几种鱼体新鲜度快速检测方法的研究进展

鱼类不耐贮藏容易腐败变质,新鲜度是鱼体品质和质量的重要指标,现代食品工业对于鱼和鱼类制品的新鲜度要求越来越高,鱼体新鲜度的快速检测方法的建立具有重要的科学意义和实践价值。文章将从仿生技术(包括电子鼻,电子舌技术),生物技术(包括生物传感器)以及其他物理化学技术(包括生物阻抗法,近红外光谱法)三方面介绍现今的几种用于鱼体新鲜度快速检测方法及其差异研究,并对今后鱼体新鲜度快速检测方法的发展做出一定的展望。     

基于电子鼻、电子舌技术的荣昌猪肉及其制品贮藏过程新鲜度检测研究

目的 探究电子鼻、电子舌对贮藏期间荣昌猪肉及其制品新鲜度变化的检测效果。方法 测定贮藏期间荣昌猪肉及其制品菌落总数(total viable count, TVC)、挥发性盐基氮(total volatile basic nitrogen, TVB-N)及感官特性的变化,并以此划分其新鲜度等级。同时,采用电子鼻、电子舌分别对贮藏期间荣昌猪肉及其制品进行检测,运用线性判别分析(lineardiscriminantanalysis,LDA)、传感器贡献率分析(Loading)、主成分分析(principal component analysis, PCA)识别荣昌猪肉及其制品的新鲜度。结果 电子鼻能够检测到荣昌猪肉及其制品在贮藏期间的气味变化,并能够对其新鲜度进行区分,而传感器W1W对应的硫化物类的变化是电子鼻检测其新鲜度的主要依据。电子舌能够很好地区分贮藏期间荣昌猪肉及其制品的滋味变化,并能够区分其新鲜度。结论 利用电子鼻、电子舌技术能够识别不同新鲜度的荣昌猪肉及其制品,为进一步研究荣昌猪肉及其制品新鲜度快速检测提供方法参考和理论依据。     

鱼体新鲜度新型检测方法的研究进展

鱼是日常膳食结构的重要组成部分,具有较高的营养价值.但是,在贮存过程中,由于鱼体组织结构脆弱以及内源性酶和嗜冷细菌的作用,导致鱼的气味、风味和质地发生变化,鱼体品质迅速下降.因此,快速、方便、无损检测鱼体新鲜度成为目前该领域的研究热点.该文在对比与总结传统鱼体新鲜度检测方法的基础上,简述了目前最新的鱼体新鲜度检测方法,...     

鱼体新鲜度近红外光谱检测方法的比较研究

目的 建立针对淡水鱼整鱼鱼体新鲜度的快速无损检测方法. 方法 通过比较不同的光谱与相应挥发性盐基氮(TVB-N)值的建模结果, 以及对比分析竞争性自适应重加权算法(CARS)、遗传算法(GA)及连续投影算法(SPA)三种特征波长选择方法对模型的优化结果, 对鱼鳞及光谱采集部位等影响因素进行研究。结果 鱼体有鳞时的尾部为最佳新鲜度检测部位。CARS法较优且鱼体新鲜度检测的最优波段为800~1100 nm, 采用CARS特征波长选择方法选择出23个波长变量重新建立PLS模型, 模型预测集相关系数RP=0.957, 预测均方根误差RMSEP=0.589 mg/100 g。利用CARS方法选择的23个波长变量对淡水鱼进行新鲜度评价, 准确率达96.67%。结论 该方法为淡水鱼整鱼新鲜度快速无损检测提供了一种有效的方法。     

基于光谱技术的畜禽肉新鲜度评价方法研究进展

本文综述了基于光谱学原理的近红外光谱、高光谱成像技术、荧光光谱和拉曼光谱等无损检测技术在冷却畜禽肉新鲜度评价中的应用研究进展,分析不同技术在评价畜禽肉新鲜度方面的优劣,以期为国内学者开展畜禽肉新鲜度无损检测相关研究提供借鉴。     

薄膜荧光传感器对冷藏鸭肉新鲜度的无损检测

目的:探究薄膜荧光传感器在肉品新鲜度检测中的可应用性,实现鸭肉新鲜度的无损、快速检测。方法:采用薄膜荧光传感器技术检测冷藏7 d内的鸭肉新鲜度,并测定其pH值、挥发性盐基氮(TVB-N)和生物胺含量,对传感器响应值与鸭肉新鲜度指标进行相关性分析。结果:pH值随贮藏时间的延长呈上升趋势,在贮藏第7天达到最大值;TVB-N含量随贮藏时间的延长而显著增加(P<0.05),在贮藏第7天达到17.51 mg/100 g,已超过限量值;生物胺中的色胺、腐胺、尸胺、章鱼胺和酪胺随贮藏时间的延长呈上升趋势,其中尸胺上升幅度最为明显,贮藏第7天时其含量是初始值的56.79倍。相关性分析结果表明,传感器响应值与生物胺总量的相关系数为-0.935(P<0.01),与TVB-N值和pH值的相关系数分别为0.841,0.857(P<0.05)。回归分析表明,响应值与TVB-N值、苯乙胺之间呈指数相关,拟合的回归方程为y = 0.154e-0.021x和y = 0.0664e-0.015x,决定系数分别为0.971和0.936,通过响应值能够较准确的预测TVB-N值和苯乙胺含量。结论:薄膜荧光传感器可用于鸭肉新鲜度的无损、快速和实时监测,为薄膜荧光传感器的应用提供理论参考,同时为肉类新鲜度检测提供新思路和技术支撑。     

纳米卟啉在鱼新鲜度检测方面的应用

鱼类因其高蛋白、高水分活度的特点,极易发生腐败变质。变质后不仅使风味变差,还可能引起食物中毒而危及生命安全。因此,新鲜度则成为检测鱼质量的一个重要指标。本文主要综述了卟啉及其衍生物的结构性质、纳米卟啉的制备和性质及纳米卟啉在鱼新鲜度检测方面的应用。鱼新鲜度的检测方法包括化学指标检测法、感官评价法、物理检测法、微生物检测法等传统检测方法和仿生技术法、光谱法、生物阻抗法、电导法、生物技术法等新型检测方法。利用纳米卟啉来检测鱼新鲜度具有灵敏度高、成本低廉、检测过程方便快速等优点,在鱼新鲜度快速无损检测中将发挥巨大的作用。而纳米卟啉材料因其特殊的物理、化学性质,成为更具应用价值的气敏材料。     

酶基生物传感器在快速检测中的研究进展

酶基生物传感器是一种以酶作为生物识别元件的生物传感器, 具有灵敏度高、专一性强、检测限低、选择性好、操作简单、便于携带和可室外在线连续监测等优点, 是最早实现商品化的一类生物传感器。目前, 酶基生物传感器研究广泛并已成功应用于各个领域, 包括环境监测、食品安全检验、生物医学检验等领域。随着环境污染、食品安全等问题的加剧, 现场快速检测技术的需求不断增大。因此, 研究酶基生物传感器具有重要的意义。本文介绍了酶基生物传感器, 阐述了酶基生物传感器的相关概念和原理, 总结了电化学酶基生物传感器、光学酶基生物传感器和其他酶基生物传感器在快速检测中的研究现状, 并展望了酶基生物传感器未来的研究方向。     

冷鲜猪肉的新鲜度无损检测技术现状及THz检测技术展望

综述可见/近红外光谱分析、电子鼻、电子舌、机器视觉、多传感器融合等无损检测技术在肉品新鲜度指标快速检测中的应用,从分子光谱学结合化学计量学的角度论述了基于THz波谱分析法无损检测猪肉新鲜度的可行性。     

DNA检测技术在鳕鱼及其制品鉴定中的应用

鳕鱼是经济价值高和营养价值高的重要食用鱼类,但由于市场上鱼类俗名混乱问题,以及不同鱼种之间价值的巨大差异,错误标识鳕鱼产品或以次充好的现象时有发生,有可能因为含有过敏原成分或有毒成分造成食品安全风险。因此,需要快速可靠的鳕鱼成分鉴定方法和来保障市场监管。目前,鳕鱼及其制品的鉴定方法主要为DNA检测技术。本文主要介绍了DNA指纹图谱PCR-RFLP技术、DNA条形码技术、环介导等温扩增技术和实时荧光定量PCR技术的原理、优缺点、在鳕鱼及其制品鉴定中的应用,最后讨论了鳕鱼及其制品鉴定方法的发展趋势和监管建议。     

Metal–oxide–semiconductor resistive gas sensors for fish freshness detection

Fish are prone to spoilage and deterioration during processing, storage, or transportation. Therefore, there is a need for rapid and efficient techniques to detect and evaluate fish freshness during different periods or conditions. Gas sensors are increasingly important in the qualitative and quantitative evaluation of high-protein foods, including fish. Among them, metal–oxide–semiconductor resistive (MOSR) sensors with advantages such as low cost, small size, easy integration, and high sensitivity have been extensively studied in the past few years, which gradually show promising practical application prospects. Herein, we take the detection, classification, and assessment of fish freshness as the actual demand, and summarize the physical and chemical changes of fish during the spoilage process, the volatile marker gases released, and their production mechanisms. Then, we introduce the advantages, performance parameters, and working principles of gas sensors, and summarize the MOSR gas sensors aimed at detecting different kinds of volatile marker gases of fish spoiling in the last 5 years. After that, this paper reviews the research and application progress of MOSR gas sensor arrays and electronic nose technology for various odor indicators and fish freshness detection. Finally, this review points out the multifaceted challenges (sampling system, sensing module, and pattern recognition technology) faced by the rapid detection technology of fish freshness based on metal oxide gas sensors, and the potential solutions and development directions are proposed from the view of multidisciplinary intersection.     

Multisensor for fish quality determination

The European fish industry is still reluctant to implement methods other than sensory to monitor freshness and quality of fish products, although general concensus exists about the importance of various quality attributes and the need for methods to monitor quality. The objective of the project FAIR CT98-4076 (MUSTEC) was to evaluate several physico-chemical techniques and to integrate their outputs into a more robust estimate of the freshness quality of fish. The techniques used for this multisensor approach were based on visible light spectroscopy, electrical properties, image analysis, colour, electronic noses and texture. Combining the outputs of the instrumental techniques and calibrating them with sensory scores of Quality Index Method (QIM) for attributes like appearance, smell and texture, gives an Artificial Quality Index (AQI) that can be as accurate and precise as the QIM sensory score. The outcome provides a basis for the construction and industrial exploitation of multi-sensor-devices for defining the quality of fish.     

Engineered nanomaterials-based sensing systems for assessing the freshness of meat and aquatic products: A state-of-the-art review

Meat and aquatic products are susceptible to spoilage during distribution, transportation, and storage, increasing the urgency of freshness evaluation. Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) typically with the diameter in the range of 1–100 nm exhibit fascinating physicochemical properties. ENMs-based sensing systems have received extensive attention for food freshness assessment due to the advantages of being fast, simple, and sensitive. This review focuses on summarizing the recent application of ENMs-based sensing systems for food freshness detection. First, chemical indicators related to the freshness of meat and aquatic products are described. Then, how to apply the ENMs including noble metal nanomaterials, metal oxide nanomaterials, carbon nanomaterials, and metal–organic frameworks for the construction of different sensing systems were described. Besides, the recent advance in ENMs-based colorimetric, fluorescent, electrochemical, and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy sensing systems for assessing the freshness of meat and aquatic products were outlined. Finally, the challenges and future research perspectives for the application of ENMs-based sensing systems were discussed. The ENMs-based sensing systems have been demonstrated as effective tools for freshness evaluation. The sensing performance of ENMs employed in different sensing systems depends on their composition, size, shape, and stability of nanoparticles. For the real application of ENMs in food industries, the risks and regulatory issues associated with nanomaterials need to be further considered. With the continuous development of nanomaterials and sensing devices, the ENMs-based sensors are expected to be applied in-field for rapid detection of the freshness of meat and aquatic products in the future.     

鱼油品质光谱检测技术的研究进展

鱼油制品具有丰富的营养功能,深受消费者喜欢。常规检测鱼油品质方法,由于操作困难、破坏性强、试剂污染等缺点,不能满足快速无损、高效无污染的检测要求。光谱检测技术(如近红外光谱技术和核磁共振技术),伴随着化学计量学的发展,突破了常规检测方法局限性,是鱼油品质检测技术的发展趋势。在大量文献的基础上,综述目前光谱检测技术在鱼油品质的应用情况,特别分析光谱方法、化学计量学和仪器设备,指出现阶段利用光谱技术检测鱼油品质存在的主要问题,并对今后的研究方向进行展望。     

近红外光谱技术在水产品检测中的应用进展

水产品营养丰富, 味道鲜美, 深受人们喜爱。由于其组织结构脆弱, 且含有丰富的内源酶和嗜冷细菌, 在储藏和运输过程中容易腐烂变质。随着水产品贸易的日益全球化, 水产品品质现已成为大家关注的核心问题。传统的水产品检测方法具有主观性、侵入性、耗时性, 已不能满足水产品市场的需求, 如何快速、客观地评价水产品品质已成为亟待解决的问题。近红外光谱技术作为一种快速、无损的检测技术已广泛应用于水产品检测, 本文综述了国内外学者采用近红外光谱技术在水产品新鲜度评价、质量评估、重金属含量检测、品种鉴别等方面的研究进展, 并分析了近红外光谱技术在水产品检测中的不足之处及发展前景, 以期为水产品快速检测技术的进一步发展和研究提供参考依据。     

Recent Applications of Spectroscopic and Hyperspectral Imaging Techniques with Chemometric Analysis for Rapid Inspection of Microbial Spoilage in Muscle Foods

Muscle food is one of the most perishable food products because of its vulnerability to microbial spoilage, which can result in critical food safety problems. Traditional techniques for detection and evaluation of microbial spoilage in muscle foods are tedious, laborious, destructive, and time‐consuming. In recent years, spectroscopic and imaging technologies have shown great potentials for the assessment of food quality and safety due to their nondestructive, noninvasive, cost‐effective, and rapid responsive nature. This review focuses on the applications of several valuable spectroscopic techniques including visible and near‐infrared spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and hyperspectral imaging for the rapid and nondestructive detection of microbial spoilage in common muscle foods such as meat, poultry, fish, and related products. Combined with chemometric analysis, such as spectral preprocessing and modeling methods, these potential technologies have been successfully developed for the determination of total viable count, aerobic plate count, Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas, Escherichia coli, and lactic acid bacteria loads in muscle foods. Moreover, the advantages and disadvantages of these techniques are discussed and some perspectives about future trends are also presented.     

Quality evaluation of fish and other seafood by traditional and nondestructive instrumental methods: Advantages and limitations

Although being one of the most vulnerable and perishable products, fish and other seafoods provide a wide range of health-promoting compounds. Recently, the growing interest of consumers in food quality and safety issues has contributed to the increasing demand for sensitive and rapid analytical technologies. Several traditional physicochemical, textural, sensory, and electrical methods have been used to evaluate freshness and authentication of fish and other seafood products. Despite the importance of these standard methods, they are expensive and time-consuming, and often susceptible to large sources of variation. Recently, spectroscopic methods and other emerging techniques have shown great potential due to speed of analysis, minimal sample preparation, high repeatability, low cost, and, most of all, the fact that these techniques are noninvasive and nondestructive and, therefore, could be applied to any online monitoring system. This review describes firstly and briefly the basic principles of multivariate data analysis, followed by the most commonly traditional methods used for the determination of the freshness and authenticity of fish and other seafood products. A special focus is put on the use of rapid and nondestructive techniques (spectroscopic techniques and instrumental sensors) to address several issues related to the quality of these products. Moreover, the advantages and limitations of each technique are reviewed and some perspectives are also given.     

Recent Advances in Methods and Techniques for Freshness Quality Determination and Evaluation of Fish and Fish Fillets: A Review

The freshness quality of fish plays an important role in human health and the acceptance of consumers as well as in international fishery trade. Recently, with food safety becoming a critical issue of great concern in the world, determination and evaluation of fish freshness is much more significant in research and development. This review renovates and concentrates recent advances of evaluating methods for fish freshness as affected by preharvest and postharvest factors and highlights the determination methods for fish freshness including sensory evaluation, microbial inspection, chemical measurements of moisture content, volatile compounds, protein changes, lipid oxidation, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) decomposition (K value), physical measurements, and foreign material contamination detection. Moreover, the advantages and disadvantages of these methods and techniques are compared and discussed and some viewpoints about the current work and future trends are also presented.