菊粉添加量对面团流变学特性和面包品质的影响

采用粉质仪、拉伸仪、质构分析仪(TA)研究不同添加量菊粉(2%~10%)对面粉粉质特性、拉伸特性和面包焙烤品质的影响。实验结果表明,随着菊粉的添加,面团的吸水率几乎不变,形成时间和稳定时间延长,弱化度降低,评价值增加;面团延伸度指标呈现一定的增大趋势,但拉伸曲线面积、拉伸阻力、最大拉伸阻力和拉伸比呈现先增加后减少的趋势。面包的硬度、弹性、咀嚼性和回复性因添加菊粉而下降。综合感官评定可知,当菊粉添加量为6%时,面包综合品质达到最佳状态。      

添加不同粉碎香菇粉对面团发酵特性及面包品质的影响

本文研究了四种不同粉碎方式(普通粉碎、剪切超微粉碎、气流超微粉碎和纳米超微粉碎)处理的香菇伞粉和柄粉对面团发酵特性和面包品质的影响。结果表明:添加不同粉碎处理的香菇粉能增大面团的硬度,且随添加量的增加而增大,添加柄粉的面团硬度大于伞粉的面团硬度。添加同一粉碎处理的香菇粉面团粘度随添加量的增加而下降。当香菇粉添加量为4.0%时,与对照面团相比,面团较硬,粘弹性较差。综合面团产气量、硬度和粘度变化分析,纳米超微粉碎香菇伞粉添加量在1.0%以内,发酵100 min后,面团的产气量和粘度较高,硬度较低,面团品质较好。从面包品质上看,当添加量不超过1.0%时,添加气流超微粉碎和纳米超微粉碎香菇伞粉的面包水分含量和比容更接近对照面包。添加纳米超微粉碎香菇柄粉的面包亮度适中、色泽较白,弹性和回复性较好,硬度和咀嚼性较低。     

木糖添加量对面团流变学特性与面包品质的影响

添加木糖代替面包配方中的蔗糖,采用直接发酵法制作木糖面包。采用粉质仪法、拉伸仪法测定添加木糖前后面团的流变学特性,研究木糖添加量对面团流变学特性和面包品质的影响。结果表明:木糖添加量越高,面团的粉质指数越低,稳定和断裂时间越短,软化度和公差指数越高;添加木糖可使面团的吸水量减少,对形成时间无影响。随木糖添加量的增加,面团的拉伸能量、拉伸阻力和拉伸比降低,而延伸度增加;但是随醒发时间的增加,木糖添加量与拉伸特性各指标间相关系数降低,木糖对面团拉伸特性的影响效果减弱。配方中添加1.5%的蔗糖即可满足面包酵母生长需求。添加木糖对面包的规则度影响较小,但可使面包的体积和比容变小,感官品质变差;木糖添加量3.0%时面包硬度最小,超过3.0%时面包体积、比容和感官得分明显降低。添加木糖可提高面包的水分保持能力和抗氧化能力,对酸度和酸价无影响。     

羧甲基纤维素钠对面团特性及面包品质的影响

研究了添加羧甲基纤维素钠对面团特性、面包烘焙特性及面包货架期的影响.结果表明,添加CMC-Na能使面团的吸水率增加,面团的形成时间、稳定时间、断裂时间缩短,评价值降低,面团的拉伸能量、拉伸阻力、拉伸长度也降低;添加适量的CMC-Na可改善面包的焙烤特性,增加面包的体积,提高面包的含水量,改善面包的纹理结构,质地和口味等,延长面包的货架期;在本实验条件下,CMC-Na的添加量不宜超过6‰.     

糖醇对面团特性及面包品质的影响研究进展

主要综述了在面团中加入糖醇,对于面团特性、面包品质的影响,旨在为推广糖醇在面包中的应用提供理论和实践依据。     

海藻酸钠对面团特性及面包品质的影响

考察了海藻酸钠添加量对混合粉粉质特性、拉伸特性、糊化特性,以及对面包比容、含水量、硬度、弹性、感官品质的影响。结果表明,添加海藻酸钠可有效改善小麦粉面团的粉质特性、拉伸特性及糊化特性,提高面包的含水量,适量添加可有效提高面包比容、面包弹性及面包感官品质,降低面包硬度。综合分析添加海藻酸钠对混合粉粉质、拉伸和糊化特性以及对面包焙烤品质的影响,确定海藻酸钠最佳添加量为0.6%,为其在焙烤食品中的应用提供了理论依据。     

木糖醇对面团特性及面包品质影响的研究

本试验就木糖醇对面团特性及面包品质影响进行了研究.结果表明,木糖醇可降低面团的吸水率,延长面团的形成时间、稳定时间;适量添加可增加面团的拉伸能量、延伸度和拉伸阻力;添加木糖醇可显著减少小麦粉的峰值黏度、最低黏度、衰减值、最终黏度、回生值和峰值时间,有效降低淀粉老化速度;添加适量木糖醇可有效保持面包体积,降低面包的硬度,增加面包的含水量,改善面包的焙烤特性,延长其货架期.综合分析,在本试验条件下,木糖醇的添加量不宜超过16％.     

紫苏叶超微粉对面团特性及面包品质的影响

将紫苏叶超微粉加入到面团中,测定面团的粉质特性、拉伸特性以及发酵特性;用添加紫苏叶超微粉的面团制作面包,并对其比容、保水性、老化度及面包感官品质进行分析。结果表明:当紫苏叶超微粉添加量小于6%时,面团的粉质特性和拉伸特性变化不明显,发酵体积增大,获得的面包保水性高、老化度低、比体积大,且感官品质较好;当紫苏叶超微粉添加量为6%~8%时,面团的粉质特性、拉伸特性及发酵特性均呈现下降趋势。     

糙米粉添加量对面包品质的影响

研究了糙米粉添加量(10%~70%)对糙米面包品质的影响。结果表明:随着糙米粉添加量增大,糙米面包体积逐渐减小,弹性、内聚性、回复性逐渐降低;面包的硬度、胶黏性、耐咀性逐渐升高,孔壁厚度、气孔直径及粗糙气孔体积都随之增大,气孔壁加厚,结构粗糙、紧实,面包芯颜色逐渐加深,外观有褶皱出现,当添加量为40%时,其外观及口感可以接受。     

不同油莎豆粉及添加量对面团特性及面包品质的影响

分别将脱皮全脂油莎豆粉(PW)和脱皮脱脂油莎豆粉(PA)与面包粉复配并制作面包,研究不同油莎豆粉及添加量对面团特性和面包品质的影响。结果表明：以复配粉质量为基准,PW最佳添加量为15%,PA最佳添加量为20%,在此条件下,面团的粉质特性、糊化特性以及拉伸特性均在用于制作面包的可接受范围内。较对照组而言,PW添加量15%与PA添加量20%面包的硬度分别增加了55.09%、22.72%,咀嚼性分别增加了43.94%、19.78%;前者弹性显著增加,后者无显著变化,两者内聚性及回复性均无显著变化,比体积无明显下降,感官评分分别增加了14.50%、12.35%,其中主要是面包芯纹理结构及面包口感的评分增加。为不同油莎豆粉在面包中应用的可行性及条件优化提供了支持。     

发芽糙米粉面团性质及面包品质研究

将未发芽和发芽12、24、36、48 h的糙米磨粉,分别与20%的谷朊粉混合制作面团和面包,研究了发芽糙米-谷朊粉面团流变性质及面包品质。结果表明,随着发芽时间的增加,糙米面团弹性模量和粘性模量均降低。扫描电镜结果显示,发芽12 h和24 h糙米面团形成均匀致密的网络结构,发芽24 h后,网络结构部分破裂。随着发芽时间的延长,糙米面包比容、弹性、回复性降低,硬度先降低后升高。发芽12 h和24 h,糙米面包硬度较低,比容、弹性和回复性较大。发芽12 h的糙米面包感官评分最高。因此,发芽12 h时的糙米面包品质最好。     

Effect of xylitol on wheat dough properties and bread characteristics

The aim of the experiment was to evaluate the effect of xylitol on wheat dough properties and bread qualities. The results showed that peak viscosity of bread flour containing 20% xylitol was about 12.59% higher than that of the control. The development time and stability time of dough containing 5% xylitol were 2.55 and 1.62 min longer than those of the control, and the drop value decreased from 454 FU to 359 FU. The extensibility of dough containing 10% xylitol was 21 mm longer than that of the control. The maximum resistance and energy area showed an increasing trend. Scanning electron microscopy images showed a discontinuous gluten matrix in which starch granules were not covered completely with gluten when containing xylitol. The springiness of bread with 10% xylitol was increased by 10.6% compared with that of the control, while the hardness was decreased by 21.5%. The bread added 10% and 15% xylitol had higher scores than the control.     

香菇超微全粉对面团特性及馒头品质的影响

为研究香菇超微全粉对小麦面团及馒头品质的影响,在小麦粉中分别添加0、2.5%、5%、7.5%、10%香菇超微粉,采用质构仪和pH计分别测定小麦面团、馒头的质构特性及p H值,采用色差计测定馒头的色差指标,并对馒头感官品质进行评价。结果表明:与对照组相比,随着香菇超微粉添加量的增加,面团的发酵性能稍有降低,面团的硬度、弹性、胶着度及回复性显著增加(P0.05),粘聚性逐渐下降;馒头的硬度、胶着度和咀嚼度显著增加(P0.05),弹性逐渐下降(P0.05);馒头的比容和感官评分均呈下降趋势,当添加量增加到5%时,感官评分显著降低(P0.05)。添加香菇超微粉制作馒头时,所得馒头色泽整体偏暗,感官品质变差,添加量以不超过5%为宜。     

Evaluation of antioxidant, rheological and sensorial properties of wheat flour dough and bread containing ginger powder

The effects of addition of ginger powder (0, 3, 4.5 and 6%) in formulation were examined in order to obtain an antioxidant-enriched bread with good physico chemical and sensorial properties. The rheological properties of doughs were evaluated using dynamic rheological measurements. Physical properties, total phenolics content (TPC- Folin-Ciocalteau method), radical scavenging activity (RSA- DPPH assay) and sensory analysis (hedonic test) of the supplemented bread were determined.The highest TPC (0.48 and 0.71 mg GAE/g DW on crumb and crust respectively) and RSA activity (0.15 and 0.24 μmol DPPH/mg DW ml⁻¹ on crumb and crust respectively) were achieved in the bread having the highest percentage of ginger powder (6%). But this sample showed the worst results regarding the rheological properties indicating that the dough and the bread had a tough structure. Moreover, by sensory evaluation this bread sample was not acceptable.Among the studied samples, bread with 3% of ginger powder showed good rheological characteristics and doubled anti-oxidant content compared to the control bread and the highest sensorial acceptability.     

小麦粉对馒头品质的影响

馒头品质的主要影响因素之一是小麦面粉品质。对小麦粉中的蛋白质含量、蛋白质质量、蛋白质组分及面团的流变学特性,淀粉含量、淀粉组成及小麦淀粉的黏度特性等各因素对馒头品质的影响进行了较为详细的论述。     

Effect of flaxseed and wheat flour blends on dough rheology and bread quality

The rheological and baking properties of flaxseed/wheat composite flours were studied. Flaxseed flour was used to replace 50, 100, 150 and 200 g kg^?1 of wheat flour in bread. Farinographic studies showed that water absorption, dough development time and mixing tolerance index increased as the amount of flaxseed flour increased, while dough stability decreased at 100, 150 and 200 g kg^?1 of flaxseed flour substitution. The extensographic energy of dough also decreased at 150 and 200 g kg^?1 flaxseed levels. The addition of increasing amounts of flaxseed flour caused a decrease in extensibility. Doughs containing 100, 150 and 200 g kg^?1 flaxseed flour showed resistance to extension comparable to that of control dough. The specific volume of flaxseed flour breads was similar to that of control bread. Crust L, a, b values of breads with flaxseed flour were lower than those of control bread. Breads with flaxseed flour gave lower crumb L and b values and higher a values than control bread. The sensory properties showed that an acceptable bread could be produced using flaxseed flour up to a level of 200 g kg^?1. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry     

Effect of black rice flour with different particle sizes on frozen dough and steamed bread quality

This article presents a novel idea for the preparation of frozen dough and steamed bread by which black rice flour (BRF) with different particle sizes (0.18–0.25 mm, 0.15–0.18 mm and 0.125–0.15 mm) was added into wheat flour (WF), considering the nutritional values of BRF. The characteristic of the composite flour (CF), frozen dough and steamed bread was studied. CF had higher contents of dietary fibres (2.01–2.16%) but lower content of protein (11.57–11.92%) compared with WF (1.6% and 12.60%, respectively). Correlation analysis showed that the addition of BRF could alleviate the damage to dough caused by freezing, which may be due to that water in CF dough was more stable. The content of freezable water in WF dough increased by 23.48%, while that in CF dough increased by 6.09–12.11% after frozen storage. With decreasing particle size, the hardness of CF dough decreased and the resistance to extension and gas retention coefficient increased, whereas the specific volume and the soft crumb texture of CF steamed bread increased. In short, small-sized BRF is more suitable for use in the preparation of steamed bread.     

豆渣对面团特性及馒头品质的影响

利用粉质仪、拉伸仪、快速黏度仪、物性测试仪研究了豆渣对面团特性及馒头品质的影响。结果表明,随着豆渣添加量的增加,面团吸水率和粉质指数增大、形成时间和稳定时间延长、弱化度减小;面团的最低黏度、衰减值、最终黏度、回生值和峰值时间不断减少,糊化温度先升后降,峰值黏度先降后升,在7.5%出现峰值。随着发酵程度的增大,各面团中淀粉的峰值黏度、最低黏度、最终黏度、回升值、糊化温度都增大,衰减值减小。添加7.5%豆渣可使相同发酵程度下淀粉的峰值黏度、最低黏度、衰减值、最终黏度、回生值、糊化温度都有所降低。添加豆渣后,馒头比容变小,含水量呈增大趋势;馒头硬度、感官评分随着豆渣添加量的增加先降低后增加,在添加量为7.5%时出现峰值。添加豆渣可延长馒头货架期。     

Effect of waxy flour blends on dough rheology and bread quality

Although much research has been conducted on wheat flour dough rheology, the principal focus has been the role of the protein fraction. Starch is the main component of flour and plays a key role in dough dynamic properties, particularly during heating. This study assesses the effect of two different waxy flours, a durum and a bread wheat, and their blends with commercial bakers' flour on dough rheology during heating with a concurrent investigation into baking performance. Both waxy flour blends produced similar effects on dough rheological behaviour despite differences in protein content, acting to delay gelatinisation and reduce storage modulus. The main effects in bread were to increase loaf expansion during baking and reduce loaf firmness. It is postulated these effects are largely water mediated, with the higher swelling ability of the waxy starch granules reducing overall water availability and driving complete gelatinisation to higher temperatures.     

The effects of extruded black rice flour on rheological and structural properties of wheat-based dough and bread quality

Addition of raw black rice flour leads to deficient processability on bread making quality. One of the effective methods to modify the functional properties of black rice flour (BRF) composite dough is to extrude black rice flour (EBRF) before incorporation. This study investigated and compared the effect of BRF and EBRF addition level of 10%–50% on the rheology, microstructure of dough and bread quality. The rheological properties of composite dough were recorded by Mixolab, stress relaxation and tensile test. The substitution of EBRF presented higher water absorption but lower development time, protein weakening, starch gelatinization, starch gel stability and starch retrogradation than wheat flour dough. Both the BRF and EBRF dough presented solid-like behaviour, while the EBRF dough showed more viscous, higher resistance and extensibility than BRF dough. The dough microstructure of dough was observed by SEM, and a more compact structure of EBRF dough could be seen than BRF dough. The incorporation of EBRF in bread quality presented higher specific volume, lower bake loss and firmness than BRF bread. These findings indicated the potential utilisation value of extruded black rice flour in bread making.