聚乳酸的合成研究

聚乳酸是一种脂肪族聚酯类可生物降解高分子材料,己成为生物降解医用材料领域中最受重视的材料之一。本文以D,L-乳酸（两种光学异构体）为原料,通过二步开环聚合法实验,探讨了乳酸合成D,L-丙交酯,以及丙交酯经重结晶提纯并充分干燥后,作为聚合单体进行聚合反应的反应历程中各种反应参数包括温度、反应时间、溶剂、催化剂种类等对丙交酯的产率和聚合产物的分子量的影响。     

丙交酯开环法合成聚乳酸工艺探讨

研究了丙交酯开环法合成聚乳酸的工艺路线,考察了反应温度、反应时间、催化剂用量等工艺条件对聚乳酸分子质量的影响,在优化工艺条件下可以得到高分子质量和高结晶度的聚乳酸。     

生物降解材料聚乳酸的合成

系统地介绍了包括丙交酯二步法、乳酸溶液聚合法和乳酸熔融聚合法在内的各种聚乳酸合成方法；并从安全和经济的观点出发，对聚乳酸的合成研究方向进行了展望，指出使用安全无毒的催化剂进行乳酸直接熔融聚合生产聚乳酸尤其值得大力开发。     

聚乳酸的间接合成研究

以D,L乳酸为原料、ZnO为催化剂,制备中间体丙交酯;再以丙交酯为原料、ZnO为催化剂,开环制得了较高相对分子质量的聚乳酸。用红外光谱仪(IR)对丙交酯及聚乳酸进行了表征,并讨论了影响丙交酯产率、聚乳酸相对分子质量的主要因素。得出在压力1.7×104Pa、催化剂质量分数为2.2%的条件下,两步脱水后制得的丙交酯经多次纯化后,其最大产率可达31%。在压力1.7×104Pa、催化剂质量分数0.06%时,可得到相对分子质量为1.1×105的聚乳酸。     

溶液聚合直接合成聚乳酸的研究

研究了以乳酸单体为原料在联苯醚中共沸脱水直接缩聚合成乳酸的方法 ,确定了最佳工艺条件 ,即锡粉 0 .2 9% ,聚苯醚 /乳酸为 4,13 0℃ ,4k Pa,反应 40 h,0 .3 nm分子筛脱水。与由乳酸先合成丙交酯再开环聚合的二步法相比 ,一步法工艺简单 ,试剂用量少 ,收率较高 ,成本更低     

聚乳酸制备研究进展

对聚乳酸的两类制备方法,特别是间接法所需中间体丙交酯的制备以及丙交酯开环聚合制备高相对分子质量的聚乳酸的研究进展进行综述。     

生物高分子聚乳酸的合成综述

聚乳酸是一种具有良好生物相容性,可以降解的高分子材料,广泛应用于医用、农业、工业、食品包装等领域,其中在医用领域的应用被越来越多的人们所重视.聚乳酸的合成方法主要有两种:乳酸直接聚合和丙交酯开环聚合.综述了近年来聚乳酸合成的最新研究进展,阐述了两种合成方法的具体内容及原理,并对聚乳酸的前景做出了高度的展望.     

聚乳酸的合成及其应用

综述了聚乳酸的合成方法，介绍了其生产应用现状。     

乳酸合成中间体丙交酯工艺的研究

以乳酸为原料合成中间体丙交醋,通过正交试验探讨了温度、时间、催化剂对反应的影响并确定了最佳的工艺条件：在100g乳酸中加入0．5gSnCl2·2H2O、0．75g对甲苯磺酸,在150℃下反应4h并在反应后期加入30mL正辛醇可照丙交醋收率达到43．3％。     

开环聚合法合成聚乳酸的研究

采用D,L-乳酸为原料,在丙交酯合成工艺中,以ZnO/Sn(Oct)2为催化剂,用量为反应物总质量的2.0%,同时采用减压气流法,能使丙交酯的收率高达39.2%;在丙交酯开环聚合工艺中,反应温度为160℃,制备出聚乳酸的分子量达到8.9×104。使用微机熔点仪、红外光谱(IR)分别对丙交酯的纯度与聚乳酸的结构进行了表征。     

丙交酯开环聚合催化体系的研究进展

介绍了丙交酯开环聚合的三种反应机理:阴离子型开环聚合、阳离子型开环聚合和配位-插入开环聚合。根据其反应机理,催化剂可分为:质子酸型催化体系、路易斯酸型催化体系、碱金属催化体系、金属有机化合物催化体系、氧化物催化体系、稀土化合物催化体系及其他催化体系。此文阐述了这7种催化体系的不同特点,对其催化性能进行了比较。     

Functionalized lactic acid macromonomers via polycondensation as an alternative to ring opening polymerization

Engineered polylactic acid (PLA) nanoparticles synthesized from oligo(lactic acid) macromonomers have been studied over the last decades for controlled drug delivery. These macromonomers are typically produced via ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of the cyclic dimer lactide, initiated by 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA). This reaction route, despite leading to well-defined macromonomers, relies on the production of lactide from lactic acid, which burdens the ROP overall cost for more than 30%. In this work, we report the synthesis of PLA-based macromonomers by direct polycondensation of lactic acid in the presence of HEMA as a valuable alternative to ROP. In particular, we compare the two processes side by side, focusing on the production of three HEMA-LA_n macromonomers, with n = 2, 4, and 6. Detailed kinetic models are developed for both reaction systems, and the corresponding parameters are estimated by fitting the experimental data. Through these models, the reaction kinetics as well as the time evolution of the entire chain length distributions of the products from polycondensation and ROP could be reliably predicted. This way, we demonstrated that polycondensation is a valuable alternative to ROP only for macromonomers with an average chain length of up to 4 and that ROP remains the main route to longer chains, when a strict control over the chain length distribution is required.     

Highly efficient ring-opening polymerization of tetrahydrofuran by anhydrous ferric chloride

Poly(tetramethylene ether glycol) (PTMG), widely used as a precursor in the fabrication of commodity polymers, is typically produced byacid-catalyzed polymerization of tetrahydrofuran (THF). Herein, we report a detailed investigation of the cationic ring-opening polymerization of THF catalyzed by ferric chloride (FeCl₃), which can be considered as a strong Lewisacid. The polymerization reactions were performed in the presence of acetic anhydride at 20°C with FeCl₃, which readily produced poly(tetramethylene ether glycol diester) (PTMG_DE). A maximum yield of 79.2% was obtained within 30 min using a FeCl₃ to acetic anhydride molar ratio of 5:4. The resulting polymers generally exhibited low molecular weights and a narrow polydispersity index and could be easily converted into PTMG using aqueous NaOH. In contrast with the FeCl₃-acetic anhydride system, other iron-based catalysts such as FeCl₂ and FeCl₃·6H₂O did not show any noticeable activity in the polymerization of THF. The proposed mechanism involves initiation of the acetyl cation generated by FeCl₃, propagation by nucleophilic addition of THF, and termination by the acetate anion, accounting for the high activity of the FeCl₃ catalyst for THF polymerization. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 47999.     

聚乳酸中间体——丙交酯制备工艺

研究了间接法合成聚乳酸用的中间体丙交酯的制备工艺。以工业D,L-乳酸(lacticacid)为原料,丙交酯粗产物的收率为考查指标,通过正交实验得到了最佳制备工艺条件为:以4%(v/v)的辛酸亚锡为催化剂,脱水温度为180℃,解聚温度为285℃,得到粗产物收率为72.4%。粗品丙交酯1次重结晶后收率为59.3%,熔点为95.0～96.2℃;5次重结晶后总收率为50.7%,熔点为125.2～126.5℃。同时采用FTIR与1HNMR对产物进行了结构表征。     

Radical ring-opening emulsion polymerization of vinylcyclopropanes

Radical emulsion polymerizations of vinylcyclopropanes, 1,1-bis(ethoxycarbonyl)-2-vinylcyclopropane (ECVCP) and 1,1-dichloro-2-vinylcyclopropane (CVCP) were examined. ECVCP underwent soap-free and soap-in emulsion polymerizations satisfactorily to afford the ring-opened polymer in good yields. Polymer emulsions were obtained in a spherical shape with single particle size distribution. Meanwhile, emulsion polymerization of CVCP proceeded in only a low conversion. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 68: 497–501, 1998     

Synthesis of linear polysiloxanes with electron-donating organophosphorus pendant groups by kinetically controlled ring-opening polymerization

Six-membered ring siloxane monomers containing a phosphorus electron-donating groupR=–CH₂CH₂PPh₂ (1), –CH₂CH₂P(S)Ph₂ (2), and –CH₂CH₂P(O)Ph₂ (3) were synthesized. The anionic ring-opening polymerization of these monomers with kinetic control of products has been studied using tetrahydrofuran (THF) as solvent and lithium silanolates as initiators. The polymerization leads to a high molecular weight linear polymer with a very good yield in the case of2 and with a fairly good yield in the case of1 and3. The presence of the phosphorus group enhances the cyclization and broadens the molecular weight distribution of the linear polymer. This effect is relatively weak for the thiophosphinoyl group. At least in the case of the polymer obtained from2, phosphorus groups are distributed uniformly in the macromolecule, however, their arrangement along the chain is not regular. The interaction of polymers obtained from monomers1, 2, and3 with some electrophiles such as alkyl or silyl halides was demonstrated to lead to generation of polyelectrolytes.     

聚乳酸熔体流变性的研究

研究了聚 L -乳酸熔体的流变性 ,并与 PET熔体流变性进行了比较 ,发现聚 L -乳酸流体为切力变稀流体 ,当温度达 2 2 5℃ ,流动曲线上出现了第二牛顿区 ;粘流活化能高达 12 3k J/m ol;随着熔体温度的增大 ,其流动曲线下移 ,表观粘度下降 ,非牛顿指数增大 ,在 2 0 5～ 2 15℃区域内上升速率较大 ,其结构粘度指数变小 ,同时特性粘数的下降高达 39%。     

Synthesis of latex particles by ring-opening metathesis polymerization

This paper reviews the recent discoveries that were achieved by our group in the field of particle synthesis via ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). Both polynorbornene and polybutadiene-based particles were prepared by the respective ROMP of norbornene and cyclooctadiene initiated by (PCy₃)₂Cl₂RuCHPh using several methods of polymerization in dispersed media, such as dispersion, suspension and miniemulsion. Depending upon the process implemented, particles size was found to range from 300 nm to 20 μm.