植物复合饮料对Ⅱ型糖尿病小鼠的降糖作用

为探究青钱柳、桑叶及怀山药复合饮料的降血糖功效,以Ⅱ型糖尿病小鼠为研究模型,将糖尿病小鼠随机分为糖尿病模型组、二甲双胍组、饮料低剂量组（150 mg/kg）、饮料中剂量组（300 mg/kg）以及饮料高剂量组（600 mg/kg）。同时设置正常饲养组灌胃生理盐水和正常灌胃饮料组（300 mg/kg）。监测小鼠在灌胃期的空腹血糖值、体质量、饮食量及饮水量的变化。灌胃期结束后,检测小鼠口服葡萄糖耐量、糖脂代谢指标、胰腺和肝脏组织病理水平以及胰岛素通路关键基因表达情况。结果显示：中、高剂量组小鼠尽管饮食量有上升趋势,但饮水量均显著低于糖尿病模型组（P＜0.05）,中剂量组抑制体质量下降效果最佳,体质量仅下降0.63%。同时,各饮料干预组小鼠空腹血糖值均显著降低（P＜0.05）,以中剂量组降血糖效果最显著,该组口服葡萄糖耐量、血清胰岛素水平、糖化血清蛋白水平均显著低于模型组（P＜0.05）;胰高血糖素样肽-1 水平显著高于模型组（P＜0.05）;且与二甲双胍组无显著差异（P＞0.05）。高剂量组降低血脂水平效果最显著（P＜0.05）。复合饮料干预各组小鼠肝脏及胰腺组织病变均有明显改善;肝脏胰岛素受体、胰岛素受体底物-1 的mRNA 表达水平显著高于模型组（P＜0.05）。     

刺梨及其活性成分对2型糖尿病小鼠糖脂代谢的影响

目的：探讨刺梨冻干粉（Rosa roxburghii Tratt，RRT）、刺梨总多糖提取物（Rosa roxburghii Tratt polysaccharide extraction，RPS）、刺梨总黄酮提取物（Rosa roxburghii Tratt flavonoid extraction，RF）对2型糖尿病（type 2 diabetes mellitus，T2DM）小鼠糖脂代谢的影响。方法：采用超声辅助联合酶法从RRT中提取RPS和RF，并用大孔树脂纯化。采用高脂高糖饲料联合链脲佐菌素（streptozotocin，STZ）建立T2DM小鼠模型；设置空白组（生理盐水）、模型组、阳性组（盐酸二甲双胍）、RRT组、RPS组、RF组，干预周期28 d；期间测定小鼠体质量、进食量、饮水量、空腹血糖值（fasting blood glucose，FBG）及糖耐量。解剖后测定脏器指数、脂肪质量、血清血脂指标、肝脏抗氧化指标、葡萄糖激酶（glucokinase，GK）活力、肝糖原含量、过氧化物增殖物激活受体-γ（peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor-γ，PPAR-γ）水平，并进行肝脏病理学变化观察。结果：与空白组比，模型组体质量、棕色脂肪质量显著下降（P＜0.05），进食量、饮水量、FBG、脏器指数、白色脂肪质量显著上升（P＜0.05），糖耐量异常，血清总胆固醇（total cholesterol，TC）、甘油三酯（triacylglycerol，TG）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（low-density lipoprotein cholesterol，LDL-C）浓度显著升高（P＜0.05），高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（high-density lipoprotein cholesterol，HDL-C）浓度显著降低（P＜0.05）；肝脏过氧化氢酶（catalase，CAT）、超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase，SOD）、肝糖原、GK水平显著降低（P＜0.05），丙二醛（malondialdehyde，MDA）、PPAR-γ含量显著增加（P＜0.05），肝细胞排列紊乱、脂肪变性、水肿、发炎。与模型组比，RRT组、RPS组、RF组进食量、饮水量、脏器指数、白色脂肪质量、FBG下降，体质量、棕色脂肪质量上升；血清TC、TG、LDL-C浓度明显下降，HDL-C浓度明显上升；肝脏MDA、PPAR-γ含量明显下降，CAT、SOD、GK活力和肝糖原含量明显增加，病理损伤明显改善。结论：RRT、RPS、RF均能改善T2DM小鼠糖脂代谢紊乱，其中RPS、RF效果显著优于RRT（P＜0.05），RF效果整体上优于RPS和阳性药物盐酸二甲双胍。     

金银花黄酮提取物的降血糖作用

目的：研究金银花黄酮提取物的降血糖作用。方法：用75%乙醇对金银花黄酮进行超声提取,小鼠适应性喂养一周,将其分为正常组、模型组、金银花黄酮提取物低（200 mg/kg·BW）、高剂量组（400 mg/kg·BW）、阳性组（200 mg/kg·BW）,除正常组外,其余各组一次性腹腔注射STZ(130 mg/kg·BW),造模成功后开始灌胃,实验期间记录小鼠体重及空腹血糖值（FBG）,并进行口服糖耐量（OGTT）测试,测定小鼠血清总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、高密度脂蛋白（HDL-C）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL-C）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、谷胱甘肽（GSH）、丙二醛（MDA）的变化,ELISA法测定小鼠肿瘤坏死因子（TNF-α）、白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)、白细胞介素8(IL-8)、白细胞介素6(IL-6)的变化。结果：金银花黄酮提取物含量为43.62 mg/g,与模型组相比,试验组能够有效缓解1型糖尿病小鼠（T1DM）体重的下降,极显著降低其FBG(P<0.01),极显著提高OGTT水平（P<0.01）,金银花黄酮高剂量组TC、TG、LDL-C、...     

蒲公英提取物对2型糖尿病大鼠降血糖的作用

采用高脂高糖饲料和链脲佐菌素(STZ)建立2型糖尿病(T2DM)大鼠模型,设置正常组、模型组、蒲公英高剂量组(400mg/kg)、蒲公英低剂量组(200mg/kg)、阳性组(150mg/kg),测定T2DM大鼠空腹血糖值(FBG)、糖耐量水平(OGTT)、胰岛素抵抗(FINS)和胰岛素敏感性(HOMA-IR),以及TC、TG、ALT、AST、SOD、GSH、CAT、MDA相关指标。结果表明,与模型组相比,经蒲公英提取物治疗后的T2DM大鼠的FBG、FINS、HOMA-IR显著降低(P<0.05),TC、TG、ALT、AST水平极显著降低(P<0.01),SOD、GSH、CAT极显著增加(P<0.01),MDA极显著降低(P<0.01);表明蒲公英提取物可改善T2DM大鼠胰岛素抵抗,提高机体抗氧化水平,改善脂质代谢水平,从而发挥降血糖功效。     

黑果腺肋花楸果实的降血糖活性及其对脂代谢的影响

目的：探究黑果腺肋花楸果实（Aronia melanocarpa Fruit,AMF）的降血糖活性和对脂代谢的影响。方法：采用链脲佐菌素（streptozocin,STZ）法建立Ⅱ型糖尿病（type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM）小鼠模型。将小鼠随机分为7组：模型组、盐酸二甲双胍组（40 mg/kg·bw）、AMF总黄酮组（75、150、300 mg/kg·bw）、AMF果汁组（10 mL/kg·bw）及空白对照组。检测各组对T2DM小鼠的生理指标、饮水量、采食量、脏器指数、空腹血糖值的影响,测定血清中甘油三酯（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL-C）、高密度脂蛋白（HDL-C）、丙二醛（MDA）、超氧化物岐化酶（SOD）含量,并对小鼠肝脏和胰腺组织进行病理学观察。结果：AMF总黄酮组和果汁组均对STZ诱导的T2DM小鼠具有显著的降血糖作用（P<0.05）,能降低其脏器指数和TG、TC、LDL-C、HDL-C、MDA、SOD水平（P<0.05）,修复小鼠胰腺和肝脏组织,AMF总黄酮组能显著改善T2DM小鼠“三多一少”症状（P<0.05）...     

桔梗多糖抗氧化特性及对2型糖尿病大鼠降血糖作用

目的：研究桔梗多糖抗氧化性及其对2型糖尿病(T2DM)大鼠降血糖作用。方法：提取并测定桔梗多糖含量及桔梗多糖对不同自由基的清除能力。采用高脂高糖饲料喂养大鼠6周后,大鼠腹腔注射STZ(30 mg/kg·BW)建立T2DM模型,将其分为正常组、模型组、桔梗多糖高剂量组(400 mg/kg)、桔梗多糖低剂量组(200 mg/kg)、阳性组(二甲双胍200 mg/kg),定期测定大鼠体重及空腹血糖值(FBG);并进行口服糖耐量(OGTT)测试,测定大鼠总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)、丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)的变化。结果：桔梗多糖含量为89.65%,在1 000 μg/mL质量浓度下其对DPPH·、ABTS+·、·OH、PTIO的清除能力分别为91.3%,89.7%,83.8%,90.4%。与模型组相比,桔梗多糖能够有效缓解T2DM大鼠体重的下降,显著降低其FBG(P＜0.05),以及显著提高OGTT水平(P＜0.05),经桔梗多糖高剂量治疗后,TC、TG、LDL-C、MDA 水平显著下降,HDL-C、SOD、GSH、CAT水平显著上升(P＜0.05),且所有指标均呈剂量依赖性。结论：桔梗多糖具有较好的抗氧化性,可以通过改善T2DM大鼠脂代谢水平和氧化应激水平从而起到降血糖作用。     

刺梨、桑叶、苦瓜饮料对糖尿病小鼠的降糖作用

研究刺梨、桑叶、苦瓜饮料（配方饮料）对糖尿病小鼠的降糖效果。采用腹腔注射链脲佐菌素（STZ）构建Ⅰ型糖尿病小鼠模型,小鼠随机被分为模型组、阳性组、配方饮料组,并设空白组。模型组与空白组灌胃柠檬酸钠缓冲溶液,阳性组灌胃盐酸二甲双胍片,连续4周。期间测定小鼠的饮食饮水量、体质量、空腹血糖（FBG）、糖化血清蛋白（GSP）、糖化血红蛋白（GHb）、血清胰岛素（INS）、肝糖原以及脏器指数变化,并进行口服糖耐量试验（OGTT）。结果表明,该配方饮料能有效改善糖尿病小鼠多饮多食症状,抑制体质量下降,肝糖原含量极显著增加（P＜0.01）,FBG浓度、GSP浓度和GHb含量明显降低（P＜0.01）,血清胰岛素敏感性增强,表明配方饮料对糖尿病小鼠具有辅助降糖效果。     

南瓜、山药、葛根和桑叶提取物复方对四氧嘧啶模型小鼠的降血糖作用

目的：研究南瓜、山药、葛根和桑叶提取物复方对四氧嘧啶糖尿病模型小鼠的降血糖作用。方法：以四 氧嘧啶诱导建立糖尿病小鼠模型,实验保留10 只小鼠作为正常对照组,并将建模成功的小鼠随机分为模型组、阳 性组（阿卡波糖,200 mg/kg mb）、植物提取物复方低、高剂量组（12、36 g/kg mb,以原料干质量计）。连续灌 胃给药4 周,研究植物提取物复方对糖尿病小鼠体质量及饮食饮水量、空腹血糖浓度、肝糖原含量、糖化血清蛋白 （glucosylated serum protein,GSP）浓度、糖化血红蛋白（glycosylated hemoglobin,GHb）相对含量和抗氧化指标 的影响。结果：植物提取物复方中的主要有效成分为南瓜多糖、山药多糖和葛根素,含量分别为（0.93±0.04）、 （1.01±0.06）、（0.28±0.01）g/100 g（以原料干质量计）。干预4 周后,与模型组相比,植物提取物复方组小鼠 体质量、肝糖原含量显著增加,饮食饮水量、空腹血糖浓度、GSP浓度和GHb相对含量明显降低,胰岛素敏感性增 强,且高剂量效果优于低剂量。植物提取物复方组较模型组总抗氧化能力和超氧化物歧化酶活力明显升高,丙二醛 含量显著降低,表现出改善小鼠氧化应激的作用。结论：南瓜、山药、葛根和桑叶提取物复方能够显著降低四氧嘧 啶性糖尿病模型小鼠血糖浓度,有效改善氧化应激状态。     

黔产不同海拔野生型刺梨原汁对2型糖尿病小鼠糖脂代谢及氧化应激的干预作用

探讨不同海拔刺梨原汁对2型糖尿病（Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus,T2DM）小鼠糖脂代谢紊乱及氧化损伤的治疗效果。采用高脂高糖联合链脲佐菌素（Streptozotocin,STZ）诱导T2DM小鼠模型,设置空白组（NC）、模型组（MC）、刺梨原汁高（HF）、中（MF）、低海拔（DF）组及对照组（PC）,每组10只,干预28 d,期间测定小鼠摄食量、饮水、体质量和空腹血糖值（FBG）,解剖后测定糖耐量、糖化血清蛋白（GSP）、血红蛋白（GHb）、总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、高密度脂蛋白（HDL-C）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL-C）、丙二醛（MDA）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）及谷胱甘肽酶（GSH-Px）,并通过HE染色观察各组小鼠肝脏组织结构。结果表明,不同海拔刺梨原汁可降低FBG、GSP、GHb、TG、TC、LDL-C浓度及MDA含量,提高CAT、SOD、GSH-Px活性及HDL-C浓度;其中HF组肝脏CAT、SOD、GSH-Px活性比MC组提高了151.27%、63.79%、67.46%。HE染色结果显示,不同海拔刺梨原汁组肝组织损伤均有所缓解。结果说明,不同海拔刺梨原汁对T2DM小鼠引发的糖脂代谢紊乱和氧化应激稳态具有一定的修复作用。     

辐照对红景天提取物活性成分及降血糖作用的影响

目的:研究经辐照处理的红景天提取物(RRE)中活性成分的变化及其降血糖作用。方法:分别用5,10,20,30 kGy辐照剂量的⁶⁰Co-γ射线对红景天进行辐照处理。通过高效液相色谱法(HPLC)对辐照前(0 kGy)后RRE化合物进行分析,对用链脲佐菌素(STZ)腹腔注射建立的1型糖尿病小鼠模型进行灌胃,定期测定小鼠体重、空腹血糖值、摄食量和饮水量,最后1 d测定口服葡萄糖耐量,解剖后测定脏器系数、血清总胆固醇(TC)、糖化血红蛋白(GHb)、总甘油三酯(TG)、丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)的含量。结果:辐照后的RRE中红景天苷的含量均显著减少(P<0.05),在5,10,20 kGy时络塞维的含量显著增加(P<0.05),在20 kGy时检测到酪醇。与模型组相比,灌胃辐照处理的RRE后小鼠体重有所增长,摄食量、饮水量和血糖水平降低而食物利用率显著提高(P<0.05),TC、GHb、TG和MDA水平显著降低(P<0.05),而SOD和CAT活力显著提高(P<0.05),脏器肿大的现象得到改善,在20...     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the