运动饮料对运动人体代谢和运动能力的作用

为了观察运动饮料对人体的运动能力、疲劳消除、机能状态调整等方面的作用,以北京体育大学6名男性普通大学生为对象,对该运动饮料进行了应用效果观察。6名男性普通大学生参加实验组、阳性对照组及阴性对照组3次实验。实验组饮用运动饮料,阳性对照组服用5%的糖水,阴性对照组服用外观及口感与实验组及补糖组相近的安慰剂。实验前、后观察血糖、乳酸、恢复心率、尿比重、出汗量、主观感觉疲劳程度(RPE等级)和血液生化指标。结果显示:服用运动饮料对运动人体有以下作用:1.保持长时间大强度运动中较高的血糖水平,运动后血清钾、镁离子的稳定;2.降低定量运动中血乳酸,加速运动后血乳酸的恢复;3.运动后次日的血尿素(BU)明显降低,血清SOD明显提高,疲劳感觉明显减轻。     

绿茶对大鼠大肠癌前病变预防作用的研究

为了观察绿茶对大鼠大肠癌前病变的预防作用,将24只雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为3组:阳性对照组,饮茶组和阴性对照组,每组8只。阳性对照组大鼠从实验第2周开始颈部皮下注射致癌剂二甲基肼,每周1次,连续10周。饮茶组致癌剂处理同阳性对照组,并在整个实验期间饮用2%绿茶水。阴性对照组皮下注射相同剂量的生理盐水。阳性对照组和阴性对照组大鼠在整个实验期间饮用自来水。结果表明,与阳性对照组相比,饮茶组变性隐窝病灶(ACF)数目显著降低(P<0.05);增殖细胞核抗原标记指数(PCNA-LI)和核仁组成区嗜银蛋白颗粒数目(AgNORs)显著减少(P<0.05);此外,饮茶还抑制了Bcl-2蛋白的表达,诱导了Bax蛋白的表达。本研究条件下绿茶对二甲基肼诱发的大鼠大肠癌前病变具有预防作用,其机制可能与抑制细胞增殖和诱导细胞凋亡有关。     

响应面法优化沙棘枸杞复合运动饮料配方

目的优化沙棘枸杞复合运动饮料的配方。方法在单因素试验基础上,运用Box-Benhnken试验设计原理对影响沙棘枸杞复合运动饮料的主要因素(沙棘汁添加量、枸杞汁添加量、柠檬酸添加量、木糖醇添加量)进行优化研究。结果沙棘枸杞复合运动饮料最佳生产工艺参数为沙棘汁添加量15%、枸杞汁添加量26%、柠檬酸添加量0.17%、木糖醇添加量8.5%。在此条件下,复合运动饮料的感官评分为95分。结论开发的沙棘枸杞复合运动饮料,口感酸甜适口,组织状态稳定,是适合运动者长期饮用的饮料。     

枸杞红枣复合运动饮料研制及其抗疲劳功能研究

利用枸杞、红枣为主要原料研制运动饮料,采用单因素和正交试验法对影响运动饮料的主要因素:枸杞汁用量、红枣汁用量、柠檬酸用量、木糖醇用量进行优化,并研究饮料的抗疲劳功能。结果表明:运动饮料最佳工艺参数为枸杞汁用量15%、红枣汁用量20%、柠檬酸用量0.13%、木糖醇用量6%,在此工艺条件下,感官评分值为94.61分。小鼠试验结果表明,灌运动饮料组小鼠负重游泳时间均有延长且灌胃剂量越大,负重游泳时间越长。游泳前及游泳10 min后,灌饮料组肝糖原含量均比正常组显著提高。小鼠试验能够说明枸杞红枣运动饮料能延缓疲劳,适用于体育运动领域长期饮用。     

红花籽油微胶囊饮料对运动员代谢能力及运动成绩的影响

以红花籽油微胶囊为主要原料研制复合饮料,研究红花籽油微胶囊饮料对运动员代谢能力及运动成绩的影响。选择40名哈尔滨市高水平运动队运动员作为实验对象,进行为期4周的实验。结果表明:初次饮用红花籽油微胶囊饮料可以短期内降低人体血液中BLA、TG、CK和TC代谢指标水平,提高人体代谢能力,但运动成绩提高不显著(P0.05);在长期饮用情况下,饮用红花籽油微胶囊饮料后运动员200 m冲刺跑运动后血清中BLA和CK水平极显著降低(P0.01),TG和TC水平降低不显著(P0.05),运动成绩提高不显著(P0.05);在整个实验过程中,运动员并未出现任何身体不适。因此,红花籽油微胶囊饮料对运动代谢有一定的促进作用,并且长期饮用可一定程度上提高运动成绩。     

LGI鲜罗汉果素饮料的血糖指数及抗疲劳作用实验研究

以动物小鼠为实验对象,分别对LGI鲜罗汉果素饮料进行糖耐量试验和负重力竭游泳试验,分别测定并计算小鼠血糖生成值、力竭游泳时间、肝糖原和肌糖原含量、血乳酸代谢水平和乳酸脱氢酶活性。结果表明:葡萄糖2h内血糖最高值与最低值呈现非常显著性差异(p<0.01),而LGI鲜罗汉果素饮料无显著性差异,GI值为36.40;LGI鲜罗汉果素饮料低剂量组小鼠力竭游泳时间显著延长,肝糖原(LG)储备增加,且小鼠乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活力提高;低剂量组及中剂量组小鼠运动后血尿素氮(BUN)含量明显下降;服用LGI鲜罗汉果素饮料的各剂量组小鼠运动后血乳酸(BLA)水平显著下降,而对肌糖原(MG)水平没有明显差别。LGI鲜罗汉果素饮料具有饮用后血糖生成低、血糖保持稳定的特点,对力竭游泳小鼠有明显的抗疲劳作用。     

葛根功能饮料的急性毒性及解酒护肝功效评价

对所配制的葛根饮料进行了急性毒性试验及解酒护肝的功效评价。葛根饮料中葛根总异黄酮含量是2%。急性毒性试验,小鼠未出现中毒症状,脏器均未发现病变,葛根功能饮料对雌雄小鼠的急性经口LD50600 m L/(kg·mb·md),表明该样品无毒。功效评价试验,测试组的平均醉酒时间显著长于空白组(P0.01),测试组的平均醒酒时间短于空白组(P0.05)。在1、4、5 h时,测试组血液中乙醇含量低于空白组(P0.05),在2、6 h时,测试组血液中乙醇含量显著低于空白组(P0.01)。表明饮酒之前适量饮用葛根饮料能起到增加酒量、防醉、解酒的作用,有效避免或减轻酒精造成的急性肝脏损伤。     

利用BN大鼠致敏模型研究HPT蛋白的致敏性

目的用BN大鼠致敏模型对HPT(潮霉素B磷酸转移酶)蛋白的致敏性进行研究。方法40只BN大鼠随机分为4组,每组10只,分别经口灌胃给予卵清蛋白(OVA)(阳性对照组)、HPT蛋白(HPT蛋白组)、马铃薯酸性磷酸酶(PAP)(阴性对照组)及蒸馏水(溶剂对照),剂量均为1 mg/ml,每只动物1 ml,每日1次,连续28 d。于灌胃后第7天,取血分离血浆进行组胺测定。于第14天和第28天取血分离血清测定IgE水平。于试验结束后第10天分别对各组动物进行大剂量(5 mg/ml OVA、HPT、PAP或蒸馏水,2 ml/只)激发后测定各组大鼠的血压。结果血清学实验结果表明HPT蛋白没有激发任何IgE反应,而OVA激发了明显的IgE反应;HPT组的组胺水平与阴性对照组或溶剂对照组相比差异无统计学意义,而阳性对照组组胺水平升高,与HPT蛋白组相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。OVA导致3只大鼠血压暂时降低,而HPT对大鼠血压没有影响。结论在该实验条件下,经口灌胃给予BN大鼠HPT蛋白,没有发现致敏性。     

喝乌龙茶能“边睡边减肥”?一项试验如是说

发表在《Nutrients》上的一项研究中,来自日本筑波大学领导的研究团队发现,饮用乌龙茶似乎可以实现"边睡边减肥"的梦想。为了深入了解乌龙茶和单一咖啡因对人体能量和脂肪代谢的影响,该研究团队设计了一项安慰剂对照/双盲/交叉干预试验。12名年龄在20—56岁的男性健康志愿者被分为3组,分别为:含咖啡因的乌龙茶组、咖啡因组和安慰剂组。所有3种饮料均装在350 m L的饮料罐中。     

我国居民果汁饮料消费情况分析

使用2002年中国居民营养与健康状况调查中一年食物频率调查的数据,对55211名15岁及以上居民的果汁饮料饮用率、饮用频率和饮用量进行了分析。结果表明,我国15岁及以上居民果汁饮料的饮用率为20.6%,平均每周饮用果汁饮料1.1次,平均每周饮用果汁饮料78.4g。果汁饮料的饮用率、饮用频率和饮用量为城市高于农村,15～17岁、18～44岁、45～59岁和60岁及以上年龄组依次降低。果汁饮料的饮用率为女性高于男性,而饮用频率为男性高于女性。我国居民的果汁饮料消费水平较低。     

Dental erosion potential of beverages and bottled drinking water in Bangladesh

Dental erosion is a growing health problem linked to the exceptional increase in the consumption of soft drinks, fruit juices, and sport drinks in many countries including Bangladesh. Dental erosion is the chemical dissolution of the dental hard tissues by acids without the involvement of microorganisms. Hydrogen ions (H⁺) from acidic solutions can replace the calcium ions (Ca²⁺) of the enamel, consequently breaking the crystal structure of the enamel and initiating dental erosion. Erosive tooth wear can lead to severe impairment of esthetics along with loss of hardness and functionality. Sources of the erosive acidic challenges can be intrinsic (i.e., gastroesophaegal reflux disease) and/or extrinsic (i.e., exposure from acidic foods and beverages). Continuous intake of drinks or food with pH lower than the critical erosive pH of enamel (5.2–5.5) and root dentin (~6.7) are considered to be responsible for dental erosion. Drinks with low pH and high titratable acidity (TA) have more potential to dissolved enamel and root dentin; on the other hand, drinks with low degree of saturation can stimulate leaching of minerals. In Bangladesh, there is limited scientific information available to assess the potential of dental erosion of the commercially available beverages and drinking water. This research aims to characterize the dental erosion potential of soft drinks, energy drinks, fruit juices, and bottled drinking water available in Bangladesh by determining their pH, TA, calcium (Ca²⁺), and phosphate (PO₄^3?). The degrees of saturation of the selected samples were calculated from the experimental results of pH, calcium, and phosphate levels. Soft drinks were found to have high erosion potential followed by energy drinks, fruit juices, and bottled drinking water. Most of the beverages locally available were found highly acidic. Phosphate levels were high in black cola drinks. Total TA was highest for the energy drinks, and moderate for soft drinks and fruit juices. Fruit juices contained high level of calcium compared with other beverages. The degree of saturation was moderate for fruit juices, and very low for few of the soft drinks and most of the bottled drinking waters. This study will be useful as a reference line for the health professionals and regulatory authorities for quality control of the beverages and bottled drinking water available in the local market.     

3种运动饮料对小白鼠补水能力的比较

使用氘稀释技术,比较了休息和运动条件下3种市售运动饮料和饮用水(对照组)的补水能力。结果表明:休息状态下,3种饮料的吸收率达最大值的时间、达最大吸收率的50%的时间和最大吸收量存在显著差异,但其吸收率为0的时间无显著性差异;运动状态下,饮用水和运动饮料的吸收率达最大值的时间存在显著差异。表明氘示踪剂标记法可有效地测量摄入液体被生物体吸收的相对速率,且3种市售运动饮料的补水能力与饮用水的无显著差异。     

运动饮料对不同光固化复合树脂颜色稳定性的影响

为了评估3种运动饮料对浸泡30 d和180 d后的光固化复合树脂材料的颜色稳定性的影响,分别测定4种树脂复合材料的基准色值(L*、a*、b*),从每组复合材料中随机抽取样本浸入运动饮料及蒸馏水中30 d和180 d,重新测量浸没后的样品颜色值,并计算颜色变化值(△E),使用Kruskal-Wallis和Mann-Whi...     

运动饮料中的甜味剂及运动员选择运动饮料的建议

运动员在比赛和训练中需要补充一定水分、电解质及能量, 因此大多数运动员会选择含有丰富营养素与能量的运动饮料。运动饮料中的甜味剂为其带来了良好的风味, 但是不同甜味剂对运动员的机体产生不同的影响。本文对运动饮料中常见的4种甜味剂—安赛蜜、糖精钠、蔗糖、木糖醇进行了综述介绍, 并对运动员选择运动饮料提出了一定建议, 以期为运动员选择运动饮料提供建议。     

鹅骨胶原蛋白及肽对大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞增殖及向成骨分化的影响

本实验通过研究鹅骨胶原蛋白、含钙胶原蛋白、胶原肽、含钙胶原肽对大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,BMSCs)增殖及向成骨细胞(Osteoblast,OB)分化的影响,阐述鹅骨胶原蛋白及多肽对骨质疏松的作用机制。采用MTT(噻唑蓝)法测定鹅骨胶原蛋白及多肽对BMSCs增殖的影响;碱性磷酸酶(Alkaline phosphatase,ALP)染色、ALP活性测定、茜素红染色和骨钙素(BGP)分泌量测定分析BMSCs成骨分化能力。结果表明,相较于对照组,试验组可促进BMSCs的增殖,第14d ALP染色试验组ALP染色阳性率显著高于对照组(p0.05),第7 d和第14 d鹅骨胶原蛋白及肽可显著提高ALP的活性表达(p0.05),第21 d茜素红染色试验组钙结节个数相较于对照组显著增加(p0.05),骨钙素分泌量试验组显著高于对照组(p0.05)。由此表明,大分子胶原蛋白、含钙大分子胶原蛋白、小分子胶原多肽、含钙小分子胶原多肽均可促进BMSCs的增殖及向成骨细胞分化,以含钙小分子胶原多肽作用效果最佳。     

Comparison of antioxidant capacity of commonly consumed youth beverages in the United States

Epidemiological evidence supports that polyphenol‐rich foods with high antioxidant potency promote health and may influence various metabolic diseases' development. Often beverage products claim to have antioxidant potency based on the perceived polyphenol content; however, few studies have examined the antioxidant potency of beverages with none reporting on commonly consumed youth beverages. This study's purpose was to measure total antioxidant capacity (TAC), expressed in Trolox equivalents (μmol mL^?1), in a variety of youth beverages, including juices, vitamin enhanced waters, sport drinks, energy drinks and various milk products. Significantly higher TAC (3.8–6.7 μmol mL^?1) was measured in 100% juices, while vitamin enhanced waters varied by brand (0.2–3.1 μmol mL^?1). Soda, energy and sports drinks measured the least activity (0.0–0.3 μmol mL^?1), whereas other milk types (strawberry, organic, regular and soya) measured no activity, except chocolate milk (3.0 μmol mL^?1). These results may improve beverage selection practices for youth, parents and dietitians to increase TAC of the paediatric diet.     

Rapid quality control of spirit drinks and beer using multivariate data analysis of Fourier transform infrared spectra

Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy in combination with multivariate data analysis is introduced for the quality control and authenticity assessment of spirit drinks and beer in official food control. The spectra were measured using a FTIR interferometer, which is purpose-built for the analysis of alcoholic beverages and includes an injection unit for liquids with automatic thermostating of the sample. Only 2 min are required for FTIR measurement. For spirit drinks, no sample preparation is required at all. Carbon dioxide containing samples, such as beer were prepared by degassing.     

Beverage caffeine intakes in young children in Canada and the US.

PURPOSE: Throughout childhood there is a shift from predominantly milk-based beverage consumption to other types of beverages, including those containing caffeine. Although a variety of health effects in children and adults have been attributed to caffeine, few data exist on caffeine intake in children aged one to five years. METHODS: Because beverages provide about 80% of total caffeine consumed in children of this age group, beverage consumption patterns and caffeine intakes were evaluated from two beverage marketing surveys: the 2001 Canadian Facts study and the 1999 United States Share of Intake Panel study. RESULTS: Considerably fewer Canadian children than American children consume caffeinated beverages (36% versus 56%); Canadian children consume approximately half the amount of caffeine (7 versus 14 mg/day in American children). Differences were largely because of higher intakes of carbonated soft drinks in the US. CONCLUSIONS: Caffeine intakes from caffeinated beverages remain well within safe levels for consumption by young children.     

Increased remineralization of tooth enamel by milk containing added casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate

Casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate nano-complexes (CPP-ACP) in chewing gum, lozenges and mouthrinses have been shown to re-mineralize enamel subsurface lesions in human in situ experiments. The aim of this double-blind, randomized clinical study was to investigate the capacity of CPP-ACP added to bovine milk to re-mineralize enamel subsurface lesions in situ. Ten subjects drank milk containing either 2.0 or 5.0 g CPP-ACP/l or a control milk whilst wearing removable appliances with enamel slabs containing subsurface demineralized lesions. Each 200 ml milk sample was consumed once a day for each weekday over three consecutive weeks. After each treatment and one weeks rest the subjects crossed over to the other treatments. At the completion of the treatments the enamel slabs were removed and remineralization determined using microradiography and microdensitometry. The results demonstrated that all three milk samples re-mineralized enamel subsurface lesions. However, the milk samples containing CPP-ACP produced significantly greater remineralization than the control milk. The re-mineralizing effect of CPP-ACP in milk was dose-dependent with 2.0 and 5.0 g CPP-ACP/l producing an increase in mineral content of 70 and 148%, respectively, relative to the control milk. The differences in remineralization following exposure to the three milk samples were all statistically significant (P<0.001). In conclusion, this study shows that the addition of 2.0-5.0 g CPP-ACP/l to milk substantially increases its ability to re-mineralize enamel subsurface lesions.     

Survey of caffeine levels in retail beverages in Portugal.

The caffeine content of 85 retail beverage samples purchased from local supermarkets between 1995 and 2004 was determined. The potential intake of caffeine through the consumption of these beverages (but excluding coffee) was estimated for students of the University of Coimbra, Portugal. The caffeine content of the beverages ranged from 47.5 to 282.5 mg l(-1) for teas, from 20.1 to 47.2 mg l(-1) for tea extracts samples, and from 80.7 to 168.7 mg l(-1) for cola soft drinks. Caffeine was not completely absent from caffeine-free colas, and energy drinks had a far greater caffeine content than regular drinks, ranging from 21 to 2175 mg l(-1). Soft drinks were consumed by 72% of the individuals, although 14% of the survey participants did not drink any of the different types of the beverages studied. Contrary to expectations for this age group, no consumptions of energy drinks was reported. Daily caffeine intake was estimated to range from 4.7 to 200 mg day(-1), but with only 5% reporting a daily intake around 200 mg caffeine. Cola-type beverages were an important dietary source of caffeine for the population studied. Statistical differences in the caffeine intake between the male and female populations were found, with p = 0.014, being higher for the male population. Of the beverages studied, cola-type drinks showed statistical differences for the male population, p = 0.03, and tea showed statistical differences for female population p = 0.013, respectively.