buckling effects, are investigated in this paper, using a performance-based analysis (PBA) technique. The PBA technique accounts for the effects of geometric imperfections, residual stresses, strain hardening, local buckling and concrete confinement on the behavior of high strength thin-walled CFST beam-columns. The accuracy of the PBA technique is further examined by comparisons with experimental results. The PBA program is employed to study the effects of depth-to-thickness ratio, concrete compressive strengths, steel yield strengths and axial load levels on the stiffness, strength and ductility of high strength thin-walled CFST beam-columns under combined axial load and biaxial bending. The results obtained indicate that increasing the depth-to-thickness ratio and axial load levels significantly reduces the stiffness, strength and ductility of CFST beam-columns. Increasing concrete compressive strengths increases the stiffness and strength, but reduces the axial ductility and section performance of CFST beam-columns. Moreover, the steel yield strength has a significant effect on the section and strength performance of CFST beam-columns but does not have a significant effect on their axial and curvature ductility.     

Behavior of biaxially-loaded rectangular concrete-filled steel tubular slender beam-columns with preload effects

In composite construction, rectangular hollow steel tubular slender beam-columns are subjected to preloads arising from construction loads and permanent loads of the upper floors before infilling of the wet concrete. The behavior of biaxially loaded thin-walled rectangular concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) slender beam-columns with preloads on the steel tubes has not been studied experimentally and numerically. In this paper, a fiber element model developed for CFST slender beam-columns with preload effects is briefly described and verified by existing experimental results of uniaxially loaded CFST columns with preload effects. The fiber element model is used to investigate the behavior of biaxially loaded rectangular CFST slender beam-columns accounting for the effects of preloads and local buckling. Parameters examined include local buckling, preload ratio, loading angle, depth-to-thickness ratio, column slenderness, loading eccentricity and steel yield strength. The results obtained indicate that the preloads on the steel tubes significantly reduce the stiffness and strength of CFST slender beam-columns with a maximum strength reduction of more than 15.8%. Based on the parametric studies, a design model is proposed for axially loaded rectangular CFST columns with preload effects. The fiber element and design models proposed allow for the structural designer to efficiently analyze and design CFST slender beam-columns subjected to preloads from the upper floors of a high-rise composite building during construction.