豆腐渣对面团和面包品质特性的影响研究

豆渣是加工豆腐、豆浆等的副产物,它来源广泛、成本低廉、纤维含量高,是一种优良的膳食纤维资源。采用豆渣粉替代部分小麦粉制作面团和面包,研究了豆渣粉粒度和添加量对面团流变特性、质构特性、微观结构以及面包品质的影响。研究结果表明,添加豆渣粉后,面团吸水率增高,形成时间和稳定时间延长。添加10%~15%豆渣粉的面团显示出较好的质构和拉伸特性,而且大粒度(80目φ200目)豆渣粉较中、小粒度(φ80目和φ200目)豆渣粉的面团特性好。添加豆渣粉后,面包比容变小,口感变差。综合考虑面包品质和膳食纤维补充,添加10%大粒度豆渣粉制作面包较为适宜,通过添加谷朊粉、魔芋胶、酶制剂、乳化剂等改良剂能够使豆渣面包的比容、口感等品质得到较大改善。     

果胶对冷冻面团面包烘焙特性的影响

将果胶添加到冷冻面团中,通过测定面包的比容、质构和感官评分,研究结果表明:随着果胶添加量的增加,烘烤面包品质随添加量增加先上升后下降,添加量1.0%时面包比容、弹性、感官评分最高,硬度、咀嚼性最低,面包品质最佳。随着冷冻时间延长,添加果胶能减缓冷冻面团及其烘烤面包品质在冷冻储藏期间的劣变。果胶添加量为1.0%时,冷冻面团在冷冻储藏期间品质最佳。     

食品添加剂对冷冻面团面包品质的影响

采用快速发酵法制作冷冻面团面包,研究了酵母、海藻糖、抗冻改良剂(F-99)和硬脂酰乳酸钠(SSL)等添加剂对冷冻面团面包质构和感官品质的影响,通过单因素和正交试验,优化确定了不同添加剂的最佳添加量。结果表明:添加适量的酵母、海藻糖、F-99和SSL等添加剂能提高面包弹性、降低硬度等,4种添加剂添加量对冷冻面团面包品质影响顺序为:海藻糖SSL酵母F-99。最佳添加剂配方为:酵母1.8%,海藻糖5%,F-99 6%,SSL 0.4%,制作的冷冻面团面包水分含量42%、比容5.1m L/g、酸度4.4o T、硬度3.13N、弹性11.93mm、胶黏性2.5N、咀嚼性29.88m J,面包质量符合国家规定标准,硬度、弹性等指标明显优于对照制品。     

胶体对大米面团性能及大米面包品质的影响

研究果胶、卡拉胶和阿拉伯胶对米粉糊化特性和大米面团质构特性的影响。在单因素试验的基础上，通过响应面法优化大米面团的制作配方，并分析大米面包的品质特性。结果表明：果胶对大米面团的改性效果最佳，以碎米粉质量为基准，大米面团的最佳配方为果胶添加量6.7%、水添加量79%、盐添加量0.52%、醒发时间90 min,在此条件下制备的大米面团质构综合评分为52.51±3.42;用此面团制作的大米面包的质构综合评分为51.99±1.02、比体积为(2.24±0.34) mL/g、感官评分为85.00±2.28。     

藜麦粉对小麦面团、面包质构特性及品质的影响

研究藜麦粉对小麦面团及面包质构特性的影响,为开发藜麦焙烤食品提供理论依据。在对藜麦粉中蛋白组分含量系统研究的基础上,利用质构仪的TPA模式测定添加藜麦粉对小麦面团硬度、弹性和黏性的影响,藜麦粉对面包硬度和弹性的影响。结果表明,随着藜麦粉添加量的增加,面团的硬度呈先减小后增加的趋势,添加量为15%时硬度最小;弹性呈先增大后减小的趋势,在藜麦粉添加量15%时达到最大值,黏性呈逐渐增大的趋势。随着藜麦粉添加量的增加,面包的硬度逐渐增大,弹性逐渐减小,感官评分先增大后减小,在15%时达到最大值。因此,藜麦粉的添加改变了小麦面团和面包的质构特性,且面团的质构特性与面包质构特性、面包感官品质间具有一定相关性。     

响应面法优化青麦仁冷冻面团面包复配改良剂的研究

为改善青麦仁冷冻面团面包品质,在单因素试验基础上,以面包的比容、质构、感官评分为考察指标,并应用响应面分析法对复配改良剂配方进行优化,得到复配改良剂的最佳配方为:硬脂酰乳酸钠添加量0.3%、海藻糖添加量4.14%、抗坏血酸添加量0.005%、葡萄糖氧化酶添加量0.003%,此条件下制作的面包,实测比容为4.2 mL/g、硬度为14.5 N、弹性为4.35 mm,感官评分为94分,与预测值(94.6分)基本一致。     

膨化豆渣对面团特性及面包品质影响研究

研究分析了膨化豆渣不同添加量对面团特性、面包烘焙特性及面包货架期的影响。结果表明:豆渣经挤压膨化后,脂肪、淀粉含量略有下降,不溶性膳食纤维含量明显下降,可溶性膳食纤维含量显著提高,蛋白质含量几乎没有发生变化,可溶性成分增多,豆渣的营养组分发生变化;添加适量的膨化豆渣,可改善面团特性、面包的焙烤品质,增加面包的体积,提高面包的含水量,减少面包的硬度,延长面包的货架期;在本试验条件下膨化豆渣的添加量不宜超过12%。     

螯合剂协同微波法提取百香果皮果胶及果胶膜的制备

以六偏磷酸钠为鳌合剂,采用微波法提取百香果皮果胶,通过单因素试验和正交法优选,确定螯合剂辅助微波法提取百香果皮果胶的最优工艺条件为:加入0.3%含量的六偏磷酸钠,料液比为1∶20(g/m L),p H为3,微波功率为700 W,微波时间为4 min,果胶产率达13.72%。以百香果皮果胶与藕粉、甘油共混制备果胶可食膜,考察果胶/藕粉比例,甘油对膜的阻隔性能,机械性能及热封强度等的影响,结果表明,膜的配方为果胶/藕粉1/1,甘油添加量0.1%,制得的果胶膜的阻隔性能和机械性能较好。     

表面活性剂联合超声辅助提取百香果皮中果胶

百香果的果皮富含果胶,为提高其果皮利用价值,对果胶提取工艺条件进行研究。以果胶提取率为指标,单因素试验分析料液比、有机酸柠檬酸添加量、水浴时间、水浴温度、超声时间对果胶提取的影响,并对比不同表面活性剂(吐温20、吐温80、SDS)对果胶提取的影响,正交试验进一步分析果胶提取的主要影响因素和优选组合。结果表明,影响百香果皮果胶提取的主次因素依次为料液比、超声时间、吐温80添加量、柠檬酸添加量,确定最佳提取工艺为:料液比1︰20 g/m L、水浴时间40 min、超声时间30 min、水浴温度60℃、表面活性剂吐温80添加量4 g/100 m L、柠檬酸添加量7 g/100 m L。在此条件下百香果皮果胶的提取率可达27.4%,纯度为87.3%。     

黄秋葵粉对面团和面包质构特性的影响

为研究黄秋葵粉对面团和面包质构特性的影响,按不同添加量(1%~5%)将3种粒度(60、100、200 目)的黄秋葵粉分别添加到小麦粉中,制作面团和面包,对面团和面包质构(硬度、弹性、咀嚼性和回复性)特性进行测定。结果表明:随着黄秋葵粉添加量的增加,面团和面包的硬度和咀嚼性均提高,面团和面包的弹性和回复性均降低;黄秋葵粉的粉碎粒度对面团和面包的质构也有一定影响,在相同的添加量水平下,随着黄秋葵粉粒径的减小,面团的硬度、弹性、咀嚼性和回复性均降低,但变化并不明显;在相同的添加量水平下,黄秋葵粉的粒径变化对面包的硬度、弹性、咀嚼性和回复性有一定影响,但变化并不明显。该研究对开发黄秋葵面包具有一定的指导意义。     

Combined Effect of High-Pressure and Conventional Heating on Pectin Extraction from Passion Fruit Peel

Passion fruit is one popular fruits in Brazil, and its annual production represents 70 % of the world production. About 60 % of fruit is mesocarp and epicarp (peel) and contains high levels of pectin that can be extracted using heating or alternative technologies. The purpose of the present work was to investigate the potential of high pressure to extract the pectin from passion fruit peel. The results showed that the extraction yield almost doubled (from 7.4 to 14.34 %) when high pressure was used as a pretreatment. The esterification degree and galacturonic acid of the pectin extracted were higher by 50 and 65 %, respectively. High pressure as a pretreatment was found to be an effective, time-saving, and eco-friendly method for the extraction of pectin from passion fruit peel.     

Effect of extraction conditions on the quality characteristics of pectin from passion fruit peel (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa L.)

Passion fruit (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa L.) yellow variety is composed of 50-55 g peel per 100 g of fresh fruit which is discarded as waste during processing. Utilization of passion fruit peel for pectin extraction was studied. Passion fruit peel obtained after juice extraction was blanched in boiling water for 5 min, dehydrated in a cross flow hot air drier at 60 ± 1 °C to a moisture content of 4 g/100 g of dried peel. The dehydrated passion fruit peel was used for extraction experiments of pectin. The effect of pH, peel to extractant ratio, and number of extractions, extraction time and temperature on the yield and quality characteristics of pectin were investigated. The optimized conditions for extraction of pectin from passion fruit peel yielded 14.8 g/100 g of dried peel. Pectin extracted from the dried peels had a methoxyl content of 9.6 g/100 g, galacturonic acid content of 88.2 g/100 g and jelly grade of 200. Extraction of pectin from dried peels of passion fruit may be considered for effective utilization of passion fruit processing waste.     

超声辅助柠檬酸提取百香果果皮高酯果胶及其理化性质分析

为开发优质果胶资源,利用超声辅助柠檬酸法从百香果果皮中提取高酯果胶,采用单因素实验探讨了料液比、pH、提取时间、超声功率对果胶得率的影响,应用正交试验确定果胶的最优提取工艺,并对其理化性质进行比较分析。结果表明,提取过程中各因素对果胶得率的影响大小为:提取时间 > 料液比 > pH > 超声功率;最佳提取工艺为:料液比1:40（g/mL）、pH2.00、提取时间60 min、超声功率为180 W。该条件下百香果果皮果胶得率为13.07%。经理化性质测定,果胶干燥失重为5.92%、灰分含量为4.18%、酸不溶物含量为0.27%、pH为3.55、酯化度为72.32%,属于高酯化果胶。本研究结果可为百香果果皮果胶的工业化生产提供技术支撑。     

西番莲果皮的应用

<正> 西番莲的学名为PassifloraOacaruica,其果实的日常通用英文为passion fruit,中文称为西番莲果。西番莲的原产地为巴西,花大,色粉红,微香。其果实呈椭圆形,长5.75厘米,并分为两种颜色:一为黄色,一为紫色。因其味特酸,只被加工成饮料或果酱类及调味品;又因其气味具有各种水果的混合香味,故另有一个很好的名字——百香果。     

复配品质改良剂对南方馒头冷冻面团冻藏品质的影响

为提升和改善冷冻面团南方馒头的品质,分析冻藏过程中复配品质改良剂(海藻糖添加量4%、磷酸二氢钠添加量0.15%、黄原胶添加量0.05%、羧甲基纤维素钠添加量0.04%)对冷冻面团南方馒头比容、硬度、感官品质的影响,并从面团拉伸特性、动态流变特性、微观结构、蛋白质二级结构等方面探究复配品质改良剂在南方馒头冷冻面团中的作用机理。结果表明:冻藏过程中,冰晶会对淀粉颗粒、面筋蛋白及网络结构造成伤害,导致面团品质下降。复配品质改良剂可以保护面团中的面筋结构,减少面筋蛋白二级结构的变化,进而延缓弹性模量和黏性模量的降低速度,改善面团最大拉伸阻力和延伸度劣变,提升南方馒头硬度、比容和感官品质等品质,保持南方馒头松软的风味。     

Extraction of pectin from passion fruit peel using moderate electric field and conventional heating extraction methods

Yellow passion fruit peel contains a high level of pectin that can be extracted from cell walls of plants. Direct boiling is a conventional method of extraction, which takes around 2 h to obtain a good yield of pectin. The long period of heating can produce degradation in the pectin, when the conventional heating is used to extract the pectin a lot of time and energy is spent. The purpose of this study was to explore the conventional and the moderate electric field extractions of pectin from passion fruit peel. The comparison of galacturonic acid content and esterification degree of the pectin obtained by different extraction methods indicated that similar values were obtained. Furthermore, moderate electric field is an efficient, timesaving, and eco-friendly method for the extraction of pectin from passion fruit peel, especially for pectin with a high esterification degree and galacturonic acid content higher than 65%.Industrial relevanceThis information is important for food industry since direct boiling, that is a conventional method of extraction, takes around 2 h to obtain a good yield of pectin and uses strong acid solutions. Also, today, this information which shows much interest in the food industry.     

刺槐豆胶对冷冻面团水分分布及面包品质的影响

将刺槐豆胶(Locust bean gum,LBG)加入冷冻面团中,利用核磁共振测定冷冻面团的水分分布及状态,扫描电镜测定面团的微观网络结构,扫描仪及质构仪对面包的纹理结构和质构特性进行分析,研究持水性强的刺槐豆胶对冷冻面团水分分布状态的改善作用,探讨面团微观网络结构,纹理及质构特性与水分分布的关系。结果显示:随着冷冻面团冻藏周数的增加,对照组面团中深层次结合水占比由17.40%下降至14.40%,自由水占比上升了3.40%,面筋蛋白包裹淀粉颗粒能力逐渐下降,淀粉颗粒的排布逐渐混乱,面团的发酵速度逐渐缓慢,冷冻面团烘烤面包的纹理结构不再均一有序,硬度增大,弹性下降。加入LBG后,深层次结合水占比由17.20%下降至15.40%,自由水占比上升了2.70%,面筋蛋白网络结构及其烘烤面包劣变幅度减小,说明LBG有效的延缓了面团中深层次结合水的转化,改变了冷冻面团的储藏特性。     

Physicochemical properties of bread dough and finished bread with added pectin fiber and phenolic antioxidants

Comparative studies were conducted in this paper to investigate the effects of added dietary fiber (DF) and/or phenolic antioxidants on the properties of bread dough and finished bread. Breads were developed in the absence (control bread), or presence of apple pectin and/or fruit phenolic extracts (treated breads), and subjected to quality evaluation (attributes including color, weight, and volume) and characterization of chemical and rheological properties. Chemical analyses revealed that breads with added phenolic extracts had greater antioxidant activity and higher extractable phenolic content, than control bread and the treated breads with added apple pectin(s). The measured antioxidant activity was mainly derived from the phenolics present in bread. Storage modulus G' (elasticity) and loss modulus G″ (viscocity) of the treated bread dough with added pectin(s) only were higher than those of control dough. The G' or G″ of the treated breads incorporated with a combination of a pectin and fruit phenolic extract depended on the type of phenolic extract (that is, apple and blackcurrant extracts behaved differently from kiwifruit extract). The G' and G″ at the final baking step were higher than those of other stages, indicating an increase in cross-linking among polymeric molecules and bread particles of high molecular weight. We conclude that the added pectin and/or phenolic extract had influenced bread dough cross-linking microstructure and bread properties through being involved in the interactions with bread components such as wheat proteins during dough development and bread baking. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Dietary fibers and phytochemicals (including phenolic antioxidants) have long been recognized as the active nutrients responsible for the health benefits of fruit and vegetables to humans. Interest in incorporating bioactive ingredients such as dietary fiber and phenolic antioxidants into popular foods like bread has grown rapidly, due to the increased consumer health awareness. The added bioactive ingredients may or may not promote the development of bread dough. This paper reports the findings associated with the properties of the functional breads enhanced with apple pectin and apple, blackcurrant, and kiwifruit phenolic extracts. Results of this paper indicate that the success of the development of such functional breads is ultimately determined by the interactions among added bioactive ingredients and other bread components.     

Functional response of diluted dough matrixes in high-fibre systems: A viscometric and rheological approach

Hydrocolloids (carboxymethylcellulose, locust bean gum, high ester pectin) and prebiotic oligosaccharides (inuline and gluco-oligosaccharides), singly and in hydrocolloid/oligosaccharide binary blends were tested at different level of fibre replacement (from 0% up to 12%) to investigate the impact of dietary fibres on bread dough linear and non linear rheological performance. Incorporation of locust bean and carboxymethylcellulose at a replacement higher than 6% into bread doughs led highly reinforced hydrated flour-fibre blends with promoted values for storage and loss moduli, hardness, and pasting/gelling features; whereas pectin and pectin blends systems at any substitution level were the softer and stickier. Obtained results on rheological performance strongly endorse the viability of locust bean and carboxymethylcellulose blended with prebiotic oligosaccharides, to replace wheat flour at medium-high substitution level to serve either as sources of dietary fibre for the production of healthy baked goods or as thickening and structuring agents for baking industry.     

基于模糊数学感官和响应面法研制豆渣麻花及品质分析

本文以豆渣粉和中筋粉为主要原料,辅以泡打粉、植物油、蔗糖、全蛋液进行豆渣麻花的研制.在单因素实验的基础上,利用模糊数学感官评价法和响应面优化法对影响豆渣麻花感官品质的蔗糖添加量、植物油添加量、豆渣粉添加量进行优化,并对最后成品的营养成分、理化指标和微生物指标进行相关测定.豆渣麻花的最佳工艺配方为:豆渣粉添加量14％(豆...