近红外光谱技术在生鲜禽肉质量检测中应用的研究进展

近红外光谱（near-infrared spectroscopy,NIRS）技术作为一种快速、无损、绿色的检测技术正在被广泛用于禽肉品质研究,通过将肉样光谱信息和品质指标参考值相关联,构建高精度、高稳定性的数学模型预测未知肉品品质。相比传统检测方式,NIRS技术具有无需预处理、更加丰富的信息量、数据计算更快等优势,在肉制品检测应用方面潜力巨大。本文主要综述了NIRS技术在生鲜禽肉（鸡肉、鸭肉、鹅肉）物理属性、化学指标以及微生物腐败等方面检测的研究进展,归纳总结了NIRS技术结合不同化学计量学算法构建模型检测禽肉各品质指标的效果,同时提出了NIRS技术在检测禽肉方面存在的缺点及未来发展趋势,可为改善NIRS技术检测应用、研发便携式NIRS检测设备提供数据支撑和理论参考。     

小麦粉品质在线无损快速检测系统设计与实现

目的:快速无损检测小麦粉的品质。方法:搭建主要包括微型近红外光谱仪集成装置、生产线可调速模拟装置、光谱在线采集控制软件和在线建模分析软件四大部分小麦粉品质在线检测系统,针对小麦粉中水分、灰分、面筋指标采用不同建模算法建立定量分析模型,并对在线定量分析模型稳健性进行优化,分析不同试验条件对建模结果的影响。结果:偏最小二乘回归(PLSR)算法对水分、灰分、面筋的定量分析模型均优于多元线性回归(MLR)和主成分回归(PCR)算法。用石英玻璃杯在线采集小麦粉样品的建模效果最佳,15档速度/积分时间6 000 ms最佳配比的建模效果最佳。结论:基于近红外光谱分析技术的小麦粉品质在线检测系统,可以实现小麦粉品质在线无损快速检测。     

梨果实近红外光谱无损检测技术研究进展

梨果实容易发生果肉褐变,即使外观完好,也有可能内部发生劣变。近红外光谱(NIRS)分析技术以其快速、无损、多组分同时测定等优势,近年来在梨果实无损检测应用的研究中取得重要进展。本文介绍了NIRS检测技术的原理与方法,综述了国内外应用NIRS无损检测技术在梨糖度、酸度、硬度等内部品质、褐变和损伤等内部缺陷方面及便携式检测的研究进展,并对其存在的问题及应用前景进行了展望。     

近红外光谱无损检测在食用油脂分析中的应用研究进展

近红外光谱技术作为一种具有样品前处理简便、快速高效、可以实现多组分同时分析等优点的新型无损分析技术,在食用油脂分析领域扮演着重要角色。对近10年来近红外光谱技术在食用油脂无损检测中的应用进行了总结,概述了近红外光谱技术的分析类型,在食用油脂和食用油脂原料分析方面的应用。通过结合化学计量学方法,近红外光谱技术可以实现不同种类食用油脂的快速鉴别分析,食用油脂的各项理化指标(如游离脂肪酸的含量、碘值、酸值、过氧化值、皂化值等)的快速检测,食用油脂无损掺假检测,食用油脂原料(如玉米、棉籽、油菜籽等)含油量的无损分析。此外,针对当前食用成品油快速无损分析过程中的难题对未来该领域的研究方向进行了展望,以期近红外光谱技术在食用油脂无损分析领域得到更广泛的应用。     

近红外光谱分析技术在食品检测中的应用研究进展

近30年来,近红外光谱技术(near-infrared spectroscopy,NIRS)作为一项高效、简便、无损的分析技术得到了长足的发展,并在食品质量监测领域得到了越来越广泛的应用。结合新型化学计量学方法,NIRS可以有效实现对食品进行组分含量测定、产品分类、掺伪检测等。文中综述了近年来利用NIRS分析技术结合化学计量学方法在食品检测中的一些研究进展情况。     

近红外光谱技术在肉品掺假检测方面的研究进展

近红外光谱(Near-Infrared Spectroscopy,NIRS)技术是一种通过获取被测样品的近红外光谱信息,并使用化学计量学方法挖掘被测样品指标和光谱信息之间定性定量关系的一种无损分析技术。该技术通过构建精确度高、稳定性好的数学模型,可在不破坏样品完整性和无需样品前处理的前提下获取被测样品信息,实现肉品掺假成分及掺假量的快速预测,目前在肉品掺假方面已有大量研究且应用潜力巨大。本文主要综述了2010年至今NIRS用于肉品掺假研究方面的研究进展和最新成果,可为后续研发肉品掺假无损快检设备提供数据支撑和理论参考。     

基于云计算的食品品质实时在线光谱检测系统实现

为解决光谱检测技术中的模型维护成本高、扩展性不足和光谱资源共享性较差等问题,改善专用便携式光谱仪检测分析对象的局限性,将光谱数据采集和分析功能进行解耦,使用Android开发工具和Java语言,开发了以便携式光谱仪、手机终端和云服务器构成的光谱实时在线检测系统,基于云计算服务完成云端光谱模型的建立与分析。以小麦粉面筋定量分析为例,采用多元散射校正、竞争性自适应重加权采样法、偏最小二乘回归算法建立小麦粉面筋定量分析模型,测试25个小麦粉样本并返回分析结果,验证系统可靠性。结果表明,25个小麦粉样本面筋含量误差范围在0~0.7%,分析结果消耗时间平均为7.09s,误差范围和分析结果耗时均在可接受范围内,验证了基于云计算服务实现光谱实时在线检测分析是可行的。通过部署不同食品主要成分的定量分析模型至云端,系统可实现多种食品品质的实时在线检测分析,希望为多场景下食品品质快速无损检测提供技术参考。     

近红外光谱、中红外光谱、拉曼光谱无损检测技术在食用油脂分析中的研究进展

近红外光谱(NIRS)、中红外光谱(MIRS)及拉曼光谱(Raman)技术能对样品进行无损分析,近年来在油脂分析领域表现出极大的应用潜力.本文综述了NIRS、MIRS及Raman技术在油脂分析中的研究进展,具体介绍了油脂脂肪酸组成分析、食用油的掺假鉴别、游离脂肪酸分析、脂肪酸顺反结构和不饱和度分析等方面的应用,并对NIRS、MIRS及Raman技术在油脂分析中的应用前景做了进一步展望.     

近红外光谱法对黄豆和酱油的质量分析

近红外光谱(Near-infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy,NIRS)分析技术是一项新的无损检测技术,能够高效、快速、准确检测样品.本文通过光谱分析、模型建立、方法评估三个方面确定近红外光谱技术应用于黄豆和酱油质量分析的可行性.     

近红外光谱技术在食品掺伪检测应用中的研究进展

近年来,我国食品掺伪现象严重。目前一些常用的食品掺伪检测方法费时费力,需要消耗大量的化学试剂。近红外光谱技术能够实现快速、无损、在线的食品掺伪检测。本文综述近红外光谱技术在食用油、牛奶、蜂蜜、饮料等液态食品和肉制品、奶粉、茶叶、小麦粉等固态食品掺伪检测应用中的研究进展,同时分析近红外光谱技术在掺伪检测中的局限性以及存在问题,并对今后的进一步研究提出展望。     

不同粉路小麦面粉理化性质与流变学特性分析

以15个不同出粉口小麦粉为样品,采用宏观理化表征与微观显微技术相结合的方法测定其特性。结果表明:M粉的前中路易糊化,其峰值黏度、低谷黏度、最终黏度、稀懈值、回生值比较高,其次是B粉的前路,而M粉的后路、B粉的后路、XF粉与T粉糊化指标相对较低,品质较差。面筋蛋白含量高的小麦面粉的吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间和粉质质量指数也相对较高,面筋蛋白含量对面团稳定时间影响很大,但相同筋力不同粉路的小麦面粉变化幅度不同。旨在为提高面粉品质分析与控制提供理论依据。     

OPTIMIZATION OF GLUTEN PEAK TESTER: A STATISTICAL APPROACH

ABSTRACT

Response surface methodology was applied to develop a standard method for gluten peak tester. Four variables – flour weight, temperature, solvent and rpm – were varied as per the center composite design, and the responses – torque and peak maximum time – were analyzed. Flour–solvent interaction was observed to be the most significant factor impacting the peak torque for whole meal and hard wheat flours while flour (g) and rpm were the most significant for soft wheat flour and insignificant for whole meal flour. The setting 8.5 g flour, 9.5 g solvent (0.5 M CaCl₂), 34C temperature and 1,900 rpm was obtained as the standard setting applicable to whole meal as well as refined flours from soft and hard wheats.

PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS

Gluten quality is an important criterion to predict flour performance in cereal processing industry. The gluten peak tester has been recently introduced as a sensitive and rapid way of testing wheat gluten quality. The current research was designed to optimize the gluten peak tester to work with wheat varieties with a wide range of protein contents so as to lay a baseline for method development to assess gluten quality of different wheat varieties/lines within a short time span with minimum sample requirements which is very critical for the breeding industry.     

马铃薯全粉在面条中的应用研究

将马铃薯全粉添加到小麦粉中,并辅助添加谷朊粉,制成马铃薯全粉面条。从质构特性、微观结构和面条的理化性质三个层面对三个不同马铃薯全粉添加比例的面条组别进行研究,发现马铃薯全粉对面团的力学性质,面筋网络的形成和构造以及面条的蒸煮参数和外观都会产生一定的影响。结果表明：马铃薯全粉添加量为20%（g/g）,谷朊粉添加为0.03%（g/g）时,总体指标最好;马铃薯全粉对面团的作用具有双向性,马铃薯淀粉对面团的影响偏负向,但是其中的多糖和蛋白质可能对面团和面筋网络有正向影响,同时谷朊粉的添加对面团的稳定性和面条的质量有改善作用。     

紫苏面包粉的制备及其粉质特性分析

以面包专用粉为主料,添加紫苏油粕粉制备具有紫苏风味的紫苏面包粉,并添加适量的谷朊粉改善其粉质特性,采用粉质仪检测,以吸水量、形成时间、稳定时间和质量指数为考核指标,研究紫苏油粕粉和谷朊粉添加量对紫苏面包粉品质的影响。结果表明,紫苏油粕粉添加量10%,谷朊粉添加7%时,紫苏面包粉粉质最优:吸水量60.9%,形成时间10 min20s,稳定时间12min 36s,质量指数140。     

小米莲子面条中添加剂复配的研究

以小米粉、莲子粉和小麦粉为原料,研究不同添加量的谷朊粉、瓜尔豆胶、黄原胶以及不同加水量对莲子小米面条质构的影响。通过L9（34）正交试验、TPA全质构分析和感官评定,得出最优配方为：混合粉100 g,加水量为40 g,食盐2 g,食碱0.2 g,谷朊粉5 g,瓜尔豆胶0.1 g,黄原胶0.3 g。     

Protein Characteristics that Affect the Quality of Vital Wheat Gluten to be Used in Baking: A Review

The use of vital wheat gluten in the baking industry and wheat flour mills aims to improve the rheological characteristics of flour considered unsuitable to obtain products such as sliced bread, French bread, high‐fiber breads, and other products that require strong flours. To improve characteristics such as flour strength, dough mixing tolerance, and bread volume, vital wheat gluten is added to flour at levels that can vary from 2% to 10% (flour basis), with 5% being a commonly used dosage. However, the vital wheat gluten commercialized in the market has few quality specifications, especially related to the characteristics of the proteins that constitute it and are responsible for the formation of the viscoelastic gluten network. Information on protein quality is important, because variations are observed in the technological quality of vital wheat gluten obtained from different sources, which could be associated to damage caused to proteins during the obtainment process. Several tests, either physical–chemical analyses, or rheological tests, are carried out to establish gluten quality; however, they are sometimes time‐consuming and costly. Although these tests give good answers to specify gluten quality, flour mills, and the baking industries require fast and simple tests to evaluate the uses and/or dosage of vital gluten addition to wheat flour. This review covers the concepts, uses, obtainment processes, and quality analysis of vital wheat gluten, as well as simple tests to help identify details about protein quality of commercial vital wheat gluten.     

Detection of insect fragments in wheat flour by near-infrared spectroscopy

Insect fragments in commercial wheat flour are a major concern to the milling industry because consumers expect high quality and wholesome products at the retail level. Thus, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has established a defect action level of 75 insect fragments per 50 g of flour. Millers routinely test their wheat flour to comply with this federal requirement and to deliver sound flour to their consumers. The current standard flotation method for detecting fragments in flour is expensive and labor intensive. Therefore, we examined the possible use of a rapid, near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) method for detecting insect fragments in wheat flour. We also compared the sensitivity and accuracy of the NIRS method with that of the current standard flotation method. Fragment counts with both techniques were significantly correlated with the actual number of fragments present in flour samples. However, the flotation method was more sensitive than the NIRS method with fragment counts below the FDA defect action level. We were unable to predict whether the number of fragments in a sample exceeded the FDA action level with our NIRS instrumentation. However, we were able to predict accurately whether flour samples contained less than or more than 130 fragments. Although current NIRS instruments are unable to detect insect fragments at the FDA action level, this method should be re-examined in the future because NIRS technology is rapidly improving.