加味五子衍宗丸对肾阳虚大鼠影响的研究

目的研究加味五子衍宗丸对肾阳虚大鼠的影响。方法选用SD雄性大鼠,随机分为加味五子衍宗丸低、中、高剂量组(125,250,500 mg/kg)、模型组、正常对照组,给药30 d后,与雌鼠合笼观察其交配能力,测定扑捉潜伏期,扑捉次数,扑捉率以及爬背次数。取血测血清性激素睾酮(T)、雌二醇(E2)的含量。结果加味五子衍宗丸对大鼠的扑捉潜伏期、扑捉次数、扑捉率、爬背次数均有显著性改善(P0.01);睾酮(T)含量明显提高,雌二醇(E2)含量明显降低(P0.05)。结论加味五子衍宗丸具有改善肾阳虚症状,补肾壮阳及提高大鼠交配能力的作用。     

牡蛎提取物对雄性大鼠性功能的影响

目的 探究牡蛎提取物对正常雄性大鼠和半去势大鼠的性功能的影响。方法 将40只雄性SD (Sprague Dawley)大鼠随机分为4组, 各组分别灌胃受试物或纯净水, 连续灌胃30 d后进行交配试验, 并测定大鼠阴茎勃起时间。将50只雄性大鼠随机分为5组, 除正常对照组外, 其余大鼠摘除右侧睾丸, 各组分别灌胃受试物或纯净水, 连续灌胃30 d, 然后称重雄性大鼠的包皮腺、精囊腺和前列腺，测定勃起潜伏期、血清皮质醇、促黄体生成素和睾酮水平。结果 与正常对照组相比, 牡蛎提取物低、中、高剂量组均能提高大鼠的射精次数(P<0.05), 高剂量牡蛎提取物能同时提高大鼠的捕捉次数和射精率(P<0.05)。与半去势大鼠模型对照组相比, 牡蛎提取物中、高剂量组的大鼠包皮腺系数有明显增高(P<0.05), 促黄体生成素含量显著降低(P<0.01), 高剂量组大鼠的血清皮质醇含量升高(P<0.05)。结论 牡蛎提取物具有一定的雄激素样作用, 能改善大鼠性功能。     

海带多糖干预对慢性电离辐射损伤后雄性大鼠生殖功能的影响

目的：探讨海带多糖(LJP) 干预对受到慢性局部电离辐射损伤的雄性大鼠生殖功能的影响。方法：将Wistar雄性大鼠随机分为对照组、模型组和LJP 组;LJP 组给予LJP,其余各组以等量生理盐水灌胃;除对照组外,各组在适应性饲养7d 后进行60Coγ射线局部照射,每周5 次,4 周20 次,总剂量2.3Gy/ 只。分别于停止照射后第1、7、14 天观察其交配能力;处死大鼠,测定其体质量与睾丸脏器系数、血清性激素(LH、FSH、T、E2)水平、精子数量及其存活率。结果：LJP 组与模型组比较,脏器系数提高,性激素分泌水平得到改善,精子数量及其存活率提高,交配能力增强。结论：LJP 对慢性局部电离辐射造成大鼠生殖功能的损伤有一定保护作用,对雄性大鼠生殖功能的自然恢复具有促进作用。     

益生菌干酪乳杆菌Zhang对大鼠空间学习记忆能力的影响

以益生菌干酪乳杆菌Zhang(LCZ)为研究对象,将20只雄性SD大鼠随机分为2组,即对照组(NC组)和LCZ组(4×109CFU/mL/d),通过Barnes迷宫试验测定成年大鼠到达目标洞的时间(潜伏期),探讨LCZ对大鼠空间学习记忆能力的影响。结果发现,在4 d的空间学习能力训练过程中,LCZ组大鼠潜伏期逐渐短于NC组,第3天起出现显著差异(95.63 s±86.78 s,P0.05);在短期空间记忆的测试中,LCZ组大鼠潜伏期为(93.65±71.88)s,显著短于NC组(174.42 s±77.51 s,P0.05)。以上结果表明,益生菌LCZ可以显著改善大鼠空间学习记忆能力。     

转Bt基因大米暴露对雄性子代生殖系统影响的研究

目的 研究转Bt基因大米(TT51)暴露对Wistar大鼠雄性子代生殖系统发育的影响.方法 亲代雌雄大鼠分别连续给予市售大米、亲本大米和TT51大米70 d后,交配并产生子代,孕期和哺乳期各组雌性大鼠继续给予相应受试大米;子代雄性大鼠断乳后各组均给予普通饲料至70日龄,其间每周称量体重并记录食物消耗量和动物生长发育状况.雄性仔鼠至70日龄处死,进行血常规、血生化、血清性激素水平、生殖器官重量以及精子参数等指标检测.结果 TT51大米组与市售和亲本大米组比较,雄性子代体重、食物利用率、血常规、血生化、血清性激素水平以及精子各项指标差异无统计学意义.结论 转Bt基因大米暴露对雄性大鼠子代生殖系统发育未见不良影响.     

鱼腥草醇提取物对甲状腺片诱导的甲亢小鼠生理指标的影响研究

目的研究鱼腥草醇提取物对甲状腺片诱导的甲亢小鼠的影响。方法以鱼腥草为原料用无水乙醇进行提取,在应用甲状腺片灌胃并成功建立甲亢模型小鼠方法的基础上,将模型组40只雄性小鼠按每组10只,随机分为阴性对照组(negative control group, NM)及鱼腥草醇提取物低、中、高剂量组(分别记为R1、R2、R3)。另取10只雄性小鼠作为正常对照组(normal control group, NC),连续灌喂30 d。结果与正常组相比,模型组小鼠体重、摄食量、饮水量、肛温以及血清T3、T4、FT3、FT4、TSH水平均有显著差异(P0.05),说明造模成功;与阴性对照组比,鱼腥草醇提取物各组肛温、血清T3、T4、FT3、FT4值及肾上腺和甲状腺脏器质量均显著降低(均P0.05);体重、血清TSH值显著升高(P0.05)。结论鱼腥草醇提取物具有有效改善甲状腺素诱导小鼠甲亢的作用,为进一步揭示其传统功效的作用机理积累了工作基础。     

蛹虫草基质多糖对雄性小鼠生殖毒性的影响

目的：探究蛹虫草基质多糖（Cordyceps militaris stroma polysaccharides,CMSP）对雄性小鼠生殖毒性的影响。方法：ICR雄性小鼠50 只,随机分成5 组,设空白对照组、阳性对照组以及不同CMSP剂量（150、300、600 mg/（kg•d））组。阳性对照组小鼠腹腔注射环磷酰胺（20 mg/（kg•d））,连续5 d;实验组小鼠灌胃不同剂量CMSP,连续灌胃30 d;空白对照组小鼠灌胃相同体积蒸馏水,定期称质量。30 d后,颈椎脱臼法处死各组小鼠,取睾丸和附睾称质量,计算脏器指数。苏木精-伊红（hematoxylin-eosin,HE）染色法对小鼠睾丸组织进行病理学检查;红细胞计数法测定精子数量;中性红活体染色法检测精子活动率和畸形率;酶联免疫吸附法（enzyme-linkedimmunosorbent assay,ELISA）测定血清中睾酮（testosterone,TTE）、黄体生成素（luteinizing hormone,LH）、卵泡刺激素（follicle stimulating hormone,FSH）含量;免疫组化-链霉菌抗生物素蛋白-过氧化物酶法（streptavidinperosidase,SP）检测睾丸Bcl-2、Bax蛋白表达水平。结果：CMSP各剂量组小鼠体质量增长率、精子数量和精子活动率明显高于阳性对照组（P＜0.05）,精子畸形率明显低于阳性对照组（P＜0.05）,CMSP各剂量组间及其与空白对照组间的差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;CMSP各剂量组小鼠血清中TTE含量明显高于阳性对照组（P＜0.05）,LH及FSH含量显著低于阳性对照组（P＜0.05）,CMSP各剂量组间的差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;睾丸内Bax蛋白表达量显著低于阳性对照组（P＜0.05）,而Bcl-2蛋白表达量则显著高于阳性对照组（P＜0.05）,CMSP各剂量组间的差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论：CMSP对雄性小鼠无生殖毒性作用。     

杂豆膳食纤维对大鼠卵巢衰老的影响

探讨不同剂量杂豆膳食纤维对大鼠卵巢衰老的影响。结果表明杂豆膳食纤维对雌性大鼠卵巢衰老有良好的抑制效果,可提高血清中雌性激素含量,修复受损卵巢组织,且其改善衰老大鼠机体指标的能力及修复受损卵巢组织的效果与剂量呈正相关。实验方法:实验大鼠饲喂普通饲料,适应性喂养7 d后,分为6组,连续灌胃28 d。测定各组大鼠体重、卵巢脏体比、血清中促卵泡激素(FSH)、促黄体生成素(LH)、雌二醇(E_2)及抗苗勒氏管激素(AMH)含量,并取卵巢组织制作HE染色病理学切片进行观察。对照组及中、高剂量杂豆膳食纤维给药组大鼠血清FSH及LH含量均较模型组大鼠下降,差异极显著(P0.01),低剂量杂豆膳食纤维给药组差异显著(P0.05);对照组大鼠血清E_2及AMH含量较模型组大鼠显著升高,除低剂量组外,不同剂量杂豆膳食纤维给药组大鼠血清E_2含量均较模型组大鼠升高,差异极显著(P0.01)。卵巢病理学切片结果表明,各灌胃给药组大鼠卵巢组织衰老损伤程度明显减轻,且杂豆膳食纤维对雌性大鼠衰老造成卵巢损伤的改善效果与剂量呈正相关。     

紫玉米秸秆青贮饲料对热应激奶山羊能量利用、血浆代谢和抗氧化参数的影响

试验采用4×4拉丁方试验设计，选取8只体况良好的经产萨能奶山羊（体重，41.50±1.84 kg；平均数±标准差）随机分为4组，四种日粮处理分别为（粗饲料均占日粮干物质50%）：粗饲料为稻草组（NC）、粘玉米秸秆青贮饲料组（PC1）、粘玉米秸秆青贮饲料+1 g/d商业紫玉米花青素提取物组（PC2）及紫玉米秸秆青贮饲料组（AR）。每期试验周期持续21 d，其中最后7 d为样品采集期。结果表明：1）羊舍平均温度、湿度与温湿指数分别为30.54°C、72.66%及82.28。2）粘玉米和紫玉米秸秆青贮饲料蛋白和能量价值参数差异均不显著（P>0.05）。3）NC组显示较低水平（P<0.05）的消化能、代谢能、总能表观消化能与总能利用率；AR组消化能利用率显著（P<0.05）高于其他组。4）NC组葡萄糖显著（P<0.05）低于PC2组和AR组；但尿素氮显著（P<0.05）高于其他组。5）PC2与AR组谷胱甘肽S-转移酶显著（P<0.05）高于NC和PC1组；PC2与AR组丙二醛显著（P<0.05）低于NC和PC1组。由此可见，紫玉米秸秆青贮饲料可提高热应激奶山羊的消化能利用率，改善能量利用；对血浆代谢参数无副作用影响，但可提升抗氧化参数，有缓解奶山羊热应激的潜力。     

叶生小皮伞不同发酵产物对硝酸甘油诱导偏头痛大鼠的抗炎、镇痛作用

为研究叶生小皮伞(Marasmius epiphyllus)不同发酵产物对偏头痛大鼠的抗炎、镇痛的作用,本研究采用硝酸甘油诱导的大鼠偏头痛模型,观察大鼠行为学变化;采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测脑组织中5-羟色胺(5-hydroxytryptamine,5-HT)、去甲肾上腺素(norepinephrine,NE)和多巴胺(dopamine,DA)及血清中一氧化氮(NO)、白细胞介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)和白细胞介素-1β(interleukin-1β,IL-1β)的含量。结果表明,造模后,大鼠双耳发红,搔头次数频繁;与模型组比较,阳性药组和叶生小皮伞发酵物各给药组均可显著(P<0.05)提高脑组织中5-HT、NE和DA水平;除叶生小皮伞固体发酵物水提物WESF低剂量组、菌丝体水提物WEM低剂量组外,叶生小皮伞各给药组大鼠血清中NO水平均显著降低(P<0.05,P<0.001);除叶生小皮伞菌丝体水提物WEM低剂量组、发酵液LFP低剂量组外,叶生小皮伞各给药组大鼠血清中炎症因子IL-6水平显著降低(P<0.05);除发酵液LFP高剂量组外,叶生小皮伞各给药组大鼠血清中炎症因子IL-1β水平显著降低(P<0.05,P<0.001)。因此,叶生小皮伞发酵产物可调节血管收缩及神经递质分泌,对偏头痛大鼠具有良好的抗炎、镇痛作用。     

葡萄果皮提取物对砷致雄性小鼠生殖毒性的缓解作用

为探究玫瑰香葡萄果皮提取物(Grape skin extracts,GSE)对砷致雄性小鼠生殖毒性的影响,本文选昆明种纯系雄性小鼠,通过饮水摄入10 mg/L砷诱发小鼠生殖毒性,以4.5 mg/kg·BW的玫瑰香GSE灌胃干预砷毒性过程。60 d后检测发现,砷染毒组小鼠睾丸系数显著下降(P<0.05),睾丸组织结构出现病理性改变,精子质量和数量显著降低(P<0.05),睾丸组织中超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide dismutase,SOD)活性和还原型谷胱甘肽(Glutathione,GSH)含量显著下降(P<0.05)、H₂O₂和丙二醛(Malondialdehyde,MDA)浓度显著增高(P<0.05);与砷染毒组相比,GSE干预组小鼠睾丸系数升高,睾丸组织结构损伤减轻,精子总数显著升高、畸形率显著下降(P<0.05),睾丸组织SOD活性和还原型GSH含量显著升高、H₂O₂和MDA浓度显著降低(P<0.05)。结果表明,玫瑰香葡萄果皮提取物能缓解砷的雄性生殖毒性,提高小鼠睾丸组织的抗氧化能力,对雄性生殖功能有一定的保护作用。     

人参茎叶总皂苷对幼年雄性大鼠生殖系统的影响及作用机制

目的：研究人参茎叶总皂苷对幼年雄性大鼠生殖系统的影响及作用机制。方法：将40 只SD幼年大鼠分为对照组及人参茎叶总皂苷低、中、高剂量给药组,灌胃两周后处死,用放射免疫法检测大鼠血清中睾酮的含量,用酶联免疫试剂盒测量大鼠血清中双氢睾酮、促黄体激素和促卵泡素的含量,称量大鼠的睾丸质量,计算体质量增加量、睾丸脏器系数和精子密度。用高效液相色谱仪对比分析高剂量组大鼠血清和对照组血清中成分的差异。将高剂量组大鼠血清和人参茎叶总皂苷溶液,按0%（对照组）、5%、10%、15%的体积分数分别加到培养的大鼠睾丸间质细胞中,用台盼蓝染色法和噻唑蓝法检测细胞存活率和活力,用放免法检测睾丸间质细胞培养液中睾酮的含量,用大鼠环磷酸腺苷酶联免疫试剂盒检测睾丸间质细胞内环磷酸腺苷的变化。用SPSS软件分析各组间差异。结果：人参茎叶总皂苷能剂量依赖性地显著降低幼年大鼠的血清睾酮水平（P＜0.01）、双氢睾酮（P＜0.01）水平和精子密度（P＜0.01）。与对照组相比,高剂量组大鼠血清中含有5 种成分是对照组中所没有的,并且人参茎叶总皂苷给药组的睾丸质量（P＜0.05）和体质量增加量（P＜0.01）显著降低,血清促黄体激素（P＜0.01）、促卵泡素（P＜0.01）和睾丸脏器系数显著上升（P＜0.05）。人参茎叶总皂苷及其含药血清能抑制睾丸间质细胞内内环磷酸腺苷水平和睾酮的合成。结论：人参茎叶总皂苷可能通过抑制蛋白激酶A途径降低大鼠血清中睾酮的生成,从而抑制睾丸发育和精子生成,影响雄性幼鼠生殖系统的发育。     

Role of zinc in regulating the testicular function. Part 1. Effect of dietary zinc deficiency on serum levels of gonadotropins, prolactin and testosterone in male albino rats

Hypogonadism is a major manifestation of zinc deficiency in both humans and animals. In this study, we try to elucidate the main role of zinc in regulating the testicular function. Ninety male weanling albino rats were divided into three groups: control, zinc-deficient (ZD), and zinc-supplemented (ZS) groups. Six rats from each group were sacrificed every two weeks over a total period of ten weeks. Serum levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin (PRL) and testosterone (T) were estimated by radioimmunoassay technique. Serum zinc concentrations were also determined. Data revealed that serum zinc concentrations were significantly low in ZD group compared to both control and ZS groups. Normal FSH and LH but low PRL and T levels were demonstrated in sera of ZD group compared to both control and ZS groups. We came to the following conclusions: zinc deficiency has no effect on the pituitary gonadotropin output. Zinc deficiency affects the testicular function either directly through its effect on the testicular steroidogenesis and/or indirectly through its effect on the pituitary synthesis and/or secretion of PRL.     

Disruption of sexual function, FSH secretion, and spermiogenesis in rabbits following developmental exposure to vinclozolin, a fungicide

We studied sequelae of prenatal plus infantile exposure of male rabbits to vinclozolin, because it is ingested by women and children. Female Dutch-Belted rabbits (7-10/group) were treated daily per orum from gestation day 15 through post-natal week 4 to provide 0, 7.2, or 72 mg vinclozolin/kg dam's body weight/day. Vinclozolin had no effect on maintenance of pregnancy, growth of pups, age at testicular descent or weight of organs. Concentrations of serum LH or testosterone at 6, 12, or 24 weeks of age were unaffected. However, FSH was lower (P < 0.05) in both vinclozolin groups at all three ages. Following injection of GnRH at 12 or 24 weeks, the increase in FSH was less (P < 0.05) in both vinclozolin groups, as was testosterone at 12 weeks of age. After full sexual maturity, 2 of 7 low dose rabbits were uninterested in female or male teasers and never achieved erection or ejaculation. Overall, rates of ejaculation failure were: control 0% (0/48), low dose 29% (12/42), and high dose 5% (3/60). Daily sperm production per gram of testis and total number of sperm per ejaculate in both vinclozolin groups were similar (P > 0.1) to controls. However, semen from vinclozolin rabbits contained over two times more (P < 0.05) morphologically abnormal spermatozoa, mostly nuclear and acrosomal defects, than semen from controls. Seminiferous tubules with degenerative changes were more frequent (P < 0.05) in vinclozolin rabbits than in controls. Lesions included syncytia of spherical spermatids and desquamation of germ cells. Hence, developmental exposure to vinclozolin caused presumably permanent changes in copulatory ability, secretion of FSH, and spermiogenesis.     

黑豆添加微量元素发芽后对雌性大鼠更年期综合征的影响

目的:通过添加微量元素发芽提高黑豆的营养价值,并对黑豆添加微量元素发芽后对雌性大鼠更年期综合征的影响进行研究。方法:以健康雌性SD(Sprague-Dawley,SD)大鼠为实验动物,制备摘除卵巢的大鼠动物模型(去势动物模型),随机分成7组,即正常组、模型组、阳性药组、生豆组、清水发芽组、富微低组、富微高组,分别给药,考察黑豆添加微量元素发芽后对摘除卵巢的雌性大鼠生殖内分泌的影响。结果:与正常组相比,模型组的阴道角化上皮细胞含量极显著降低86%(P<0.01),白细胞含量极显著升高1233%(P<0.01),上皮细胞含量极显著降低96%(P<0.01),雌二醇(Estradiol,E₂)显著降低68%(P<0.05),卵泡刺激素(Follicle stimulating hormone,FSH)显著升高28%(P<0.05),成功建立模型。与模型组相比,生豆组、清水组、富微高组、富微低组都能极显著升高角化上皮细胞含量281%、362%、455%、466%(P<0.01);生豆组与模型组相比E₂极显著升高85%(P<0.01),FSH显著降低12%(P<0.05)。富微高组、富微低组与模型组相比FSH分别显著降低10%、14%(P<0.05);与模型组相比,富微高组与富微低组子宫内膜厚度明显增厚,腺体数量增多,病理性增生减少,炎性浸润减轻。与生豆组相比,清水组、富微低组、富微高组均能显著升高角化上皮细胞含量21%、46%、48%(P<0.05)。与清水组相比,富微低组、富微高组均能显著升高角化上皮细胞含量19%、22%(P<0.05)。富微高组与富微低组比角化上皮细胞含量没有显著性差异。结论:黑豆添加微量元素发芽后对角化上皮细胞含量有极显著的升高作用,能在一定程度上综合改善雌性大鼠更年期综合征症状。     

大鼠繁殖试验评价牛初乳对生殖发育的影响

目的通过繁殖试验观察牛初乳对亲代大鼠生殖及F1代仔鼠发育状况的影响,评价牛初乳的生殖发育安全性。方法选用4周龄SD大鼠,牛初乳组在交配前期、宫内暴露期、哺乳期和仔鼠性成熟期(受孕前11周至仔鼠性成熟),用含10%牛初乳的饲料喂饲亲代和子代大鼠,对照组饲喂普通饲料,检测亲代体重、摄食量、动情周期、繁殖力指数、怀孕指数、孕周、每窝活产数、激素水平、生殖器官及精子质量;子代出生体重及身长、性别比、4日生存率、阴道开口时间、包皮分离时间等。采用两独立样本t检验的统计方法对均数进行比较,使用SPSS 13.0统计分析软件处理数据。结果与对照组相比,牛初乳对亲代的动情周期、繁殖力指数、怀孕指数、孕周、每窝活产数、子代性别比、出生身长、4日生存率均无显著影响,但亲代雄鼠左侧储精囊脏体比降低,精子总数提高(P<0.05),且牛初乳组亲代雌、雄大鼠血液中的促黄体生成素(LH)显著降低(P<0.05),雌鼠血液中催乳素(PRL)和孕酮(P)均显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论一代繁殖试验未发现牛初乳对生殖发育能力有显著影响,仅见亲代储精囊、精子总数和激素水平改变,其长远影响需二代繁殖试验进一步验证。     

Impaired final follicular maturation in heifers after superovulation with recombinant human FSH

The aim of this study was to investigate whether human FSH without contaminating LH can exert a normal superovulation response in cows. One group of heifers (n = 9) was stimulated with recombinant human FSH (rhFSH), an FSH source without any LH activity, and another group (n = 9) was treated with equine chorionic gonadotrophin (eCG), an FSH source with high LH activity. Daily transrectal ultrasonography showed that eCG- and rhFSH-stimulated heifers (n = 9 per group) had the same follicular growth characteristics and equal numbers of follicles > 8 mm in diameter after 3 days of stimulation. The treatment groups differed considerably in steroid production: rhFSH-treated heifers produced much lower oestradiol concentrations than did eCG-stimulated heifers during the first days of stimulation and much lower progesterone concentrations in the period after the LH surge. During the 27-35 h after prostaglandin injection, rhFSH-treated heifers had fewer LH pulses than did eCG-treated heifers (0.3 versus 3.0 per heifer, respectively; n = 3 per group). All rhFSH-treated heifers (n = 6) underwent a preovulatory LH surge, but this occurred significantly later than in the eCG-treated heifers (n = 4; 39.4 +/- 1.9 h versus 47.1 +/- 1.5 h in rhFSH- and eCG-treated heifers, respectively). Multiple ovulations occurred in only three of six rhFSH-treated heifers, but in all four eCG-treated heifers with an LH surge. At 24 h after the LH surge, the percentage of metaphase II stage oocytes with cortical granules distributed close to the oolemma was significantly lower in the rhFSH group (7.3%) than in the eCG group (55.9%). In conclusion, final follicular maturation is impaired in heifers treated with rhFSH, which might be due to the combination of a lack of LH activity in the gonadotrophin preparation and the severe suppression of LH pulsatility.