不同油炸温度对猕猴桃脆片品质的影响

为优化猕猴桃脆片的低温真空油炸工艺,探究油炸猕猴桃脆片的最适温度,对70、80、90、100、110、120℃这6个油炸温度下猕猴桃脆片的水分含量、含油率、色泽、质构、挥发性成分进行测定和分析。结果表明:不同油炸温度对猕猴桃脆片的理化品质均具有显著影响(P 0.05),油炸温度为100℃时猕猴桃脆片的综合品质最优。     

预处理对猕猴桃压差膨化脆片品质的影响

将处理工艺与压差膨化技术相结合,以猕猴桃为原料,探讨了切片厚度、预脱水、冷冻等预处理方式对猕猴桃压差膨化脆片品质的影响。通过试验得出猕猴桃压差膨化最佳预处理条件为:切片厚度约8 mm,预脱水方式选择微波干燥,最佳条件为微波功率60 W处理30 s,于-4℃条件下冷冻16 h,在膨化温度95℃,压力差为0.41 MPa,停滞时间为10 min,抽空温度为70℃,抽空干燥时间为180 min的条件下制备的猕猴桃脆片品质优良,具有良好的酥脆性。     

香菇脆片真空油炸-热风联合干燥工艺研究

传统真空油炸果蔬脆片含油率偏高,品质有待改善.对真空油炸香菇脆片加工的干燥工艺进行了研究,以热风风速、分阶段干燥的水分转换点、热风干燥阶段温度和真空油炸温度为影响因素,进行了正交优化试验.以含油率结合产品感官为评价指标,得出香菇脆片真空油炸-热风联合干燥最佳工艺条件为:风速1.0 m/s、水分转换点35%、热风温度65℃、真空油炸温度90℃.该工艺加工的香菇比传统真空油炸香菇脆片含油率降低1.78%,产品感官品质也有所提高.     

真空搅拌对添加不同植物蛋白香肠品质特性的影响

研究真空搅拌对添加不同植物蛋白香肠品质特性的影响。分别制备添加大豆分离蛋白和小麦蛋白的香肠（添加量均为4%、5%、6%）,经2 种搅拌工艺（常压搅拌（S0）和真空搅拌（S1））搅拌10 min,分别从盐溶蛋白溶出率、香肠出品率、水分含量、色度和质构特性等方面分析真空搅拌对植物蛋白香肠品质特性的影响。结果表明：大豆分离蛋白和小麦蛋白在香肠中的最佳添加量均为5%;经过真空搅拌处理后,各组香肠肉馅盐溶性蛋白的溶出量、香肠的出品率、水分含量、红度值、黄度值、硬度及咀嚼度均显著提高（P＜0.05）;真空处理对香肠的质地、多汁性和总体可接受度也具有显著影响（P＜0.05）,但对香肠的pH值和风味无显著影响（P＞0.05）;结合各组香肠的品质特性指标及感官评分,真空搅拌处理对添加大豆分离蛋白和小麦蛋白2 种植物蛋白香肠的品质较常压搅拌有显著改善作用,且对添加大豆分离蛋白香肠的影响更大。     

大豆组织蛋白素食糯米肠制作工艺研究

大豆组织蛋白具有丰富的营养价值和类似于肉的口感,以大豆组织蛋白代替肉为主料,同时以大豆油代替动物脂肪,添加糯米研制大豆组织蛋白素食糯米肠。大豆组织蛋白经过预处理(浸泡、脱水)得到大豆组织蛋白湿基(水分65%)。通过比较糯米不同添加量对肠的影响,确定了糯米的最佳添加量以大豆组织蛋白湿基计(水分65%)为60%。通过单因素和正交试验确定了大豆组织蛋白素食糯米肠其他配料的最佳配方为:以大豆组织蛋白湿基(水分65%)为基准,添加水160%,大豆分离蛋白10%,复配胶5%,大豆油14%。     

汤种和食品添加剂对面包老化的影响

本实验主要研究了面包汤种、海藻糖、羟丙基甲基纤维素、真菌α-淀粉酶对面包比容、硬度、水分含量、老化焓值及感官品质的影响。结果表明：汤种及食品添加剂的添加能够有效降低面包老化焓值,改善面包品质,当汤种制备水温为100℃、汤种制备面水比为1:1、汤种添加量为20%,海藻糖、羟丙基甲基纤维素、真菌α-淀粉酶的添加量分别为0.85%、2%、0.4×10-4%（以高筋粉计）,面包老化程度低,口感好,在4℃下贮藏23天后的老化焓值为575.4451 J/g。因此,汤种和添加剂能够有效延缓面包老化和品质下降。     

加工工艺对微波膨化芦笋重组脆片品质的影响

以芦笋为原料,添加猕猴桃、糯米粉等,利用微波膨化技术生产重组型芦笋猕猴桃复合果蔬脆片,研究糯米粉和猕猴桃浆的添加量、面团蒸制时间、压片厚度、预干燥条件、水分均衡时间以及微波功率与时间对脆片品质的影响。结果表明:最优工艺为糯米粉和猕猴桃浆的添加量分别为芦笋质量的90%、30%,将面团蒸制5 min,冷却后压成1.0 mm的面片,在70℃预干燥30 min、水分均衡4 h、以480 W间断式微波60 s,用此工艺制得的芦笋重组脆片口感酥脆、芦笋香味浓郁。     

微波膨化猕猴桃脆片工艺的优化

以猕猴桃为原料,研究了微波膨化猕猴桃脆片的最佳工艺。通过单因素实验分别考察了水分含量、切片厚度以及微波时间等因素对膨化率的影响。在此基础上,以膨化率为指标,设计了响应面分析方案,通过数学推导及实验分析,得出微波膨化猕猴桃脆片的数学模型及相关参数。结果表明,微波膨化猕猴桃脆片的最佳工艺参数为:猕猴桃片的水分含量为20%、切片厚度4mm、微波时间62s,在此优化条件下得到的猕猴桃脆片膨化率为73.8%,与回归方程的预测值(73.1%)基本一致。膨化后猕猴桃脆片的水分含量为5.4%,因此会有较酥脆的口感和贮藏稳定性。VC含量在猕猴桃片干燥的过程中和膨化后都显著的减少了。     

复合大豆分离蛋白膜力学性能研究

在大豆分离蛋白膜制备工艺基础上,添加原纤维素、羧甲基纤维素和羟丙基甲基纤维素三种材料,制备出改性纤维素大豆分离蛋白复合膜.考察不同添加量的三种添加材料对复合膜的膜厚度(FT)、膜完整性(FI)、抗拉强度(TS)、断裂伸长率(E)、透光率(T)、溶解率(D)、水蒸汽透过系数(WVP)七个性能指标的影响效果,并分析了大豆分离蛋白膜和分别添加三种材料所制得的复合膜的扫描电子显微电镜图,筛选出最佳添加材料,最后对其最佳添加量进行了研究.结果表明:当羟丙基甲基纤维素与大豆分离蛋白的质量百分比为4％时,复合膜的抗拉强度达到最大值4.43 MPa,水蒸汽透过系数达到最小值21.0g·mm/(m2·h·kPa),断裂伸长率与透过率均较为理想.     

冷冻豆腐复合添加剂配比及品质评价

为改善冷冻豆腐的加工及食用品质,通过筛选大豆分离蛋白、变性淀粉及卡拉胶添加量并进行复配,研究复配添加剂对冷冻豆腐品质的影响。结果显示,以冷冻豆腐的保水性和复水性为指标,筛选出大豆分离蛋白、变性淀粉和卡拉胶的添加量分别为0.5%、0.03%和0.03%(w/v)。结合单因素试验结果,采用感官、质构及微观结构分析等方法研究复合添加剂对冷冻豆腐品质的影响,实验结果显示:当复合添加剂配比为0.5%(w/v)大豆分离蛋白+0.03%(w/v)变性淀粉+0.03%(w/v)卡拉胶时,制作的冷冻豆腐凝胶性好,热稳定性好,蛋白结构均匀、致密,具有较强耐煮性。表明通过改变添加剂浓度和配比可改善冷冻豆腐品质,有利于产品的大规模化工业生产。     

Effects of processing conditions on the quality of vacuum‐fried carrot chips

The effects of pretreatment and vacuum frying conditions on the quality of fried carrot chips were studied. The moisture and oil contents of fried carrot chips were significantly (p < 0.05) reduced when blanched carrot slices were pretreated by immersion in fructose solution and freezing prior to vacuum frying. Furthermore, more uniform porosity was observed on the vertical cross‐section of carrot chips when examined by scanning electron microscopy. During vacuum frying, the moisture content, colour and breaking force of carrot chips decreased while the oil content increased with increasing frying temperature and time. However, there was no apparent change in Hunter ΔE with time when the frying temperature was below 100 °C and the frying time was below 25 min. Results of this study suggest that vacuum frying at moderate temperature (90–100 °C) for 20 min can produce carrot chips with lower moisture and oil contents as well as good colour and crispy texture. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry     

白腐真菌对玉米秸杆和餐厨垃圾堆肥效果的影响

利用白腐真菌降解过的玉米秸秆和未降解过的玉米秸秆分别与餐厨垃圾进行堆肥对比实验,研究生物预处理对秸秆堆肥效果的影响.在30d的堆肥过程中,通过测定堆体的温度、含水率、pH、有机质含量以及种子发芽指数指标评价其堆肥效果和腐熟程度.结果表明,预处理过的秸秆堆体A较未处理过的堆体B先达到55℃;堆体A含水率下降迅速、有机质含量减少快,可缩短堆肥周期;两堆体pH最终接近中性;堆体A种子发芽率为99%,比堆体B的种子发芽率高1%,堆体A的腐熟速度和程度优于堆体B.生物预处理可加快堆肥进程,有效缩短堆肥周期.     

不同预处理方式对西兰花等外品热风干燥粉体性质的影响

为明确西兰花等外品热风干燥制粉工艺适宜预处理方式,分别采用蒸汽蒸制、热水烫漂、切小丁的预处理方式制备西兰花等外品热风干燥粉体(the hot air drying powder of broccoli defective product,简称HBD粉),研究了不同预处理方式对HBD粉粉体性质的影响。结果表明:烫漂对HBD粉色泽保持效果最好,V_C保留量较高,但溶解性较差。烫漂10 s粉体流动性较差。烫漂30 s粉体较难吸湿,更利于压片成型和干燥保存;蒸汽蒸制粉体水溶性指数较大。蒸汽10 s粉体平均粒径最小,流动性较差,总糖、还原糖含量最高,吸湿能力最强,达22.8%。蒸汽30 s更利于压片成型;小丁粉体膨胀力、持水力较强。经烫漂10 s、蒸汽10 s预处理的HBD粉适宜作为功能配料添加到食品中或吸附于食品表面,经烫漂30 s、蒸汽30 s预处理的HBD粉体适宜片剂、胶囊等产品剂型加工。     

复合生物保鲜剂对鲜食玉米贮藏品质的影响

采用壳聚糖、花粉多糖、茶多酚为主配制的复合生物保鲜剂对鲜食玉米进行保鲜,测定含水量、质量损失率、硬度、气味与感官品质,研究贮藏期间鲜食玉米的品质变化。结果表明,与对照相比,冷藏条件下经保鲜剂处理的鲜食玉米贮藏30 d时含水量减少损失18.6%,质量损失率降低19.9%,硬度降低42.68 N,气味变化较小,感官品质良好。生物保鲜剂可有效抑制鲜食玉米水分散失,减少营养成分损失,降低质量损失率,保持籽粒弹性;还可保持鲜食玉米的色泽、形态、气味、滋味等感官品质,因此,生物保鲜剂对鲜食玉米的保鲜效果显著。     

Preparation and functional properties of protein from heat-denatured soybean meal assisted by steam flash-explosion with dilute acid soaking

The combined pretreatment of heat-denatured soybean meal using steam flash-explosion (SFE) with sulfuric-acid soaking was investigated to prepare protein from soybean meal. When soybean meal was pretreated by SFE at 1.8 MPa, 2.2 MPa for 8 min and at 2.0 MPa for 8 min and 10 min, combined with 0.9% sulfuric-acid soaking, the extraction yield of protein increased to 67.72%, 70.54%, 69.47% and 71.21% respectively, compared to untreated soybean meal. Scanning electron micrograph of pretreated samples showed the structural disruption of soybean meal. After pretreatment, the protein yield was improved, while protein content of soy protein isolate (SPI) decreased slightly. The functional properties of SPI from pretreated soybean meal were all improved compared to untreated soybean meal and the relationship between functional properties and the changes of surface hydrophobicity of SPI was discussed. The emulsification properties and fat-binding capacity of pretreated SPI were superior to those of SPI prepared from white flakes.     

自加热茄汁酥肉加工工艺的研究

采用猪后腿肉为原料,以水分含量、剪切力、质构和感官评分为考察指标,研究挂糊组分、初炸温度、初炸时间、复炸温度和复炸时间等因素对自加热茄汁酥肉品质的影响规律.在单因素试验的基础上,采用L9(34)正交试验对自加热茄汁酥肉的工艺进行优化.结果 表明,挂糊组分对剪切力、硬度、咀嚼性影响显著(P＜0.05),初炸温度对硬度、内...     

不同包装方式对香酥虾球品质的影响

为研究不同包装方式对香酥虾球（crispy shrimp balls）贮藏过程中品质的影响,以聚乙烯尼龙（PE/PA）作为包装材料,采用普通热封包装、气调包装（100% N₂、70% N₂+30% CO₂、50% N₂+50% CO₂、30% N₂+70% CO₂、100% CO₂）和真空包装7种包装方式,测定不同贮藏时间下香酥虾球的感官评分、脂质、蛋白质和微生物指标的变化,确定香酥虾球的最佳包装方式,同时,采用电子鼻/舌和气相色谱-质谱联用技术（GC-MS）对最佳包装方式下香酥虾球贮藏过程中的风味品质变化进行研究。结果表明,在贮藏过程中,30% N₂+70% CO₂气调包装组和100% CO₂气调包装组的过氧化值、羰基价、丙二醛含量、蛋白质羰基含量和菌落总数均低于其他组,感官评分和蛋白质巯基含量则均高于其他组（P<0.05）。随着CO₂浓度增加,香酥虾球的品质劣变速率降低,但100% CO₂气调包装组在贮藏30 d后存在塌瘪现象。因此,最佳包装方式为30% N₂+70% CO₂的气调包装。在最佳包装方式下（30% N₂+70% CO₂气调包装）,香酥虾球贮藏过程中的风味成分变化明显,贮藏30 d后香酥虾球中的醇类、醛类、含氮硫类及含氧类的挥发性种类及含量总量显著（P<0.05）增加。新鲜和贮藏30 d香酥虾球的挥发性风味物质分别有39种和57种,新鲜香酥虾球中甲酸乙烯酯、环丁醇、3,4-癸二烯和3,3-二苯基-5-甲基吡唑含量较高,贮藏30 d后香酥虾球中甲酸乙烯酯、2-异氰基-环己醇（反式）、3-环己基丙醇、（E,E）-2,4-十二烷醛、柠檬醛、2-异氰基-2,4,4-三甲基戊烷和2,3-环氧丁烷含量较高。本研究表明30% N₂+70% CO₂的气调包装可以有效减缓香酥虾球的品质劣变。     

Effects of infrared heating on drying kinetics,antioxidant activity,phenolic content,and color of jujube fruit

This study investigated the effects of different infrared power (IP) levels (62, 88, and 125 W) and a pretreatment (soaking in a solution of 5 % potassium carbonate and 0.5 % olive oil) on the drying kinetics and some quality parameters of jujube fruit. The drying characteristics of jujube were greatly influenced by the pretreatment and IP level. The models of Lewis, Logarithmic, Page, and Aghbashlo et al. were fitted to the obtained experimental data using nonlinear regression analysis. The Page model showed a better fit to the experimental drying data when compared to the other models. The effective moisture diffusivity, calculated using Fick’s second law, ranged from 4.75 × 10^?10 to 4.17 × 10^?9 m²/s. Significantly, higher total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant capacity values were obtained for the pretreated samples subjected to higher IP levels. The total color change (ΔE) of the dried samples significantly increased with increasing IP level. Jujube fruits should be pretreated and then dried at 88 W IP to reduce phenolic degradation and undesired color changes and to increase the quality of the dried product.     

Effect of microwave pretreatment on mass transfer during deep-fat frying of chicken nugget

The effect of a microwave pretreatment at different time duration on the mass transfer of chicken nuggets during deep-fat frying was studied. Coated chicken nugget samples pretreated in a microwave oven for 1-2 min were fried at 160 °C for times ranging from 0 to 300 s to evaluate the mass transfer as compared to the samples without a microwave pretreatment. Microwave pretreatment had a significant effect on moisture loss and oil uptake of chicken nuggets during deep-fat frying.     

Effects of ultrasound pretreatments on the kinetics of moisture loss and oil uptake during deep fat frying of sweet potato (Ipomea batatas)

The possibility of ultrasound assisted pretreatments of sweet potato to lower the moisture content and oil uptake during deep fat frying and its effects on the mass transfer rate was investigated. Sweet potato samples prior to frying were immersed in distilled water with ultrasound (UD), osmotic dehydration without ultrasound (OD) and ultrasound assisted osmotic dehydration (UOD). Ultrasound probe having frequency of 28 kHz at 300 W maximum power and time of 30 min was used for the pretreatment. The control (without pretreatment) and the pretreated samples were fried using sunflower oil at temperature of 130, 150 and 170 °C for 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 min. The first order kinetic model was used for the mass transfer rate for moisture loss and oil uptake. The lowest moisture content was found in fried samples pretreated in UOD and OD while the lowest oil uptake was obtained in fried samples pretreated in UD having 65.11 and 71.47% oil reduction at temperature of 150 and 170 °C, respectively, compared to the untreated sample. The k values of all pretreated samples were higher than that of the untreated at 150 and 170 °C. The highest activation energy for moisture loss was found in untreated samples while the lowest activation energy for oil uptake was found in samples pretreated in UOD. The results from this work proved that ultrasound is a good pretreatment that can be used to obtain a low moisture content and oil uptake during deep fat frying of sweet potato.Industrial relevanceUltrasound is a novel technology that is widely used in the food industries because of its numerous advantages over conventional methods. Its application in the frying of foods could also help in the reduction of oil uptake, thus making safe the consumption of fried foods. The information about frying kinetics could also help in the design and optimization of the process in the food industry.