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工业的快速发展导致产生大量污水,这些污水的高效处理和循环使用受到越来越多的关注。分别阐述了活性炭处理含铬工业废水,活性炭处理含硫工业废水,活性炭处理含氰工业废水,活性炭处理含汞工业废水,活性炭处理含酚工业废水,以及活性炭处理含甲醇工业废水的特点和方法,同时指出了活性炭在工业废水处理中的发展前景。 相似文献
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水是维持人类社会发展最重要的一项资源,是生命得以存在的基础。人类社会的不断进步不仅导致了水资源消耗的加剧,也对生态环境中的水资源产生了污染。目前,工业化进程正在逐步加快,工业生产过程中产生了大量的工业废水,而这些废水中含有重金属,如果不进行处理直接排放,会导致自然生态环境的破坏,而生态环境的破坏又对人体健康有害,使我国的水污染形势更加严峻。因此,重金属废水处理技术是缓解重金属水污染的关键。为了加强对重金属废水的控制和处理,实现水资源的可持续利用,降低工业废水排放对自然生态造成的影响,本文重点探讨了几种常用的重金属废水处理技术,希望可以为相关部门及企业的工作提供一些参考。 相似文献
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介绍了含重金属离子废水的主要来源以及其相应危害,基于含重金属离子废水治理技术的发展现状,对含重金属离子废水的处理策略进行了阐述。 相似文献
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纤维素保护剂--Mg(OH)2在化学浆漂白中的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Mg(OH)2经常用来调节酸性废物的pH值和沉淀工业废水中的重金属以及用来对富含有机物的工业废水进行生物处理。因为它能够缓冲pH值并且操作安全,在许多有利于环境的应用中,Mg(OH)2已经代替了NaOH。 相似文献
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Microbial community compositional analysis for series reactors treating high level antibiotic wastewater 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Deng Y Zhang Y Gao Y Li D Liu R Liu M Zhang H Hu B Yu T Yang M 《Environmental science & technology》2012,46(2):795-801
A full-scale biosystem consisting of two anaerobic reactors (HA and BF1) and four aerobic ones (BF2-BF4 and OD) in succession and receiving antibiotic-bearing (mainly streptomycin) wastewater was used for studying the impacts of antibiotics on microbial community structures. Significant decreases of streptomycin (from 3955 ± 1910 to 23.1 ± 4.7 μg L(-1)) and COD(Cr) were observed along the treatment process. Cloning results show that the anaerobic reactors (HA and BF1) were dominated with Deltaproteobacteria (51%) mainly affiliated with sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB), while the aerobic BF2 receiving streptomycin of 408.6 ± 59.7 μg L(-1) was dominated with Betaproteobacteria (34%), Deltaproteobacteria (31%) and Bacteroidetes (14%). Gammaproteobacteria (15.9-22.4%), Betaproteobacteria (10.0-20.3%), and Bacteroidetes (4.5-29.7%) became the major bacterial groups in aerobic BF3-OD receiving streptomycin of ≤83 ± 13 μg L(-1). Archaea affiliated with Methanomethylovorans hollandica-like methylotroph was abundant in HA and BF1 (archaea/bacteria, 0.54-0.40; based on specific gene copy number), suggesting the coexistence of SRB and methanogens in degrading pollutants. Fungi were abundant (fungi/bacteria, 0.15; based on specific gene copy number) with the dominance of Ascomycota (clone ratio of Ascomycota/eukarya, 25.5%) in BF2, suggesting that fungi could be an important player in pollutant removal under high levels of antibiotics. This study demonstrates that under high antibiotic levels, wastewater treatment communities may maintain system stability through adjusting bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryal compositions. 相似文献
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17alpha-ethinylestradiol transformation via abiotic nitration in the presence of ammonia oxidizing bacteria 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Impacts of trace concentrations of estrogens on aquatic ecosystems are a serious environmental concern, with their primary source being wastewater treatment facility effluents. Increased removal of 17alpha-ethinylestradiol (EE2) has been reported for activated sludge treatment with long enough solids retention time for nitrification. Previous work based on batch tests with Nitrosomonas europaea and nitrifying activated sludge at high EE2 concentrations (>300 000 ng/L) and high NH4-N concentrations (>200 mg/L) has led to the hypothesis that ammonia oxidizing bacteria cometabolically degrade EE2. This work investigated EE2 transformation with N. europaea and Nitrosospira multiformis at environmentally relevant EE2 concentrations and LC-MS-MS to observe transformation products. Degradation of EE2 was not observed in batch tests with no NH4-N addition or with 10 mg/L NH4-N fed daily. At increased NH4-N concentrations (200-500 mg/L) EE2 transformation was observed, but the only detected products were nitrated EE2. Abiotic assays with growth medium confirmed EE2 removal by nitration, which is enhanced at low pH and high NO2-N concentrations. These results suggest that EE2 removal at low concentrations found in municipal treatment activated sludge systems is not due to cometabolic degradation by ammonia oxidizing bacteria, or to abiotic nitration, but most likely due to heterotrophic bacteria. 相似文献
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Ramos-Padrón E Bordenave S Lin S Bhaskar IM Dong X Sensen CW Fournier J Voordouw G Gieg LM 《Environmental science & technology》2011,45(2):439-446
Oil sands tailings ponds receive and store the solid and liquid waste from bitumen extraction and are managed to promote solids densification and water recycling. The ponds are highly stratified due to increasing solids content as a function of depth but can be impacted by tailings addition and removal and by convection due to microbial gas production. We characterized the microbial communities in relation to microbial activities as a function of depth in an active tailings pond routinely treated with gypsum (CaSO(4)·2H(2)O) to accelerate densification. Pyrosequencing of 16S rDNA gene sequences indicated that the aerobic surface layer, where the highest level of sulfate (6 mM) but no sulfide was detected, had a very different community profile than the rest of the pond. Deeper anaerobic layers were dominated by syntrophs (Pelotomaculum, Syntrophus, and Smithella spp.), sulfate- and sulfur-reducing bacteria (SRB, Desulfocapsa and Desulfurivibrio spp.), acetate- and H(2)-using methanogens, and a variety of other anaerobes that have been implicated in hydrocarbon utilization or iron and sulfur cycling. The SRB were most abundant from 10 to 14 mbs, bracketing the zone where the sulfate reduction rate was highest. Similarly, the most abundant methanogens and syntrophs identified as a function of depth closely mirrored the fluctuating methanogenesis rates. Methanogenesis was inhibited in laboratory incubations by nearly 50% when sulfate was supplied at pond-level concentrations suggesting that in situ sulfate reduction can substantially minimize methane emissions. Based on our data, we hypothesize that the emission of sulfide due to SRB activity in the gypsum treated pond is also limited due to its high solubility and oxidation in surface waters. 相似文献
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Bioaccumulation of chromium from tannery wastewater: an approach for chrome recovery and reuse 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Aravindhan R Madhan B Rao JR Nair BU Ramasami T 《Environmental science & technology》2004,38(1):300-306
The presence of chromium in the effluent is a major concern for the tanning industry. Currently, chemical precipitation methods are practiced for the removal of chromium from the effluent, but that leads to the formation of chrome-bearing solid wastes. The other membrane separation and ion exchange methods available are unfeasible due to their cost. In this study, the removal of chromium from tannery effluent has been carried out using abundantly available brown seaweed Sargassum wightii. Simulated chrome tanning solution was used for the standardization of experimental trials. Various factors influencing the uptake of chromium, viz., quantity of seaweed, concentrations of chromium, pH of the chrome-bearing wastewater, and duration of treatment, have been studied. Chemical modification of the seaweed through pretreatment with sulfuric acid, magnesium chloride, and calcium chloride showed improved uptake of chromium. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms have been fitted for various quantities of seaweed. The dynamic method of treatment of protonated seaweed with simulated chrome tanning solution at a pH of 3.5-3.8 for a duration of 6 h gave the maximum uptake of about 83%. A similar uptake has been established for commercial chrome tanning wastewater containing the same concentration of chromium. The Sargassum species exhibited a maximum uptake of 35 mg of chromium per gram of seaweed. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, and flame photometry studies have been carried out to understand the mechanistic pathway for the removal of chromium. The potential reuse of chromium-containing seaweed for the preparation of basic chromium sulfate (tanning agent) has been demonstrated. 相似文献
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聚乙烯醇(PVA)是印染废水有机污染物的主要来源,同时含铬显影剂的使用导致部分印染废水含有六价铬(Cr(Ⅵ)),高浓度PVA及高毒性Cr(Ⅵ)的协同处理技术亟待突破。利用过硫酸盐热活化可引发聚合物发生自由基交联反应的特点,研究印染废水中PVA及Cr(Ⅵ)协同处理的方法。考察了过硫酸盐投加量、反应温度、初始pH值、Cr(Ⅵ)初始浓度等因素对二者去除效率的影响,借助X射线光电子能谱、凝胶渗透色谱等手段分析了反应沉淀物及剩余废水中残留物,探索了PVA及Cr(Ⅵ)的协同处理机制。结果表明:当过硫酸盐质量浓度为8.0 g/L、反应温度为70℃、废水pH值小于6时,模拟印染废水的化学需氧量去除率达91.9%,PVA去除率可达98.0%,Cr(Ⅵ)还原率为94.3%;过硫酸盐热活化引发PVA自由基交联及PVA的还原性是PVA高效沉淀及Cr(Ⅵ)有效还原的主要原因,此类浆料与重金属污染物的协同处理在印染废水方面具有一定的应用前景。 相似文献