解读6例典型的活性炭破解工业污水处理之道

工业的快速发展导致产生大量污水,这些污水的高效处理和循环使用受到越来越多的关注。分别阐述了活性炭处理含铬工业废水,活性炭处理含硫工业废水,活性炭处理含氰工业废水,活性炭处理含汞工业废水,活性炭处理含酚工业废水,以及活性炭处理含甲醇工业废水的特点和方法,同时指出了活性炭在工业废水处理中的发展前景。     

电子工业水污染现状及治理研究进展

论述电子工业废水污染的现状,酸、碱、重金属、氟离子、氰化物、有机物是其主要污染因子,具有可持续性和积累性。针对酸碱废水、含氰废水、重金属废水、含氟废水、有机废水等提出了治理措施。     

浅叙工业废水高级氧化处理技术

工业废水高级氧化处理技术能克服普通氧化法存在的问题,对工业废水有很好的降解效果。介绍了高级氧化法的优势,详细阐述了湿式空气氧化法、湿式催化氧化法、超临界水氧化法、光化学氧化法,膜技术的原理和应用领域。高级氧化法处理工业废水同传统的化学氧化法相比,具有氧化能力强、氧化过程无选择性、反应彻底等优点,对含微量难降解有机物废水的处理具有极大的应用价值。     

生物吸附处理重金属废水的影响因素分析

利用生物吸附处理含重金属废水较其他传统方法更具有优势。分析了生物吸附处理含重金属废水的各种影响因素,由此提出提高生物吸附重金属效率的建议,并展望其发展前景。     

印染废水处理的微藻吸附剂的制备与研究

由于印染废水水质复杂,含大量染料、重金属粒子、有机质等,直接排放将造成严重的环境污染,有必要对印染废水进行整治和处理。印染废水处理方法包括物理法、化学法、生物法等。藻生物吸收材料具有价格低廉、吸收容量大、可进行藻生态的资源化使用等优势,使用藻吸附剂处理印染工业废水能达到理想的效果。文章分析了影响藻类吸附性能的因素,并根据目前研究成果的不足,提出了藻类吸收与脱色工艺研究方向的建议。     

探究重金属废水处理技术和资源利用

水是维持人类社会发展最重要的一项资源,是生命得以存在的基础。人类社会的不断进步不仅导致了水资源消耗的加剧,也对生态环境中的水资源产生了污染。目前,工业化进程正在逐步加快,工业生产过程中产生了大量的工业废水,而这些废水中含有重金属,如果不进行处理直接排放,会导致自然生态环境的破坏,而生态环境的破坏又对人体健康有害,使我国的水污染形势更加严峻。因此,重金属废水处理技术是缓解重金属水污染的关键。为了加强对重金属废水的控制和处理,实现水资源的可持续利用,降低工业废水排放对自然生态造成的影响,本文重点探讨了几种常用的重金属废水处理技术,希望可以为相关部门及企业的工作提供一些参考。     

农林废弃物在工业废水处理中的应用

本文综述了未改性及改性的农林废弃物在脱除工业废水中重金属离子方面的应用优势及研究现状，并显示其在工业废水处理的应用前景。     

含重金属离子废水治理技术的研究进展

介绍了含重金属离子废水的主要来源以及其相应危害,基于含重金属离子废水治理技术的发展现状,对含重金属离子废水的处理策略进行了阐述。     

纤维素保护剂--Mg(OH)2在化学浆漂白中的应用

Mg(OH)2经常用来调节酸性废物的pH值和沉淀工业废水中的重金属以及用来对富含有机物的工业废水进行生物处理。因为它能够缓冲pH值并且操作安全，在许多有利于环境的应用中，Mg(OH)2已经代替了NaOH。     

生物吸附法处理重金属废水机理的研究进展

重金属废水是一类对生态环境和人体健康危害很大的工业废水,电镀、防腐、燃料等工业的迅速发展使得重金属对水体的污染更加严重。因此,寻找成本低、效率高的重金属废水处理方法是当下研究的一个重要方向。当前,处理重金属废水最有潜力的措施之一就是生物吸附法。本文在查阅大量相关文献的基础上概述了生物吸附法的机理,并同时展望了生物吸附法的发展和应用前景。     

皮革含铬废水处理工艺的研究热点及其绿色化发展

在当今绿色环保和科学发展的主题下,对皮革生产过程中产生的废水进行处理显得愈加重要。废水成分以铬盐最具毒性,也较难处理。含铬废水的处理工艺众多,工艺各有特色。本文综述了近年来国内外几种工艺处理的研究进展,着重探讨了含铬废水处理工艺中的优缺点与存在的问题,并展望了含铬废水处理工艺的发展趋势。     

Microbial community compositional analysis for series reactors treating high level antibiotic wastewater

A full-scale biosystem consisting of two anaerobic reactors (HA and BF1) and four aerobic ones (BF2-BF4 and OD) in succession and receiving antibiotic-bearing (mainly streptomycin) wastewater was used for studying the impacts of antibiotics on microbial community structures. Significant decreases of streptomycin (from 3955 ± 1910 to 23.1 ± 4.7 μg L(-1)) and COD(Cr) were observed along the treatment process. Cloning results show that the anaerobic reactors (HA and BF1) were dominated with Deltaproteobacteria (51%) mainly affiliated with sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB), while the aerobic BF2 receiving streptomycin of 408.6 ± 59.7 μg L(-1) was dominated with Betaproteobacteria (34%), Deltaproteobacteria (31%) and Bacteroidetes (14%). Gammaproteobacteria (15.9-22.4%), Betaproteobacteria (10.0-20.3%), and Bacteroidetes (4.5-29.7%) became the major bacterial groups in aerobic BF3-OD receiving streptomycin of ≤83 ± 13 μg L(-1). Archaea affiliated with Methanomethylovorans hollandica-like methylotroph was abundant in HA and BF1 (archaea/bacteria, 0.54-0.40; based on specific gene copy number), suggesting the coexistence of SRB and methanogens in degrading pollutants. Fungi were abundant (fungi/bacteria, 0.15; based on specific gene copy number) with the dominance of Ascomycota (clone ratio of Ascomycota/eukarya, 25.5%) in BF2, suggesting that fungi could be an important player in pollutant removal under high levels of antibiotics. This study demonstrates that under high antibiotic levels, wastewater treatment communities may maintain system stability through adjusting bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryal compositions.     

MBR工艺处理印染废水的研究进展

纺织是高能耗、高污染行业,印染废水对我国环境影响巨大.近几十年,众多学者对印染废水的处理技术进行了大量研究.其中,膜生物反应器(M B R)由于占地面积小、出水水质好、污泥浓度高、污泥产率低等被用作处理印染废水的首选工艺之一.梳理了MBR工艺处理印染废水的研究文献,总结亟需解决的难题.     

改性壳聚糖的制备及其在鞣革废水中的应用

本文以过硫酸铵和亚硫酸氢钠为引发剂,在N2保护下,以丙烯酰胺为接枝物,对壳聚糖进行改性,制得了壳聚糖接枝丙烯酰胺共聚物（CAM）,并将其应用于处理铬鞣废水。确定了以壳聚糖接枝共聚物在处理含铬废水中的最佳加入量,适宜的搅拌时间、搅拌速度和最佳pH值等条件。结果表明：对铬鞣废水进行絮凝处理时的CAM的最佳用量为2 mg（CAM）.L-1（废水）,pH值为7.8时,搅拌速度为200 r.min-1,搅拌时间为3 min,沉降时间为4 h,其絮凝效果最好,Cr（Ⅲ）的去除率达到94%。     

UASB上流式厌氧污泥床反应器的发展进程及其在处理酿酒废水中的应用进展

酿酒废水中有机物浓度高、悬浮物高、呈酸性,受到废水处理行业的高度重视。UASB上流式厌氧污泥床反应器因适应负荷冲击、温度和pH值的变化,在酿酒废水处理中受到广泛的推广应用。本文介绍了UASB上流式厌氧污泥床反应器的工作原理、发展进程及其在处理酿酒废水中的应用,这对今后UASB反应器的发展及提高酿酒废水的处理能力具有重要的意义。     

17alpha-ethinylestradiol transformation via abiotic nitration in the presence of ammonia oxidizing bacteria

Impacts of trace concentrations of estrogens on aquatic ecosystems are a serious environmental concern, with their primary source being wastewater treatment facility effluents. Increased removal of 17alpha-ethinylestradiol (EE2) has been reported for activated sludge treatment with long enough solids retention time for nitrification. Previous work based on batch tests with Nitrosomonas europaea and nitrifying activated sludge at high EE2 concentrations (>300 000 ng/L) and high NH4-N concentrations (>200 mg/L) has led to the hypothesis that ammonia oxidizing bacteria cometabolically degrade EE2. This work investigated EE2 transformation with N. europaea and Nitrosospira multiformis at environmentally relevant EE2 concentrations and LC-MS-MS to observe transformation products. Degradation of EE2 was not observed in batch tests with no NH4-N addition or with 10 mg/L NH4-N fed daily. At increased NH4-N concentrations (200-500 mg/L) EE2 transformation was observed, but the only detected products were nitrated EE2. Abiotic assays with growth medium confirmed EE2 removal by nitration, which is enhanced at low pH and high NO2-N concentrations. These results suggest that EE2 removal at low concentrations found in municipal treatment activated sludge systems is not due to cometabolic degradation by ammonia oxidizing bacteria, or to abiotic nitration, but most likely due to heterotrophic bacteria.     

味精高浓度有机废水治理技术新途径

通过选育光合细菌、酵母菌、牙孢杆菌、硫化细菌,获得高活性菌种,利用多元微生物发酵技术,制成多元微生物活菌制剂,寻找出一种低投入、高效益新方法,适合味精厂的有机废水综合治理的新技术。使废水排放达到国家标准,同时生产酵母抽提物(酵母精)、PSB菌体蛋白饲料等废水资源化产品,使之有效应用在味精工业的高浓度有机废水治理上的技术探讨。     

Carbon and sulfur cycling by microbial communities in a gypsum-treated oil sands tailings pond

Oil sands tailings ponds receive and store the solid and liquid waste from bitumen extraction and are managed to promote solids densification and water recycling. The ponds are highly stratified due to increasing solids content as a function of depth but can be impacted by tailings addition and removal and by convection due to microbial gas production. We characterized the microbial communities in relation to microbial activities as a function of depth in an active tailings pond routinely treated with gypsum (CaSO(4)·2H(2)O) to accelerate densification. Pyrosequencing of 16S rDNA gene sequences indicated that the aerobic surface layer, where the highest level of sulfate (6 mM) but no sulfide was detected, had a very different community profile than the rest of the pond. Deeper anaerobic layers were dominated by syntrophs (Pelotomaculum, Syntrophus, and Smithella spp.), sulfate- and sulfur-reducing bacteria (SRB, Desulfocapsa and Desulfurivibrio spp.), acetate- and H(2)-using methanogens, and a variety of other anaerobes that have been implicated in hydrocarbon utilization or iron and sulfur cycling. The SRB were most abundant from 10 to 14 mbs, bracketing the zone where the sulfate reduction rate was highest. Similarly, the most abundant methanogens and syntrophs identified as a function of depth closely mirrored the fluctuating methanogenesis rates. Methanogenesis was inhibited in laboratory incubations by nearly 50% when sulfate was supplied at pond-level concentrations suggesting that in situ sulfate reduction can substantially minimize methane emissions. Based on our data, we hypothesize that the emission of sulfide due to SRB activity in the gypsum treated pond is also limited due to its high solubility and oxidation in surface waters.     

Bioaccumulation of chromium from tannery wastewater: an approach for chrome recovery and reuse

The presence of chromium in the effluent is a major concern for the tanning industry. Currently, chemical precipitation methods are practiced for the removal of chromium from the effluent, but that leads to the formation of chrome-bearing solid wastes. The other membrane separation and ion exchange methods available are unfeasible due to their cost. In this study, the removal of chromium from tannery effluent has been carried out using abundantly available brown seaweed Sargassum wightii. Simulated chrome tanning solution was used for the standardization of experimental trials. Various factors influencing the uptake of chromium, viz., quantity of seaweed, concentrations of chromium, pH of the chrome-bearing wastewater, and duration of treatment, have been studied. Chemical modification of the seaweed through pretreatment with sulfuric acid, magnesium chloride, and calcium chloride showed improved uptake of chromium. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms have been fitted for various quantities of seaweed. The dynamic method of treatment of protonated seaweed with simulated chrome tanning solution at a pH of 3.5-3.8 for a duration of 6 h gave the maximum uptake of about 83%. A similar uptake has been established for commercial chrome tanning wastewater containing the same concentration of chromium. The Sargassum species exhibited a maximum uptake of 35 mg of chromium per gram of seaweed. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, and flame photometry studies have been carried out to understand the mechanistic pathway for the removal of chromium. The potential reuse of chromium-containing seaweed for the preparation of basic chromium sulfate (tanning agent) has been demonstrated.     

印染废水中聚乙烯醇浆料的高效去除及六价铬的协同还原

聚乙烯醇(PVA)是印染废水有机污染物的主要来源,同时含铬显影剂的使用导致部分印染废水含有六价铬(Cr(Ⅵ)),高浓度PVA及高毒性Cr(Ⅵ)的协同处理技术亟待突破。利用过硫酸盐热活化可引发聚合物发生自由基交联反应的特点,研究印染废水中PVA及Cr(Ⅵ)协同处理的方法。考察了过硫酸盐投加量、反应温度、初始pH值、Cr(Ⅵ)初始浓度等因素对二者去除效率的影响,借助X射线光电子能谱、凝胶渗透色谱等手段分析了反应沉淀物及剩余废水中残留物,探索了PVA及Cr(Ⅵ)的协同处理机制。结果表明：当过硫酸盐质量浓度为8.0 g/L、反应温度为70℃、废水pH值小于6时,模拟印染废水的化学需氧量去除率达91.9%,PVA去除率可达98.0%,Cr(Ⅵ)还原率为94.3%;过硫酸盐热活化引发PVA自由基交联及PVA的还原性是PVA高效沉淀及Cr(Ⅵ)有效还原的主要原因,此类浆料与重金属污染物的协同处理在印染废水方面具有一定的应用前景。